THE LEADING ROLE OF OFFICIAL REGULATIONS OF UNIVERSITIES IN SHAPING THE LEGAL AND EMPLOYMENT SITUATION OF ACADEMIC STAFF

The deliberations included in this article concern issues related to the leading role of official regulations of universities in shaping the legal and employment situation of academic staff. Due to the fact that the Act is of no comprehensive character, the legislator refers the regulation of matters related to organization and functioning of universities to their statutes. Any issues linked to employment relationship of academic staff are contained within the statutory framework of reference to official regulations of universities. These undoubtedly include matters either directly or indirectly related to employment of academic staff. The material scope of this article concerns mainly issues related to official regulations. It also discusses the possibility of regulating the competition procedure and conditions as well as introduction of additional requirements for positions that are statutorily defined

Treatment Decision-making in Chinese Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients

BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is rising in China, and the tendency for lifelong recurrence decreases patients’ quality of life. However, no studies on treatment decision-making in Chinese patients with IBD exist. Thus, this study aimed to determine the actual and ideal decision-making as well as factors affecting decision-making in Chinese IBD patients. METHODS A multi-center online questionnaire was distributed among patients diagnosed with IBD. To assess factors that influence treatment decision-making, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. RESULTS From March 20, 2018, to May 20, 2018, 866 patients completed the questionnaires, including 222 patients with ulcerative colitis, 588 patients with Crohn’s disease and 56 patients with unclassified IBD. There was a significant difference between ideal and actual decision-making in Chinese IBD patients (P ˂ .005). The factors affecting ideal decision-making included income, education, illness severity, religiosity, the importance of the treatment decision, the employment situation, and occupation area. The factors affecting actual decision-making included age, illness severity, religiosity, the employment situation, economic anxiety, concern about the side effects, and the importance of the treatment decision. CONCLUSION There is a significant difference between ideal and actual decision-making in IBD patients in China. That is, the economy, religiosity, illness severity, and concern about the side effects of treatment are the most important factors affecting treatment decisions in Chinese IBD patients.

Women Workforce in Construction during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Challenges and Strategies

Changes and challenges in employment are inevitable under the measures enacted to contain the COVID-19 pandemic. Early evidence suggests that the pandemic would disproportionately affect women compared to men. Focussing on women workforce in construction, this exploratory study examines the challenges associated with changes in their job situations, the adopted strategies in addressing the challenges and their opinions on employment situation of women workforce during the pandemic. Results of a content analysis show that the top ranked challenges are: (i) overworked; (ii) working space; (iii) social interactions; (iv) collaboration; and (v) parenting. The most cited strategies in addressing these challenges are: (i) increased visual communication; (ii) a dedicated workspace; (iii) self-scheduling; (iv) flexible working arrangements; and (v) breaking out work time and personal time. The evidence is suggestive that most challenges are interrelated, and the strategies adopted by the respondents are multi-level and interdependent. The results also show that the most mentioned opinion is the increased caring and domestic responsibilities among women workforce. Under the uncertainty about the duration of the pandemic and future contagion waves, these findings are critical in informing employing organizations’ human resource management challenges to better support their female employees during pandemic time and beyond.

Unmet needs among Danish women with breast cancer in the transition from diagnosis into the early treatment phase

This study investigates the supportive needs of women diagnosed with breast cancer in the early treatment phase. The aim of this study was to identify unmet supportive care needs in the early treatment phase of women treated for breast cancer. This study employed a quantitative longitudinal design with baseline questionnaire (Time 1) and a six-month follow-up questionnaire (Time 2) that explored a variety of characteristics using both standardized scales and more explorative questions about employment situation, needs, rehabilitation, psychological, physical and social experiences. Eighty-five percent of the invited potential women agreed to participate, and 100 participants completed the baseline questionnaire. The analysis identified results concerning employment situation, depressive symptoms, unmet needs, distress, sexual life, social constraints and cancer-related quality of life. The study concludes that health professionals must embrace the challenges faced by the women and provide strategies to support women achieving meaningful lives.

EVALUATING THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION OF GRADUATES: A STUDY AT DONG THAP UNIVERSITY

Bài viết trình bày kết quả đánh giá thực trạng việc làm của cựu sinh viên Trường Đại học Đồng Tháp sau khi tốt nghiệp 12 tháng. Dữ liệu nghiên cứu là kết quả phản hồi về việc làm của các sinh viên tốt nghiệp giai đoạn 2015-2019. Việc đánh giá thực trạng việc làm được thực hiện theo từng nhóm ngành đào tạo thông qua kết quả thống kê mô tả xu hướng tỷ lệ việc làm theo mức độ liên quan đến ngành đào tạo và khu vực làm việc của sinh viên tốt nghiệp. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy tỷ lệ việc làm của sinh viên tốt nghiệp của Trường Đại học Đồng Tháp giai đoạn 2015-2019 đối với từng nhóm ngành đều đạt mức khá cao mặc dù có sự dao động qua các năm. Ngoài ra, phần lớn sinh viên tốt nghiệp ở các nhóm ngành đào tạo đều có việc làm thuộc khu vực nhà nước và tư nhân, trong đó tỷ lệ việc làm thuộc khu vực tư nhân có xu hướng tăng nhưng tỷ lệ việc làm thuộc khu vực nhà nước có xu hướng giảm. Bên cạnh đó, sinh viên tốt nghiệp có việc làm đúng ngành đào tạo chiếm tỷ lệ cao nhất qua các năm, trong đó có xu hướng tăng đối với nhóm ngành V, có xu hướng giảm đối với các nhóm ngành I, III, VII và có sự dao động đối với nhóm ngành IV.

The The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the employment situation and financial well-being of families with children in Austria: Evidence from the first ten months of the crisis

Objective: This study investigates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the employment situation of parents and in turn on the subjective financial well-being of families with children in Austria. Background: The pandemic had strong repercussions on the Austrian labour market. The short-time work (STW) programme covered a third of employees in the first half of 2020 and helped to maintain employment levels. We provide evidence on how an unprecedented labour market crisis of this sort and in particular the exceptionally wide use of STW had affected the employment situation of parents and the financial well-being of different types of families. Method: The study draws on register data and representative panel survey data. The latter cover 905 families with minor children and include information on the employment situation of parents and the financial well-being of families before crisis onset, three months and ten months after its onset. Results: Register data show that mothers were not more strongly affected by the labour market crisis of 2020 than childless women or fathers. According to survey data, about a third of couples with minor children experienced income losses. Despite the wide use of STW and government support to families, the share of families in financial difficulties has substantially increased, especially among those with many children and single parents, many of whom were at risk of poverty already before the crisis. Conclusion: Substantial shares of dual-earner families that had low poverty risks before the crisis were in financial difficulties in 2020. Potential spill-over effects of financial shocks on children are discussed.

Forecast of the Employment Situation of College Graduates Based on the LSTM Neural Network

Scientific and reasonable forecast model of graduates’ employment data can efficaciously embody the complex characteristics of graduates’ employment data and embody the nonlinear dynamic interaction of influencing elements of graduates’ employment situation. It has a strong and steady characteristic learning capability, thus selecting the main influence data that influence the change of graduates’ employment data. In this paper, according to the situation embodied by students’ employment, a data mining analysis model is set up by using the statistical method based on the model of cluster analysis technology to forecast the employment situation of graduates. In this paper, a forecast technique of graduates’ employment situation based on the long short-term memory (LSTM) recurrent neural network is conceived, including network structure design, network training, and forecast process implementation algorithm. In addition, aiming at minimizing the forecasting error, an LSTM forecasting model parameter optimization algorithm based on multilayer grid search is conceived. It also verifies the applicability and correctness of the LSTM forecasting model and its parameter optimization algorithm in the analysis of graduates’ employment situation.

Changes in Alcohol Consumption Pattern Based on Gender during COVID-19 Confinement in Spain

(1) The goal of this study was to analyze the prevalence and pattern of alcohol consumption (frequency of consumption, average daily consumption, and risky consumption) before and during confinement due to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in the adult population and based on gender. (2) Methods: Data from 3779 individuals were collected via a set of online surveys. The AUDIT alcohol consumption questions (AUDIT-C) were used to measure the frequency of consumption, the average daily consumption, intensive consumption, risky consumption, and standard drink units. (3) Results: During confinement, the prevalence of alcohol consumption declined in both males and females, but only intensive consumption showed significant differences, with a greater reduction in males. The number of females who consumed alcohol four or more times per week doubled, whereas the number of males who did so was multiplied by a factor of 1.5; in both females and males, the percentage who presented intensive consumption doubled. The percentage of females with risky consumption was higher than that of males both before and during confinement. In addition to gender, the interaction between age and the employment situation explain consumption before and during confinement. (4) Conclusions: During confinement due to COVID-19, alcohol consumption declined in both sexes, but alcohol-risk consumers increased their frequency of use. The interaction between gender, age, and employment situation was related to these changes. These findings are relevant for guiding public health and health-risk management policies related to alcohol consumption in environmental situations similar to COVID-19.