scholarly journals Did psychotropic drug consumption increase during the 2008 financial crisis? A cross-sectional population-based study in Spain

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e021440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Arroyo ◽  
Andrés Cabrera-León ◽  
Gemma Renart ◽  
Carme Saurina ◽  
Laura Serra Saurina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Psychotropic Drug ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Drug Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Antidepressant Use

Objectives and settingAlthough psychotropic drugs are used to treat mental health disorders, little evidence analyses the effects the 2008 economic downturn had on psychotropic drug consumption in the case of Spain. We analyse these effects, considering both gender and employment situation.ParticipantsWe used the microdata from the face-to-face cross-sectional population-based Spanish National Health Survey for two periods: 2006–2007 (n=28 954) and 2011–2012 (n=20 509). Our samples included adults (>15 years old).MethodsThe response variables are consumption (or not) of antidepressants or sedatives and the explanatory variables are the year of the survey, gender and employment status. Covariates are mental health problems, mental health index General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) and self-reported health outcome variables such as self-rated health, chronic diseases, smoking behaviour, sleeping hours, body mass index, physical activity in the workplace, medical visits during the past year, age, region of residence (autonomous communities), educational level, marital status and social class of the reference person. Finally, we include interactions between time period, gender and employment status. We specify random effects logistic regressions and use Bayesian methods for the inference.ResultsThe economic crisis did not significantly change the probability of taking antidepressant drugs (OR=0.56, 95% CI 0.18 to 2.56) nor sedatives (OR=1.21, 95% CI 0.26 to 5.49). In general, the probability of consuming antidepressants among men and women decreases, but there are differences depending on employment status. The probability of consuming sedatives also depends on the employment status.ConclusionsWhile the year of the financial crisis is not associated with the consumption of antidepressants nor sedatives, it has widened the gap in consumption differences between men and women. Although antidepressant use dropped, the difference in consumption levels between men and women grew significantly among the retired, and in the case of sedatives, risk of women taking sedatives increased in all groups except students.

scholarly journals Impact of ethnicity, unemployment and economy on mental disorders : A study from Western Nepal

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 306-315
Author(s):  
Indrajit Banerjee ◽  
Indraneel Banerjee ◽  
Bedanta Roy ◽  
Brijesh Sathian ◽  
Shovit Kadkha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Ethnic Variation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Economic Class ◽  
Specific Objective

Background: The causes of mental health problems and ethnic variation are poorlyunderstood. The main objective of the study was to find out about psychiatricdiseases which frequently occur in Western Nepal for which hospitalization isrequired. The specific objective was to research about theeconomic condition ofthe psychiatric patients and the prevalence of common psychiatric disorderwitnessed among hospitalized patients who belong to diverse ethnic and culturalgroups in Western Nepal. Materials and Methods: It was a cross sectional studywhich was conducted in between 1st October 2009 and 31th March 2010 between at Manipalteaching hospital, Pokhara, Nepal. Odds ratios and adjusted odds ratio andtheir 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated. p < 0.05 wasconsidered as statistically significant. Results: Out of 240 cases the commonestcases of psychiatric disorders include Schizophrenia, Schizotypal and DelusionDisorders 36.3%, Mood Disorders 27.9%, Neurotic, stress-related and somatoformdisorders 15.8%. Study based on ethnicity revealed that the majority ofpatients were Dalit [n= 72] followed by Brahmin [n = 66], Chettri [n = 46],Newar [n = 19], Gurung [n = 17], others [n = 13] and Magar and Pun [n = 7].Most of the patients were <40yrs [n=191] unemployed [n=199], monthly familyincome <10000 NPR/month [n= 187], students [n = 102] housewives [n = 74,], job holders [n= 17]. Study showed that Mental and Behavioural disorder due toPsychoactive Substance abuse, Schizophrenia, Schizotypal and Delusion DisordersMood (Affective) Disorders, Neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorderswere prevalent among unemployed patients [OR 8.170(CI 1.062, 62.853)], [OR3.033(CI 1.334, 6.897)], [OR 0.413(CI 0.199, 0.856)[OR 0.228(CI 0.089,0.583)]as compared to employed patients(p=0.001). Conclusion: Schizophrenia was the commonestpsychiatric disorder among the low socio-economic class of like Dalits. The study showed that culture based differences concerning mental health is furthermediated by poverty, unemployment and dearth of family income which leads tohigh prevalence of psychiatric illness among Nepalese population. Based on thefinding of the study, interventions should target these factors to minimise theload of various psychiatric illness among poor Dalit Nepalese population.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nje.v4i1.10132Nepal Journal of Epidemiology 2014;4 (1): 306-315Keywords:Culture, Ethnicity,Nepal, Psychiatry

scholarly journals Childhood abuse and its association with adults’ mental health problems: a cross-sectional study among men and women in the Yangon Region of Myanmar

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. e045870
Author(s):  
Win Thuzar Aye ◽  
Lars Lien ◽  
Hein Stigum ◽  
Espen Bjertness
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Mental Distress ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Adult Mental Health

ObjectivesTo estimate the prevalence of emotional, physical and sexual childhood abuse, and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and to examine the association between childhood abuse and adult mental health problems, including mental distress and PTSD symptoms.DesignA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted. Childhood abuse was assessed with the NorVold Abuse Questionnaire, and mental distress and symptoms of PTSD were measured using the Hopkins Symptom Checklist 10 and the Impact of Event Scale—Revised, respectively. The Wald test and multiple linear regression analysis were applied for testing differences between proportions and the association between childhood abuse and adult mental health outcomes, respectively.SettingUrban and rural areas of the Yangon Region, Myanmar.ParticipantsA total of 2377 men and women aged 18–49 years were included. Institutionalised people, monks, nuns and individuals deemed too ill physically and/or mentally to participate were excluded.ResultsOverall, 21.1% (95% CI 18.8 to 23.6) reported any form of childhood abuse, 10.4% (95% CI 8.9 to 12.4) physical abuse, 10.4% (95% CI 8.8 to 12.2) emotional abuse and 7.3% (95% CI 5.7 to 9.3) sexual abuse. Childhood abuse was more common in women (29.8%) than in men (12.4%). The prevalence of PTSD symptoms in the total sample was 6.6%. After adjusting for confounding variables, positive associations were found between childhood abuse with adult mental distress and PTSD symptoms among women and older men.ConclusionsChildhood abuse is prevalent among both men and women in the Yangon Region of Myanmar and associated with adult mental health problems. Approximately 7% of people report PTSD symptoms. It should prompt local health professionals and policy makers to establish prevention programmes to eliminate violence against children and to organise services for victims of childhood abuse. Care should be taken in generalising findings for less populated areas.

scholarly journals Help-seeking behaviour in men and women with common mental health problems: cross-sectional study

2005 ◽  
Vol 186 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Isabel Oliver ◽  
Nicky Pearson ◽  
Nicola Coe ◽  
David Gunnell
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young People ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Professional Help ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Help Seeking Behaviour

BackgroundMany people with mental health problems do not seek professional help but their use of other sources of help is unclear.AimsTo investigate patterns of lay and professional help-seeking in men and women aged 16–64 years in relation to severity of symptoms and sociodemographic variables.MethodPostal questionnaire survey, including the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ–12), sent to a stratified random sample (n=15222) of the population of Somerset.ResultsThe response rate was 76%. Only 28% of people with extremely high GHQ–12 scores (⩾8) had sought help from their general practitioner but most (78%) had sought some form of help. Males, young people and people living in affluent areas were the least likely to seek help.ConclusionsHealth promotion interventions to encourage appropriate help-seeking behaviour in young people, particularly in men, may lead to improvements in the mental health of this group of the population.

Cocaine use and employment

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S314-S314
Author(s):  
M.R. Raposo ◽  
V. Ivanov ◽  
J.B. Murcia ◽  
M.D. Piqueras ◽  
I. Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Mental Health Center ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Cocaine Use ◽  
Employment Situation ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionCocaine use is prevalent in mental health consultations in both sexes. However, in men and women there are differences in the frequency of use of substances and on the employment situation.ObjectivesShow the differences for the use of cocaine and employment status of men and women, in a sample of patients followed at the Mental Health Center in Drug Dependency Unit.Material and methodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study and analyze the differences according to sex for cocaine use and the employment situation, in a sample of patients who are undergoing treatment at the Mental Health Center for a year diagnosed with dual pathology.ResultsIn men in active employment status, the percentage of cocaine use is 19.5% and if we compare with women in the same job situation, the percentage of cocaine use is 0%.Men who are unemployed use more cocaine than women in the same job situation. For retirees, the highest percentage of cocaine is found in women.Hundred percent of women use cocaine by sniffing. Men use different ways of cocaine consume.Snorted way 67.7%, 14.9% smoked and snorted, smoked 8% and 2.3% intravenous.ConclusionMen use cocaine more frequently unemployed while women do more it often being retired.The route most used cocaine consume in both sexes is snorted.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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