scholarly journals Effectiveness of Acellular Pertussis Vaccine in Older Adults: Nested Matched Case-control Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 340-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bette C Liu ◽  
Wen-Qiang He ◽  
Anthony T Newall ◽  
Helen E Quinn ◽  
Mark Bartlett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Pertussis Vaccine ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
Matched Case Control Study ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Despite recommendations that older adults receive acellular pertussis vaccines, data on direct effectiveness in adults aged over 50 years are sparse. Methods A case-control study nested within an adult cohort. Cases were identified from linked pertussis notifications and each matched to 3 controls on age, sex, and cohort recruitment date. Cases and controls were invited to complete a questionnaire, with verification of vaccination status by their primary care provider. Vaccine effectiveness (VE) was estimated by conditional logistic regression, with adjustment for reported contact with children and area of residence. Results Of 1112 notified cases in the cohort, we had complete data for 333 cases and 506 controls. Among 172 PCR-diagnosed cases (mean age, 61 years), 11.2% versus 19.5% of controls had provider-verified pertussis vaccination, on average, 3.2 years earlier. Adjusted VE against PCR-diagnosed pertussis was 52% (95% CI, 15–73%), nonsignificantly higher if vaccinated within 2 years (63%; −5–87%). Adjusted VE was similar in adults born before 1950, presumed primed by natural infection (51%; −8–77%) versus those born 1950 or later who may have received whole-cell pertussis vaccine (53%; −11–80%) (P-heterogeneity = 0.9). Among 156 cases identified by single-point serology, adjusted VE was −55% (−177–13%). Conclusions We found modest protection against PCR-confirmed pertussis among older adults (mean age, 61 years; range, 46–81 years) within 5 years after acellular vaccine. The most likely explanation for the markedly divergent VE estimate from cases identified by single-titer serology is misclassification arising from limited diagnostic specificity in our setting.

scholarly journals 717. Antibiotic treatment of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli related gastroenteritis and the risk of hemolytic uremic syndrome: a population based matched case-control study in Japan

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S409-S410
Author(s):  
Shota Myojin ◽  
Kyongsun Pak ◽  
Mayumi Sako ◽  
Tohru Kobayashi ◽  
Takuri Takahashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
Matched Case Control Study ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background The role of therapeutic intervention, particularly antibiotics, for Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) related infection is controversial. Methods We performed a population based matched case-control study to assess the association between treatment (antibiotics, antidiarrheal agents and probiotics) for STEC related infections and HUS development. We identified all STEC HUS patients as cases and matched five non-HUS patients as controls using the data from the National Epidemiological Surveillance of Infectious Diseases (NESID) between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2018. Further medical information was obtained by standardized questionnaires answered by physicians who registered each patient. We used multivariate conditional logistic regression model to evaluate the association between exposures (use of antibiotics, use of antidiarrheal agents, days between disease onset and fosfomycin administration [within two or three days]) and the development of HUS, by matched odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Covariates we used were sex, age group, area code, presence of diarrhea and other factors. We also performed subgroup analyses using age (adults and children) as a stratification factor. Results 7,760 STEC related patients were registered in the NESID. We selected patients who had a record of HUS diagnosis (n=182) and matched controls without HUS (n=910). After collecting standardized paper-based questionnaires, we enrolled 90 HUS patients and 371 non-HUS patients for analysis. In the main analysis, matched OR of fosfomycin was 0.75(0.47-1.20) in all ages, 1.41(0.51-3.88) in adults and 0.58(0.34-1.01) in children. Matched OR of antidiarrheal agents was 2.07(1.07-4.03) in all ages, 1.84(0.32-10.53) in adults, 2.65(1.21-5.82) in children. Matched OR of probiotics was 0.86(0.46-1.61) in all ages, 0.76(0.21-2.71) in adults, 1.00(0.48-2.09) in children. There was no significant association between the timing of fosfomycin use in the first two or five days of illness and HUS development in any age group. Conclusion Our results suggest that fosfomycin might decrease the risk of HUS in children younger than 15 years of age with STEC confirmed bacterial gastroenteritis. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

scholarly journals In-Hospital Transfer Is a Risk Factor for Invasive Filamentous Fungal Infection among Hospitalized Patients with Hematological Malignancies: A Matched Case-Control Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angèle Gayet-Ageron ◽  
Anne Iten ◽  
Christian van Delden ◽  
Natacha Farquet ◽  
Stavroula Masouridi-Levrat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Hematological Malignancies ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Care Process ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
Matched Case Control Study ◽  
Control Study

OBJECTIVEImmunocompromised patients now benefit from a longer life expectancy due to advanced medical techniques, but they are also weakened by aggressive treatment approaches and are at high risk for invasive fungal disease. We determined risk factors associated with an outbreak of invasive filamentous fungal infection (IFFI) among hospitalized hemato-oncological patients.METHODSA retrospective, matched, case-control study was conducted between January 1, 2009, and April 31, 2011, including 29 cases (6 proven, 8 probable, and 15 possible) of IFFI and 102 matched control patients hospitalized during the same time period. Control patients were identified from the hospital electronic database. Conditional logistic regression was performed to identify independent risk factors for IFFI.RESULTSOverall mortality associated with IFFI was 20.7% (8.0%–39.7%). Myelodysplastic syndrome was associated with a higher risk for IFFI compared to chronic hematological malignancies. After adjustment for major risk factors and confounders, >5 patient transfers outside the protected environment of the hematology ward increased the IFFI risk by 6.1-fold. The risk increased by 6.7-fold when transfers were performed during neutropenia.CONCLUSIONThis IFFI outbreak was characterized by a strong association with exposure to the unprotected environment outside the hematology ward during patient transfer. The independent associations of a high number of transfers with the presence of neutropenia suggest that affected patients were probably not sufficiently protected during transport in the corridors. Our study highlights that a heightened awareness of the need for preventive measures during the entire care process of at-risk patients should be promoted among healthcare workers.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2014;00(0): 1–9

Risk factors for sporadic infection withSalmonellaInfantis: a matched case-control study

2013 ◽  
Vol 142 (4) ◽  
pp. 820-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. BASSAL ◽  
A. REISFELD ◽  
I. NISSAN ◽  
V. AGMON ◽  
D. TARAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
Matched Case Control Study ◽  
Control Study

SUMMARYThis matched case-control study investigated the risk factors for sporadicSalmonellaInfantis infection in 263 affected children and 263 age-, gender- and neighbourhood-matched controls. Information about exposure to potential risk factors was obtained via telephone interview and evaluated by conditional logistic regression analysis. Age groups ⩽1 year (n = 77) and >1 year (n = 186) were analysed separately. Of those aged ⩽1 year, breastfeeding was a significant protective factor against infection [matched odds ratio (mOR) 0·24, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0·10–0·59,P < 0·01]. In the older group, consumption of eggs (mOR 1·87, 95% CI 1·00–3·49,P = 0·05) was a significant risk factor and thawing chicken in water (mOR 2·55, 95% CI 0·94–6·91,P = 0·07) was borderline risk factor, while consumption of carrots (mOR 0·46, 95% CI 0·26–0·83,P < 0·01), drinking tap water (mOR 0·44, 95% CI 0·22–0·85,P = 0·02), religious lifestyle (mOR 0·40, 95% CI 0·21–0·74,P < 0·01) and having a high number of children in the household (mOR 0·72, 95% CI 0·58–0·88,P < 0·01) were significant protective factors. Consumers should avoid eating undercooked eggs and food handlers should be educated regarding proper handling and cooking of eggs. Breastfeeding should be strongly encouraged by public health authorities. The public must be educated on stringent hygiene practices, especially proper cooking of eggs to reduce infection rates.

Matched case control analysis of breast cancer specific factors impacting risk of developing SARS-Cov-2 infection.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e18579-e18579
Author(s):  
Joanna Zurko ◽  
Aniko Szabo ◽  
Yee Chung Cheng ◽  
Sailaja Kamaraju ◽  
John Burfeind ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Triple Negative ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Analysis ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
Matched Case Control Study ◽  
Control Study

e18579 Background: Patients with cancer have increased risk of developing SARS-Cov-2 (COVID-19) infection. It is unknown if characteristics related to breast cancer increase the risk of COVID-19 infection. In this retrospective matched case control study, we aim to identify breast cancer related risk factors associated with developing COVID-19 and describe outcomes of patients with breast cancer diagnosed with COVID-19. Methods: Women with breast cancer treated at the Medical College of Wisconsin and diagnosed with COVID-19 between March and December 2020 served as cases. Women with breast cancer without COVID-19 diagnosis within the same time frame were identified as potential controls. Controls were chosen by matching for age (≥60 vs <60), obesity (BMI <30 vs ≥30), county (Milwaukee vs suburban), race (white vs non-white) and diabetes mellitus (DM) with 3:1 matching planned. Univariate comparisons between cases and controls were done via Rao-Scott stratified chi-square test for categorical outcomes and stratified t-test for continuous variables. Conditional logistic regression was done to evaluate the joint effect of multiple characteristics on the odds of being a COVID-19 case. Results: Twenty-five cases and 77 controls were identified. All cases were fully matched by age, obesity, county, and race with 3 cases not able to be matched for DM. Mean age was 54.6 vs 54.9 (p=0.88), BMI 31.0 vs 31.6 (p=0.69), 48% lived in Milwaukee county and 68% were white (cases 24% black & 8% American Indian; controls 32% black). Regarding COVID outcomes, 24.0% (n=6) of cases were hospitalized, median length of stay was 2 days, 8% (n=2) needed oxygen, 4% (n=1) were intubated and 4% (n=1) died due to COVID-19. COVID-19 led to treatment delays in 40% of cases. On univariate analysis of cases vs controls, 64 vs 75% were ER/PR+ (p=0.31), 6.5 vs 5.2% HER2+ (p=0.34), and 9.0 vs 4.2% triple negative (p=0.10). There were no significant differences in breast cancer stage. At time of COVID diagnosis (or last clinic contact if control), 16 vs 14% had active disease (p=0.81), 72 vs 74% were on active treatment (p=0.85), with 21 vs 4% being on chemotherapy (p=0.007), and 44 vs 52% on endocrine therapy (p=0.49). On conditional logistic regression, being on active chemotherapy (OR 5.8, p=0.043) significantly increased the likelihood of developing COVID with a trend seen for triple negative disease (OR 2.8, p=0.12). Conclusions: In this matched case control study of patients with breast cancer, active chemotherapy was significantly associated with an increased likelihood of developing COVID-19 with a trend seen for triple negative disease. Rates of death due to COVID-19 were overall low. Our analysis was limited by small numbers and an inability to fully match patients for DM. These findings support continued strict precautions for those on active chemotherapy and warrants further analysis in those with triple negative disease.

scholarly journals Energy Impairments in Older Adults With Low Back Pain and Radiculopathy: A Matched Case-Control Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 99 (11) ◽  
pp. 2251-2256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter C. Coyle ◽  
Jenifer M. Pugliese ◽  
J. Megan Sions ◽  
Mark S. Eskander ◽  
Jennifer A. Schrack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
Matched Case Control Study ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Sporadic community-acquired Legionnaires' disease in France: a 2-year national matched case-control study

2008 ◽  
Vol 136 (12) ◽  
pp. 1684-1690 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. CHE ◽  
C. CAMPESE ◽  
P. SANTA-OLALLA ◽  
G. JACQUIER ◽  
D. BITAR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Legionnaires Disease ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
Matched Case Control Study ◽  
Control Study

SUMMARYLegionnaires' disease (LD) is an aetiology of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia in adults, with a high case-fatality ratio (CFR). We conducted a matched case-control study to identify risk factors for sporadic, community-acquired LD. Cases of sporadic, community-acquired and biologically confirmed LD, in metropolitan France from 1 September 2002 to 31 September 2004, were matched with a control subject according to age, sex, underlying illness and location of residence within 5 km. We performed a conditional logistic regression on various host-related factors and exposures. Analysis was done on 546 matched pairs. The CFR was 3·5%. Age ranged from 18–93 years (mean 57 years), with a 3·6 male:female sex ratio. Cases were more likely to have smoked with the documentation of a dose-effect relation, to have travelled with a stay in a hotel (OR 6·1, 95% CI 2·6–14·2), or to have used a wash-hand basin for personal hygiene (OR 3·5, 95% CI 1·6–7·7) than controls. Tobacco and travel have been previously described as risk factors for LD, but this is the first time that such a dose-effect for tobacco has been documented among sporadic cases. These findings will provide helpful knowledge about LD and help practitioners in identifying patients at high risk.

scholarly journals Role of ivermectin in the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers in India: A matched case-control study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0247163
Author(s):  
Priyamadhaba Behera ◽  
Binod Kumar Patro ◽  
Arvind Kumar Singh ◽  
Pradnya Dilip Chandanshive ◽  
Ravikumar S. R. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Infection Type ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
Matched Case Control Study ◽  
Control Study

Background Ivermectin is one among several potential drugs explored for its therapeutic and preventive role in SARS-CoV-2 infection. The study was aimed to explore the association between ivermectin prophylaxis and the development of SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers. Methods A hospital-based matched case-control study was conducted among healthcare workers of AIIMS Bhubaneswar, India, from September to October 2020. Profession, gender, age and date of diagnosis were matched for 186 case-control pairs. Cases and controls were healthcare workers who tested positive and negative, respectively, for COVID-19 by RT-PCR. Exposure was defined as the intake of ivermectin and/or hydroxychloroquine and/or vitamin-C and/or other prophylaxis for COVID-19. Data collection and entry was done in Epicollect5, and analysis was performed using STATA version 13. Conditional logistic regression models were used to describe the associated factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Results Ivermectin prophylaxis was taken by 76 controls and 41 cases. Two-dose ivermectin prophylaxis (AOR 0.27, 95% CI, 0.15–0.51) was associated with a 73% reduction of SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers for the following month. Those involved in physical activity (AOR 3.06 95% CI, 1.18–7.93) for more than an hour/day were more likely to contract SARS-CoV-2 infection. Type of household, COVID duty, single-dose ivermectin prophylaxis, vitamin-C prophylaxis and hydroxychloroquine prophylaxis were not associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Conclusion Two-dose ivermectin prophylaxis at a dose of 300 μg/kg with a gap of 72 hours was associated with a 73% reduction of SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers for the following month. Chemoprophylaxis has relevance in the containment of pandemic.

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