Cocaine use and employment

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S314-S314
Author(s):  
M.R. Raposo ◽  
V. Ivanov ◽  
J.B. Murcia ◽  
M.D. Piqueras ◽  
I. Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Mental Health Center ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Cocaine Use ◽  
Employment Situation ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionCocaine use is prevalent in mental health consultations in both sexes. However, in men and women there are differences in the frequency of use of substances and on the employment situation.ObjectivesShow the differences for the use of cocaine and employment status of men and women, in a sample of patients followed at the Mental Health Center in Drug Dependency Unit.Material and methodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study and analyze the differences according to sex for cocaine use and the employment situation, in a sample of patients who are undergoing treatment at the Mental Health Center for a year diagnosed with dual pathology.ResultsIn men in active employment status, the percentage of cocaine use is 19.5% and if we compare with women in the same job situation, the percentage of cocaine use is 0%.Men who are unemployed use more cocaine than women in the same job situation. For retirees, the highest percentage of cocaine is found in women.Hundred percent of women use cocaine by sniffing. Men use different ways of cocaine consume.Snorted way 67.7%, 14.9% smoked and snorted, smoked 8% and 2.3% intravenous.ConclusionMen use cocaine more frequently unemployed while women do more it often being retired.The route most used cocaine consume in both sexes is snorted.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Addictive behaviours: Cocaine and cannabis use

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S314-S314
Author(s):  
M.R. Raposo ◽  
V. Ivanov ◽  
I. Martínez ◽  
J.B. Murcia ◽  
A.L. González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Dual Diagnosis ◽  
Mental Health Center ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Cocaine Use ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionThe most common psychiatric disorders associated with substance use in patients with dual diagnosis, personality disorders are followed by schizophrenic disorder. Among the substances used in patients with dual diagnosis, stands cocaine, followed by cannabis and alcohol.ObjectivesEvaluate the differences in the frequency of sex for cocaine and cannabis consumed in a sample of patients undergoing follow Mental-Health Center for Drug Dependency Unit.Material and methodWe conducted a cross-sectional study and analyze the differences by gender for the frequency and pattern of cocaine and cannabis, in a sample of patients in treatment at the Mental-Health Center for a year to present dual pathology.ResultsThere are significant differences in the frequency of cocaine use among men and women. Eight percent of men use cocaine compared to 0% of women. This monthly cocaine use is more common in women than in men at 45.5% versus 21.8%. Of women, 27.3% use cocaine fortnightly, which is not typical for men (0% of men in the sample). The weekly use of cocaine represents 55.2% among men compared to 27.3% of women.There are no significant differences in the frequency of cannabis use among men and women. Both sexes consume cannabis daily.ConclusionsThe monthly cocaine use is more common in women. In men the most common is the use of cocaine weekly.In both sexes cannabis use is more common daily.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

characteristics of suicidal behavior in a rural population

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s885-s885
Author(s):  
G.M. Chauca Chauca ◽  
L. Carrión Expósito ◽  
M.J. Jaén Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Behavior Characteristics

IntroductionSuicidal behavior is defined as any behavior of self-harm with intent and knowledge of what is done. Suicide ranks among the 10 leading causes of death in the statistics of the world health organization.ObjectivesThe main objective of the study is to determine the sociodemographic characteristics of patients who have attempted suicide and the characteristics of this behavior.MethodsIt is a descriptive cross-sectional study.ResultsThe sample consisted of 70 patients, with a mean age of 41.17 years, most of them were women (58.5%). In relation to employment status, 31.4% were working, 21.4% unemployed, 14.3% were retired and 32.9% had other employment status. Among the characteristics of suicidal behavior characteristics, mode, forecasting rescue, previous suicidal behavior, previous outpatient follow-up and consumption of toxic evaluated. The most frequent method chosen was the voluntary intake of drugs (77.1%). The 67.1% were diagnosed with depressive disorder followed by personality disorders (20%).ConclusionsIn total there is a predominance of women in achieving some suicidal behavior, as well as a higher percentage among single, divorced or widowed (60%) versus married (40%). Also a higher percentage of patients unemployed, pensioners and others who do not receive income (68.5%) versus the occupationally active (22%). Another condition that must be evaluated in the suicide risk is having previously made a suicide attempt, in our study 54.3%. Since subjects with previous suicide attempt are four times more likely to try again. The results are also consistent with other studies that the most common disorder associated with suicide attempt is depressive disorder (67.1%).Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Did psychotropic drug consumption increase during the 2008 financial crisis? A cross-sectional population-based study in Spain

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e021440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Arroyo ◽  
Andrés Cabrera-León ◽  
Gemma Renart ◽  
Carme Saurina ◽  
Laura Serra Saurina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Psychotropic Drug ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Drug Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Antidepressant Use

Objectives and settingAlthough psychotropic drugs are used to treat mental health disorders, little evidence analyses the effects the 2008 economic downturn had on psychotropic drug consumption in the case of Spain. We analyse these effects, considering both gender and employment situation.ParticipantsWe used the microdata from the face-to-face cross-sectional population-based Spanish National Health Survey for two periods: 2006–2007 (n=28 954) and 2011–2012 (n=20 509). Our samples included adults (>15 years old).MethodsThe response variables are consumption (or not) of antidepressants or sedatives and the explanatory variables are the year of the survey, gender and employment status. Covariates are mental health problems, mental health index General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) and self-reported health outcome variables such as self-rated health, chronic diseases, smoking behaviour, sleeping hours, body mass index, physical activity in the workplace, medical visits during the past year, age, region of residence (autonomous communities), educational level, marital status and social class of the reference person. Finally, we include interactions between time period, gender and employment status. We specify random effects logistic regressions and use Bayesian methods for the inference.ResultsThe economic crisis did not significantly change the probability of taking antidepressant drugs (OR=0.56, 95% CI 0.18 to 2.56) nor sedatives (OR=1.21, 95% CI 0.26 to 5.49). In general, the probability of consuming antidepressants among men and women decreases, but there are differences depending on employment status. The probability of consuming sedatives also depends on the employment status.ConclusionsWhile the year of the financial crisis is not associated with the consumption of antidepressants nor sedatives, it has widened the gap in consumption differences between men and women. Although antidepressant use dropped, the difference in consumption levels between men and women grew significantly among the retired, and in the case of sedatives, risk of women taking sedatives increased in all groups except students.

Group therapy based on mindfulness in a mental health center

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S642-S642
Author(s):  
A. Uría de los Ojos ◽  
J. Ballesteros López ◽  
P. Rico García ◽  
A.B. González Palacios ◽  
C. Domínguez García
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Group Therapy ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Mental Health Center ◽  
Present Moment ◽  
Meditation Practice ◽  
Final Session ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionMindfulness is defined as the ability of paying attention to the present moment with intentionality, moment to moment without making judgments of value.ObjectivesTo describe the effectiveness of group therapy performed in our mental health center according to the results in the SOFI scale of patients. This scale is designed to assess different qualities, which evolve through training in meditation practice based on mindfulness.MethodsGroup therapy consisted of 12 weekly sessions of an hour and a half. A total of 11 patients, 7 of which having completed therapy. The questionnaires were answered in the first and final session of therapy.ResultsThe questionnaire items were divided before and after treatment, into four categories with the following results: positive (friendly, happy, acceptance, compassion) to himself: 1.86 (0.54)/2.75 (0.78) and to others 3.57 (0.86)/3.89 (0.54); negative (hate, angry, cruel, bad) to himself: 2.92 (0.54)/2 (0.23); and to others: 2.28 (0.41)/1.96 (0.36)ConclusionsIn keeping with similar studies, the scale shows effectiveness of therapy in all sets of items, highlighting the variation of the aspects related to himself.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Childhood abuse and its association with adults’ mental health problems: a cross-sectional study among men and women in the Yangon Region of Myanmar

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. e045870
Author(s):  
Win Thuzar Aye ◽  
Lars Lien ◽  
Hein Stigum ◽  
Espen Bjertness
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Mental Distress ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Adult Mental Health

ObjectivesTo estimate the prevalence of emotional, physical and sexual childhood abuse, and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and to examine the association between childhood abuse and adult mental health problems, including mental distress and PTSD symptoms.DesignA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted. Childhood abuse was assessed with the NorVold Abuse Questionnaire, and mental distress and symptoms of PTSD were measured using the Hopkins Symptom Checklist 10 and the Impact of Event Scale—Revised, respectively. The Wald test and multiple linear regression analysis were applied for testing differences between proportions and the association between childhood abuse and adult mental health outcomes, respectively.SettingUrban and rural areas of the Yangon Region, Myanmar.ParticipantsA total of 2377 men and women aged 18–49 years were included. Institutionalised people, monks, nuns and individuals deemed too ill physically and/or mentally to participate were excluded.ResultsOverall, 21.1% (95% CI 18.8 to 23.6) reported any form of childhood abuse, 10.4% (95% CI 8.9 to 12.4) physical abuse, 10.4% (95% CI 8.8 to 12.2) emotional abuse and 7.3% (95% CI 5.7 to 9.3) sexual abuse. Childhood abuse was more common in women (29.8%) than in men (12.4%). The prevalence of PTSD symptoms in the total sample was 6.6%. After adjusting for confounding variables, positive associations were found between childhood abuse with adult mental distress and PTSD symptoms among women and older men.ConclusionsChildhood abuse is prevalent among both men and women in the Yangon Region of Myanmar and associated with adult mental health problems. Approximately 7% of people report PTSD symptoms. It should prompt local health professionals and policy makers to establish prevention programmes to eliminate violence against children and to organise services for victims of childhood abuse. Care should be taken in generalising findings for less populated areas.

scholarly journals Economic fluctuations and long-term trends in depression: a repeated cross-sectional study in Estonia 2004–2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (11) ◽  
pp. 1026-1032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mall Leinsalu ◽  
Rainer Reile ◽  
Andrew Stickley
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Job Insecurity ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Yearly Variation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Population Mental Health ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundIn the 2000s, the Baltic countries experienced unprecedented credit-driven economic growth that was followed by a deep recession. This study examined the impact of profound macroeconomic changes on population mental health in Estonia in 2004–2016.MethodsData on 17 794 individuals in the 20–64 age group were obtained from seven nationally representative cross-sectional surveys. The prevalence of past 30-day depression was calculated for men and women further stratified by sociodemographic characteristics. Multivariable regression analysis was used to assess whether these characteristics were associated with the yearly variation in depression.ResultsIn 2006, the adjusted prevalence ratio for depression was 0.77 (95% CI 0.64 to 0.93) for men and 0.85 (95% CI 0.74 to 0.97) for women as compared with 2004; in 2010, the prevalence ratio as compared with 2008 for both men and women was 1.22 (95% CIs 1.04 to 1.43 and 1.09 to 1.37, respectively). Among men, the increase in the prevalence of depression in 2008–2010 was statistically significant for 35–64 year olds, ethnic Estonians, those who were married, mid-educated or were employed, whereas among women, a significant increase was observed in 50–64 year olds, Estonians and non-Estonians, those who were not-married, were highly educated or mid-educated, in the mid-income group or were employed.ConclusionsPopulation mental health is responsive to macroeconomic changes. In less wealthy high-income countries, the greater impact of recession on depression among advantaged groups may relate to a higher debt burden coupled with job insecurity.

Relationship Between Mental Health Disorders and Unemployment Status in Australian Adults

2003 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth J. Comino ◽  
Elizabeth Harris ◽  
Tien Chey ◽  
Vijaya Manicavasagar ◽  
Jonine Penrose Wall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Unemployed People ◽  
Health And Wellbeing

Objectives: To compare the prevalence of anxiety and affective disorders among employed and unemployed patients and to compare the type of treatment received between the two groups for these disorders. Method: A secondary analysis of the 1997 National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing of Adults cross-sectional study was undertaken. Results: Unemployed adults were more likely to have symptoms of anxiety (OR = 3.09, 95% CI = 2.80–3.41) or an affective disorder (OR = 2.11, 95% CI = 1.95–2.27) or anxiety and/or affective disorders (OR = 2.53, 95% CI = 2.37–2.69). Unemployed participants with symptoms were less likely to have seen a general practitioner for treatment but when they did they received similar care to employed participants. Conclusions: These results confirm studies reported elsewhere that the prevalence of symptoms of anxiety and/or affective disorders is higher for unemployed people. The data provide further evidence that people with an anxiety and/or affective disorder who are unemployed are not seeking medical treatment. However, unlike previous research undertaken by our group, these results indicate that symptomatic adults who seek help receive comparable treatment in general practice irrespective of their employment status.

Long-acting injectable aripiprazole. Clinical experience in a case series

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S614-S614
Author(s):  
J.M. Hernández Sánchez ◽  
M.C. Cancino Botello ◽  
M.F. Molina López ◽  
D. Peña Serrano ◽  
M. Machado Vera
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Mental Health Center ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Antipsychotic Agent ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Concomitant Treatment ◽  
Patient Profile ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Long Acting

IntroductionThe use of long-acting injectable antipsychotics is useful in patients with low therapeutic compliance.ObjectiveTo present the demographic and clinical data of a case series in which long-acting injectable aripiprazole has been prescribed in an ambulatory Mental Health Center.MethodsSystematic review of the related literature and clinical history of patients in which long-acting injectable aripiprazole had been prescribed from January to March 2015 in a Mental Health Center.ResultsWe found 10 patients, whose diagnosis were schizophrenia (4), non-specified psychosis (2), personality disorder (1), bipolar disorder (1), schizoaffective disorder (2), of whom 7 were men and 3 women, with a mean age of 43.8 years old. The mean of years since diagnosis was 15.1 years. In 7 patients, we found concomitant treatment with another antipsychotic agent (low dose quetiapine in all of them); antidepressants in 1 patient, benzodiazepines in 6; mood stabiliser in 5 and biperidene in 1. In relation to previous antipsychotic drugs, we found: aripiprazole 15 mg/day oral (4); long-acting injectable paliperdidone 150 mg/28 days (2) paliperdone 6 mg/day oral (1); combination of paliperidone 6 mg/day oral plus olanzapine 5 mg/day oral (1). Only 4 patients had used long-acting injectable drugs previously in their lifetime. The reason of having initiated treatment with long-acting injectable aripiprazole was sexual disturbance (3); lack of compliance (4); clinical inestability (2) and motor side effects (1).ConclusionsIn our series, we can observe a chronic patient profile, predominantly men with diagnosis of psychotic spectrum.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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