scholarly journals Longitudinal body weight and sputum conversion in patients with tuberculosis, Southwest Ethiopia: a retrospective follow-up study

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. e019076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mersha Filate ◽  
Zelalem Mehari ◽  
Yihun Mulugeta Alemu
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Southwest Ethiopia ◽  
Positive Type ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Sputum Conversion

ObjectivesTo describe the association between change in body weight and sputum smear conversion and to identify factors linked with body weight and sputum smear conversion in Jimma University Specialized Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia.DesignA retrospective follow-up study.SettingTeaching hospital in Southwest Ethiopia.ParticipantsA total of 450 patients with tuberculosis (TB) were included in the follow-up between 2011 and 2013.Main outcome measuresThe association between body weight and sputum conversion was measured using joint modelling.ResultsThe association between change in body weight and change in sputum conversion was −0.698 (p<0.001). A strong inverse association between change in body weight and change in sputum conversion was observed. The study variables sex, age, type of TB, HIV status, dose of anti-TB drug and length of enrolment to TB treatment were significantly associated with change in body weight of patients with TB. The study variables age, type of TB, dose of anti-TB drug and length of enrolment were significantly associated with change in sputum status of patients with TB.ConclusionsAmong patients with TB who were on anti-TB treatment, increase in body weight and positive sputum status were inversely related over time. TB prevention and control strategies should give emphasis on factors such as female sex, older age, non-pulmonary positive type of TB, HIV-positive, lower dose of anti-TB drug and length of enrolment to TB treatment during monitoring of trends in body weight and sputum status.

An overview of body weight of older persons, including the impact on mortality The national health and nutrition examination survey i-epidemiologic follow-up study

1991 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 743-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan C. Cornoni-Huntley ◽  
Tamara B. Harris ◽  
Donald F. Everett ◽  
Demetrius Albanes ◽  
Marc S. Micozzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
National Health ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Baseline Xpert MTB/RIF ct values predict sputum conversion during the intensive phase of anti-TB treatment in HIV infected patients in Kampala, Uganda: a retrospective study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliet Namugenyi ◽  
Joseph Musaazi ◽  
Achilles Katamba ◽  
Joan Kalyango ◽  
Emmanuel Sendaula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Cut Point ◽  
Ct Value ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Drug Concentrations ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
Sputum Conversion

Abstract Background In resource-limited settings, sputum smear conversion is used to document treatment response. Many People living with HIV (PLHIV) are smear-negative at baseline. The Xpert MTB/RIF test can indirectly measure bacterial load through cycle threshold (ct) values. This study aimed to determine if baseline Xpert MTB/RIF could predict time to culture negativity in PLHIV with newly diagnosed TB. Methods A subset of 138 PLHIV from the ‘SOUTH’ study on outcomes related to TB and antiretroviral drug concentrations were included. Bacterial load was estimated by Mycobacterium Growth Indicator Tubes (MGIT) culture time-to-positivity (TTP) and Lowenstein Jensen (LJ) colony counts. Changes in TTP and colony counts were analyzed with Poisson Generalised Estimating Equations (GEE) and multilevel ordered logistic regression models, respectively, while time to culture negativity analysed with Cox proportional hazard models. ROC curves were used to explore the accuracy of the ct value in predicting culture negativity. Results A total of 81 patients (58.7%) were males, median age 34 (IQR 29  ̶ 40) years, median CD4 cell count of 180 (IQR 68  ̶ 345) cells/μL and 77.5% were ART naive. The median baseline ct value was 25.1 (IQR 21.0  ̶ 30.1). A unit Increase in the ct value was associated with a 5% (IRR = 1.05 95% CI 1.04  ̶ 1.06) and 3% (IRR = 1.03 95% CI 1.03  ̶ 1.04) increase in TTP at week 2 and 4 respectively. With LJ culture, a patient’s colony grade was reduced by 0.86 times (0R = 0.86 95% CI 0.74  ̶ 0.97) at week 2 and 0.84 times (OR = 0.84 95% CI 0.79  ̶ 0.95 P = 0.002) at week 4 for every unit increase in the baseline ct value. There was a 3% higher likelihood of earlier conversion to negativity for every unit increase in the ct value. A ct cut point ≥28 best predicted culture negativity at week 4 with a sensitivity of 91. 7% & specificity 53.7% while a cut point ≥23 best predicted culture negativity at week 8. Conclusion Baseline Xpert MTB/RIF ct values predict sputum conversion in PLHIV on anti-TB treatment. Surrogate biomarkers for sputum conversion in PLHIV are still a research priority.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Absolute and Functional Iron Deficiency Anemia in New Cases of Smear-positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Their Sputum Conversion Rate at the End of Intensive Tuberculosis Treatment Phase

2020 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
Maliheh Metanat ◽  
Mohammad Ali Mashhadi ◽  
Roya Alavi-Naini ◽  
Leli Rezaie-Kahkhaie ◽  
Nahid Sepehri-Rad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Treatment Phase ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Smear Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Sputum Conversion ◽  
Positive Sputum Smear

About one third of the population is infected with tuberculosis (TB). On the other hand, iron deficiency is the most common micronutrient deficiency in the world. A number of studies have documented anemia in patients with TB, however, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in patients with acid-fast bacilli (AFB) sputum smear-positive, and sputum conversion in these two groups of patients with absolute and functional IDA at the end of the second month of anti-TB therapy in Zahedan, Iran. The results of this study revealed that 91 out of 198 (45.9%) sputum positive pulmonary TB patients were anemic, and among those 72 (79.1%) had iron deficiency anemia. The overall prevalence of IDA in this study was 36.3%. In 72 patients with IDA, 54 (75%) had functional while the remainder had absolute IDA 18 (25%). Twenty-one out of 72 (29.2%) of patients with IDA remained sputum positive and among 126 non IDA patients 47 (37.3%) had positive sputum smear at the end of intensive TB treatment phase (p=0.278). Approximately, less than half of patients with tuberculosis had anemia among them 79% had iron deficiency anemia. The frequency of functional IDA was three times more than absolute IDA. There was no statistically significant difference in sputum conversion between two groups of IDA and non-IDA patients after intensive phase of anti-TB therapy.

scholarly journals Assessment of Neopterin Serum Level for Monitoring Therapy of Patients with Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shokrollah Salmanzadeh ◽  
Razieh Mombeini ◽  
Seyed Mohammad Alavi ◽  
Morteza Abdullatif Khafaie
Keyword(s):  
Serum Levels ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Monitoring Therapy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
First Time

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major health problem worldwide. To date, the standard diagnostic method for TB is still the direct observation of Mycobacterium TB in a sputum smear or culture. Objectives: There is an urgent need for a method to detect the disease in a shorter time with acceptable sensitivity and specificity and help monitor the treatment. Methods: A panel of 34 adults newly diagnosed with smear-positive pulmonary TB was followed during their treatment period of five months. Neopterin (NPT) serum levels were measured three times (before treatment and two and five months after treatment) using the Brahms ELItest Neopterin kit, and the results were analyzed using descriptive and graphical methods. Results: The mean NPT for the first time before treatment was 27.47 ± 20.7 nmol/L. NPT was measured two months after the anti-TB treatment, and the associated mean was 16.97 ± 14.14 nmol/L. At the end of the fifth month, the mean NPT concentration reached 11.3 ± 10.5 nmol/L. The mean serum NPT before treatment had a statistically significant difference with the mean NPT at the end of the second and fifth months of the treatment (P = 0.001). Conclusions: According to the national protocol for treating TB, a sputum smear is still necessary for patients’ follow-up. It seems that the serum NPT level should be measured to monitor response to treatment in patients that, for any reason are not able to give sputum in TB treatment follow-up.

FOLLOW-UP OF INFANTS WITH SINGLE UMBILICAL ARTERY

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-13
Author(s):  
Luz A. Froehlich ◽  
Toshio Fujikura
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Inguinal Hernia ◽  
Umbilical Artery ◽  
Single Umbilical Artery ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Genitourinary Anomalies ◽  
Associated Malformations ◽  
The Mean

Of 39,773 white and black consecutive single births, 344 (0.9%) had single umbilical artery (SUA). The incidence was higher in whites (1.2%) than in blacks (0.5%). Despite high mortality in infants with SUA (14.0%) the incidence was still 0.7% among surviving infants. Associated malformations were present in 19 of 36 dead infants with SUA, or 52.8%, and in 11 of 266 SUA survivors, or 4.1%. Cardiovascular and genitourinary anomalies were not higher in dead infants with SUA compared to all dead malformed infants. A follow-up study of infants up to 4 years of age was undertaken, comparing 266 SUA survivors with 798 matched controls. Among malformations found in survivors, only inguinal hernia was significantly higher in SUA children compared to controls. The incidences of other specific abnormal conditions were not significantly different in the two groups. The mean values of body weight, body length, and head circumference at 4 months, 1 year, and 4 years of age, were almost equal in the two groups, as were the mental and motor scores at 8 months and the I.Q. at 4 years of age.

Inverse association between height increase and LDL cholesterol during puberty: A 3-year follow-up study of the Fukuroi City

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 330-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Fujita ◽  
Katsuyasu Kouda ◽  
Harunobu Nakamura ◽  
Masayuki Iki
Keyword(s):  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Height Increase
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