scholarly journals Protocol for Pertussis Immunisation and Food Allergy (PIFA): a case–control study of the association between pertussis vaccination in infancy and the risk of IgE-mediated food allergy among Australian children

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e020232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie J Estcourt ◽  
Julie A Marsh ◽  
Dianne E Campbell ◽  
Michael S Gold ◽  
Katrina J Allen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Allergy ◽  
Pertussis Vaccine ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Scientific Presentation ◽  
Children's Hospital ◽  
Children’S Hospital ◽  
Ige Mediated ◽  
Control Study

IntroductionAtopic diseases, including food allergy, have become a predominant cause of chronic illness among children in developed countries. In Australia, a rise in hospitalisations among infants coded as anaphylaxis to foods coincided with the replacement of whole-cell pertussis (wP) vaccine with subunit acellular pertussis (aP) vaccine on the national immunisation schedule in the late 1990s. Atopy is characterised by a tendency to mount T helper type 2 (Th2) responses to otherwise innocuous environmental antigens. Compared with infants who receive aP as their first pertussis vaccine, those who receive wP appear less likely to mount Th2 immune responses to either vaccine or extraneous antigens. We therefore speculate that removal of wP from the vaccine schedule contributed to the observed rise in IgE-mediated food allergy among Australian infants.Methods and analysisThis is a retrospective individually matched case–control study among a cohort of Australian children born from 1997 to 1999, the period of transition from wP to aP vaccines; we include in the cohort children listed on Australia’s comprehensive population-based immunisation register as having received a first dose of either pertussis vaccine by 16 weeks old. 500 cohort children diagnosed as having IgE-mediated food allergy at specialist allergy clinics will be included as cases. Controls matched to each case by date and jurisdiction of birth and regional socioeconomic index will be sampled from the immunisation register. Conditional logistic regression will be used to estimate OR (±95% CI) of receipt of wP (vs aP) as the first vaccine dose among cases compared with controls.Ethics and disseminationThe study is approved by all relevant human research ethics committees: Western Australia Child and Adolescent Health Services (2015052EP), Women’s and Children’s Hospital (HREC/15/WCHN/162), Royal Children’s Hospital (35230A) and Sydney Children’s Hospital Network (HREC/15/SCHN/405). Outcomes will be disseminated through publication and scientific presentation.Trial registration numberNCT02490007.

Whole-Cell Pertussis Vaccination and Decreased Risk of IgE-Mediated Food Allergy: A Nested Case-Control Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 2004-2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie J. Estcourt ◽  
Dianne E. Campbell ◽  
Michael S. Gold ◽  
Peter Richmond ◽  
Katrina J. Allen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Allergy ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Whole Cell ◽  
Ige Mediated ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals A184 INCIDENCE OF VENOUS THROMBOTIC EVENTS AND RISK FACTORS IN CHILDREN HOSPITALIZED WITH INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE: A RETROSPECTIVE, CASE-CONTROL STUDY

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 199-200
Author(s):  
Z Ding ◽  
M Sherlock ◽  
M Zachos
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Anticoagulation Therapy ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Central Venous ◽  
Children's Hospital ◽  
Children’S Hospital ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Pediatric Ibd

Abstract Background Limited research has been published to describe the incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and relevant risk factors in Canadian children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Aims The present study aimed to investigate the incidence of VTE amongst hospitalized pediatric IBD patients over a 10-year period and identify risk factors for the development of VTE. Methods A retrospective, matched case-control study was performed at McMaster Children’s Hospital. Hospitalized pediatric patients with IBD (<18 years old) from September 2009 to August 2020 were selected. Inpatient data was extracted from the medical record database, including baseline demographic data, thromboembolic events and potential risk factors for VTE. Results There were 890 hospitalizations of IBD patients during the study period. 15 (1.69%) were diagnosed with a VTE, including 4 males and 11 females (mean age 13.4±2.9 years old). 12 ulcerative colitis (UC) (80%) and 3 Crohn’s disease (CD) (20%) hospitalizations were comprised in the VTE group. There was a significant difference in VTE rate between females (2.7%) and males (0.8%) (P = 0.03). The VTE rate in the UC group (4.2%) was significantly higher than in the CD group (0.6%) (P = 0.001). The incidence of VTE amongst hospitalized IBD patients did not vary over the 10-year period (P = 0.496). Length of stay in hospital, albumin level and central venous catheter were shown to be significantly different, although they were not identified as independent risk factors (P >0 .05). Of the 15 hospitalizations with VTE, 6/15 (40%) were superficial VTEs in the extremities and 9/15 (60%) had a deep vein thrombosis (DVT) including 6 in the extremities and 3 in the abdomen. VTEs were associated with a peripheral line in 7 patients and with a PICC line in 4 hospitalizations. 2 of 9 (22%) with extremity DVT developed symptomatic pulmonary embolism. An inherited thrombotic condition was identified in 2 of 15 with VTEs. 12/15 (80%) with VTEs were symptomatic and all VTE related symptoms happened in patients with extremity thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. 7 of 15 (47%) VTEs were treated with anticoagulation therapy for 1–6 months. VTE related symptoms and repeat imaging tests significantly improved, and no patient developed a bleeding complication as a result of treatment. Conclusions The VTE rate in pediatric IBD patients was relatively low at McMaster Children’s hospital. Children with VTE were disproportionately females with ulcerative colitis compared with children with no VTE. Central venous line insertion may be correlated with the risk for VTE in children with IBD. Most VTEs and related symptoms happened in patients with extremity thrombosis and secondary pulmonary embolus. Anticoagulation therapy in children with IBD with active disease appears to be safe. Funding Agencies Kids Dig Health Funding from McMaster Children’s Hospital, McMaster University

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Acellular Pertussis Vaccine in Older Adults: Nested Matched Case-control Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 340-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bette C Liu ◽  
Wen-Qiang He ◽  
Anthony T Newall ◽  
Helen E Quinn ◽  
Mark Bartlett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Pertussis Vaccine ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
Matched Case Control Study ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Despite recommendations that older adults receive acellular pertussis vaccines, data on direct effectiveness in adults aged over 50 years are sparse. Methods A case-control study nested within an adult cohort. Cases were identified from linked pertussis notifications and each matched to 3 controls on age, sex, and cohort recruitment date. Cases and controls were invited to complete a questionnaire, with verification of vaccination status by their primary care provider. Vaccine effectiveness (VE) was estimated by conditional logistic regression, with adjustment for reported contact with children and area of residence. Results Of 1112 notified cases in the cohort, we had complete data for 333 cases and 506 controls. Among 172 PCR-diagnosed cases (mean age, 61 years), 11.2% versus 19.5% of controls had provider-verified pertussis vaccination, on average, 3.2 years earlier. Adjusted VE against PCR-diagnosed pertussis was 52% (95% CI, 15–73%), nonsignificantly higher if vaccinated within 2 years (63%; −5–87%). Adjusted VE was similar in adults born before 1950, presumed primed by natural infection (51%; −8–77%) versus those born 1950 or later who may have received whole-cell pertussis vaccine (53%; −11–80%) (P-heterogeneity = 0.9). Among 156 cases identified by single-point serology, adjusted VE was −55% (−177–13%). Conclusions We found modest protection against PCR-confirmed pertussis among older adults (mean age, 61 years; range, 46–81 years) within 5 years after acellular vaccine. The most likely explanation for the markedly divergent VE estimate from cases identified by single-titer serology is misclassification arising from limited diagnostic specificity in our setting.

scholarly journals Breastfeeding, Nutrition, Parental Smoking And Type 1 Diabetes: A Case-Control Study At Ege University Children's Hospital

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
İpek Çiçekli ◽  
Raika Durusoy
Keyword(s):  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Parental Smoking ◽  
Breastfeeding Duration ◽  
Children's Hospital ◽  
Children’S Hospital ◽  
Type 1 Dm ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background: It has been suggested that may be a link between many environmental factors, including dietary antigens affecting diabetes epidemiology. The main objective of this study is to investigate nutritional risk factors, especially breastfeeding early in life that may be associated with the development of Type 1 DM and to determine the relationship of these factors with the disease.Methods: The research is a case-control study and was carried out in Ege University Children's Hospital. A total of 248 children aged between 4-14 years were included in the study. The case group was reached from patients diagnosed with Type 1 DM, who applied the Ege University Children's Hospital’s; the control group was reached non-diabetic children applying to the same hospital.Results: The mean age was found 10.4±3.3 years for cases and 7.4±2.5 years for controls. It was found that each monthly increase in exclusive breastfeeding duration provided a 0.78 fold decrease in the risk of Type 1 DM. Introduction of cereals in the diet at 6th month or earlier was associated with an increased risk of 3.42 fold. Each unit increase in the total number of cigarettes that parents smoked at home had increased the risk of Type 1 DM by 1.15 times. Conclusions: Prolonged exclusive breastfeeding duration was found to be a protective factor for Type I DM, while introducing cereals before the 6th month and parental smoking were found an important risk factor, which might be another subject for further studies.

Penicillin-Resistant Systemic Pneumococcal Infections in Children: A Retrospective Case-Control Study

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 761-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina Q. Tan ◽  
Edward O. Mason ◽  
Sheldon L. Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Pneumococcal Infections ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Children's Hospital ◽  
Children’S Hospital ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration Range ◽  
Control Study

Objective. To determine whether there are any risk factors that differentiate children with systemic infections due to Streptococcus pneumoniae relatively or fully resistant (minimum inhibitory concentration >0.1 µg/mL) to penicillin from those children with infections due to S pneumoniae susceptible to penicillin. Design. Retrospective case-control study. Setting. A large children's hospital. Participants. Forty-three children with systemic penicillin-resistant S pneumoniae infections identified at Texas Children's Hospital over the 51-month period from January 1989 through March 1993. Each case had one or two controls matched only for age and date of S. pneumoniae infection. Sixty-six controls were selected from a group of 341 children with susceptible isolates. Outcome measures. Variables compared included gender, race, diagnosis, underlying conditions, past hospitalization, geographic area of residence, antibiotic use in past month, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid use in past month, and outcome. Results. Thirty-seven patients (86%) had relatively resistant isolates (minimum inhibitory concentration range 0.125 to 1.0 µg/mL) and six patients (15%) had fully resistant isolates (minimum inhibitory concentration range 2.0 to 8.0 µg/mL). Thirty-three percent of the cases vs 36% of the controls had underlying conditions. Seventy-one percent of the cases vs 39% of the controls had received antibiotics in the previous month. Compared with their matched controls, the patients with penicillin-resistant systemic pneumococcal infections were more likely (P = .02) to have received a course of antibiotics within the month prior to their infection. Conclusion. The only identified associated risk factor in children who developed a systemic penicillin-resistant pneumococcal infection appears to have been the use of antibiotics within the month prior to their infection.

scholarly journals Diabetes mellitus, anti-secretory drugs and other risk factors for campylobacter gastro-enteritis in adults: a case-control study

1997 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. NEAL ◽  
R. C. B. SLACK
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Postal Questionnaire ◽  
Foreign Travel ◽  
Drinking Milk ◽  
Campylobacter Infection ◽  
Control Study

The epidemiology of notified cases of campylobacter gastroenteritis in adults in Nottingham Health District was investigated using a case-control study with a postal questionnaire to ascertain data on risk factors. Over a 14-month period 531 cases (a 73% response rate of all laboratory confirmed cases) and 512 controls replied.Conditional logistic regression analysis was used to determine independent associations with infection. These included foreign travel (odds ratio (OR) 3·4; 95% confidence intervals (CI) 2·0–5·7), diabetes mellitus (OR 4·1, CI 1·1–17), medication with omeprazole (OR 3·5, CI 1·1–12) and H2 and H2 antagonists (OR 3·7, CI 1·3–15), contact with puppies (OR11·3, CI1·2–105), eating chicken (OR 1·4, CI 1·1–1·8) and drinking milk from bottles with tops damaged by a bird (OR 3·3, CI 1·0–11). Preparing main meals (OR 0·9, CI 0·8–1·0) and drinking delivered milk (OR 0·6, CI 0·4–0·9) were associated with a reduced risk of campylobacter infection.Foreign travel was reported in 25% of cases and another 15% had significant associations with other risk factors. The majority of cases, 60%, remained unexplained, indicating the need for further evolution of sporadic cases.

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