Fruit and vegetable intake and body adiposity among populations in Eastern Canada: the Atlantic Partnership for Tomorrow’s Health Study

Background: Being overweight or obese is one of the most harmful risk factors to the health of a population. The cause of obesity is complex and multifactorial, but the primary cause is a nutrient poor diet. Despite excess intake of calories, obese individuals commonly have a lack of phytonutrients. Phytonutrients such as chlorophyll, carotenoids, and anthocyanins have all been shown to have anti-obesity effects. National data shows that states in with the lowest intakes of fruit and vegetable intake also have higher obesity rates. The data available depicts that a low fruit and vegetable intake, thus low phytonutrient intake, is correlated with excess adiposity.Methods: Fifty subjects from Thibodaux, Louisiana were randomly selected to participate. Three 24-hour food recalls were used to calculate phytonutrient content of the diets using the phytonutrient index. A food frequency questionnaire was also administered to determine intake of specific phytonutrients (carotenoids, anthocyanins, and carotenoids). Body adiposity was measured using body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and fat percentage. Pearson correlation was used to assess correlations between phytonutrient index and body adiposity measures. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post-hoc tests was used to determine differences in PI and phytonutrient intakes among the BMI, waist circumference and percent body fat groups.Results: Participants who met healthy standards for BMI, waist circumference, and fat percentage all averaged much higher PI scores compared to those classified as obese/overweight. The data showed a strong inverse relationship between PI and BMI (r = -0.753, p = 0.00), waist circumference (r = -0.730, p = 0.00), and body fat percentage (r = -0.701, p = 0.00). Higher weekly intakes of chlorophyll, carotenoid, and anthocyanin rich foods had better body composition in comparison to those who consumed less (p<0.05).Conclusion: Results suggest a strong correlation between higher phytonutrient intake and improved body composition. Overall diet quality seems to make the most difference, but phytonutrients are thought to be a key reason for those benefits

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Dietary fruit and vegetable intake, gut microbiota, and type 2 diabetes: results from two large human cohort studies

BMC Medicine ◽

10.1186/s12916-020-01842-0 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Zengliang Jiang ◽

Ting-yu Sun ◽

Yan He ◽

Wanglong Gou ◽

Luo-shi-yuan Zuo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Vegetable Intake ◽

Sebacic Acid ◽

Fruit And Vegetable Intake ◽

Health Study ◽

Fruit Intake ◽

Fruit And Vegetable ◽

Independent Cohort

Abstract Background Little is known about the inter-relationship among fruit and vegetable intake, gut microbiota and metabolites, and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in human prospective cohort study. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prospective association of fruit and vegetable intake with human gut microbiota and to examine the relationship between fruit and vegetable-related gut microbiota and their related metabolites with type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk. Methods This study included 1879 middle-age elderly Chinese adults from Guangzhou Nutrition and Health Study (GNHS). Baseline dietary information was collected using a validated food frequency questionnaire (2008–2013). Fecal samples were collected at follow-up (2015–2019) and analyzed for 16S rRNA sequencing and targeted fecal metabolomics. Blood samples were collected and analyzed for glucose, insulin, and glycated hemoglobin. We used multivariable linear regression and logistic regression models to investigate the prospective associations of fruit and vegetable intake with gut microbiota and the association of the identified gut microbiota (fruit/vegetable-microbiota index) and their related fecal metabolites with T2D risk, respectively. Replications were performed in an independent cohort involving 6626 participants. Results In the GNHS, dietary fruit intake, but not vegetable, was prospectively associated with gut microbiota diversity and composition. The fruit-microbiota index (FMI, created from 31 identified microbial features) was positively associated with fruit intake (p < 0.001) and inversely associated with T2D risk (odds ratio (OR) 0.83, 95%CI 0.71–0.97). The FMI-fruit association (p = 0.003) and the FMI-T2D association (OR 0.90, 95%CI 0.84–0.97) were both successfully replicated in the independent cohort. The FMI-positive associated metabolite sebacic acid was inversely associated with T2D risk (OR 0.67, 95%CI 0.51–0.86). The FMI-negative associated metabolites cholic acid (OR 1.35, 95%CI 1.13–1.62), 3-dehydrocholic acid (OR 1.30, 95%CI 1.09–1.54), oleylcarnitine (OR 1.77, 95%CI 1.45–2.20), linoleylcarnitine (OR 1.66, 95%CI 1.37–2.05), palmitoylcarnitine (OR 1.62, 95%CI 1.33–2.02), and 2-hydroglutaric acid (OR 1.47, 95%CI 1.25–1.72) were positively associated with T2D risk. Conclusions Higher fruit intake-associated gut microbiota and metabolic alteration were associated with a lower risk of T2D, supporting the public dietary recommendation of adopting high fruit intake for the T2D prevention.

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Fruit and vegetable intake and the risk of colorectal cancer: results from the Shanghai Men’s Health Study

Cancer Causes & Control ◽

10.1007/s10552-013-0268-z ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 24 (11) ◽

pp. 1935-1945 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Emily Vogtmann ◽

Yong-Bing Xiang ◽

Hong-Lan Li ◽

Emily B. Levitan ◽

Gong Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Vegetable Intake ◽

Men’S Health ◽

Fruit And Vegetable Intake ◽

Health Study ◽

Men's Health ◽

Fruit And Vegetable

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Methods to Increase Fruit and Vegetable Intake With and Without a Decrease in Fat Intake: Compliance and Effects on Body Weight in the Nutrition and Breast Health Study

Nutrition and Cancer ◽

10.1207/s15327914nc432_4 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 141-151 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

Zora Djuric ◽

Kathleen M. Poore ◽

Janice B. Depper ◽

Virginia E. Uhley ◽

Samir Lababidi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Vegetable Intake ◽

Fruit And Vegetable Intake ◽

Health Study ◽

Breast Health ◽

Fat Intake ◽

Fruit And Vegetable

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Fruit and Vegetable Intake in Relation to Risk of Breast Cancer in the Black Women's Health Study

American Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.1093/aje/kwq293 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 172 (11) ◽

pp. 1268-1279 ◽

Cited By ~ 72

Author(s):

D. A. Boggs ◽

J. R. Palmer ◽

L. A. Wise ◽

D. Spiegelman ◽

M. J. Stampfer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Women’S Health ◽

Women's Health ◽

Vegetable Intake ◽

Fruit And Vegetable Intake ◽

Health Study ◽

Fruit And Vegetable

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Fruit and vegetable intake and risk of frailty in women 60 years old or older

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1093/ajcn/nqaa256 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 112 (6) ◽

pp. 1540-1546 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Teresa T Fung ◽

Ellen A Struijk ◽

Fernando Rodriguez-Artalejo ◽

Walter C Willett ◽

Esther Lopez-Garcia

Keyword(s):

Lower Risk ◽

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Vegetable Intake ◽

Fruit And Vegetable Intake ◽

Health Study ◽

Inverse Association ◽

Fruit And Vegetable ◽

Cox Models ◽

Physically Active

ABSTRACT Background Prior research has suggested that the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory potential of fruits and vegetables may ameliorate aging-related frailty. Objective We sought to prospectively examine the association between fruit and vegetable intake and incident frailty in older women. Design We followed 78,366 nonfrail women aged ≥60 y from the Nurses’ Health Study from 1990 to 2014. In this analysis, the primary exposure was the intake of total fruits and vegetables, assessed with an FFQ administered 6 times during follow-up. Frailty was defined as having ≥3 of the following 5 criteria from the FRAIL scale: fatigue, poor strength, low aerobic capacity, having ≥5 illnesses, and ≥5% weight loss. Cox models adjusted for potential confounders were used to estimate HRs and 95% CIs for the association between fruit and vegetable intake and incident frailty. Results In total, 12,434 (15.9%) incident frailty cases were accrued during follow-up. Total fruit and vegetable intakes were associated with a lower risk of frailty (adjusted HR comparing 7+ servings/d compared with <3 servings/d: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.85, 0.99). The inverse association appeared to be stronger for those with physical activity above the median (P-interaction < 0.05). Among physically active women, compared with those who consumed <3 servings/d, the HR for 7+ servings/d was 0.68 (95% CI: 0.57, 0.81). Conclusion Higher fruit and vegetable intake was associated with a lower risk of frailty in this cohort of US women aged ≥60 y. Because of limited evidence on intakes of fruits and vegetables and the development of frailty, more data are needed to confirm our results.

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Fruit and vegetable intake and risk of cardiovascular disease: the Women's Health Study

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1093/ajcn/72.4.922 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 72 (4) ◽

pp. 922-928 ◽

Cited By ~ 542

Author(s):

Simin Liu ◽

JoAnn E Manson ◽

I-Min Lee ◽

Stephen R Cole ◽

Charles H Hennekens ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Women’S Health ◽

Women's Health ◽

Vegetable Intake ◽

Fruit And Vegetable Intake ◽

Health Study ◽

Fruit And Vegetable

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Variety in fruit and vegetable intake and cognitive function in middle-aged and older Puerto Rican adults

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114512001183 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 109 (3) ◽

pp. 503-510 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Xingwang Ye ◽

Shilpa N. Bhupathiraju ◽

Katherine L. Tucker

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Function ◽

Puerto Rican ◽

Vegetable Intake ◽

Fruit And Vegetable Intake ◽

Health Study ◽

Fruit And Vegetable ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cognitive Domains ◽

Memory And Attention

Higher variety in fruit and vegetable intake has been associated with a lower risk of several chronic diseases. It remains unclear whether such associations exist relating to cognition. The authors examined associations between total quantity and variety in fruit and vegetable intake and cognitive function in a cross-sectional sample of 1412 Puerto Rican adults, aged 45–75 years from the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study, 2004–9. Fruit and vegetable intake was assessed with a FFQ. Cognitive function was measured with a battery of seven tests; the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) was administrated to assess global cognitive function. Greater variety, but not total quantity, of fruit and vegetable intake was associated with a higher MMSE score after multivariate adjustment (P for trend = 0·012). This association remained significant after further adjusting for total quantity of fruit and vegetable intake (P for trend = 0·018). High variety of fruit and vegetable intake was also associated with individual cognitive domains, including executive function, memory and attention (all P for trend < 0·05). Variety, more than total quantity, of fruit and vegetable intake may offer cognitive protection in middle-aged and older adults, but longitudinal studies are needed to clarify direction of causality.

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