Healthy migrant effect in the Swedish context: a register-based, longitudinal cohort study.

ObjectivesStudies have found a ‘healthy-migrant effect’ (HME) among arriving migrants, that is, a better health status compared with others in the home country, but also in comparison with the population in the host country. The aims were to investigate whether the HME hypothesis is applicable to the Swedish context, that is, if health outcomes differed between a group of mainly labour migrants (Western migrants) and a group of mainly refugee/family reunion migrants (non-Western migrants) compared with the native Swedish population, and if there were any correlations between labour market attachment (LMA) and these health outcomes.DesignRegister-based, longitudinal cohort study.ParticipantsThe cohort was defined on 31 December 1990 and consisted of all migrants aged 18–47 years who arrived in Sweden in 1985–1990 (n=74 954) and a reference population of native Swedes (n=1 405 047) in the same age span. They were followed for three consecutive 6-year periods (1991–1996, 1997–2002 and 2003–2008) and were assessed for five measures of health: hospitalisation for cardiovascular and psychiatric disorders, mortality, disability pension, and sick leave.ResultsWestern migrants had, compared with native Swedes, lower or equal HRs for all health measures during all time periods, while non-Western migrants displayed higher or equal HRs for all health measures, except for mortality, during all time periods. Age, educational level, occupation and LMA explained part of the difference between migrants and native Swedes. High LMA was associated with higher HRs for cardiovascular disorders among Western migrants, higher HRs of psychiatric disorders among non-Western migrants and higher HRs of mortality among both migrant groups compared with native Swedes.ConclusionsThere were indications of a HME among Western migrants, while less proof of a HME among non-Western migrants. Stratification for LMA and different migrant categories showed some interesting differences, and measurements of the HME may be inconclusive if not stratified by migrant category or other relevant variables.

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Prolonged periods of waiting for an asylum decision and the risk of psychiatric diagnoses: a 22-year longitudinal cohort study from Denmark

International Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.1093/ije/dyz091 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 49 (2) ◽

pp. 400-409 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Camilla Hvidtfeldt ◽

Jørgen Holm Petersen ◽

Marie Norredam

Keyword(s):

Mental Illness ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Psychiatric Disorders ◽

Psychotic Disorders ◽

Longitudinal Cohort Study ◽

Registration System ◽

Longitudinal Cohort ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Waiting Periods

Abstract Background The high prevalence of psychiatric disorders among resettled refugees necessitates identification of factors that reduce the risk of mental illness. In this 22-year longitudinal cohort study, we assessed whether the length of asylum-decision waiting periods is associated with resettled refugees’ risk of being diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder. Methods We used full-population data from the Danish Civil Registration System to establish a cohort of 46 104 refugees resettled in Denmark during 1995–2016. Hazard ratios (HRs) for first-time psychiatric hospital contact (ICD-10) after residence permit issuance across varying lengths of asylum-decision waiting periods were estimated by cross-linkage with the Danish National Patient Register. Results Long asylum-decision waiting periods were associated with an increased risk of psychiatric disorders. Compared with refugees who waited 0–6 months for their asylum decision, the HRs of any psychiatric diagnosis were 1.22 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.12–1.33] for those who waited 13–24 months and 1.46 (95% CI: 1.27–1.69) for those who waited 25–71 months. Associations varied across diagnoses and length of follow-up: whereas the risk of nervous disorders increased with longer asylum-decision waiting periods in the follow-ups of 0–2.9, 3–5.9 and 6–11.9 years, the risk of psychotic disorders was associated with longer asylum-decision procedures only in the 0–2.9-year follow-up. Conclusion Resettled refugees who waited longer than 1 year for an asylum decision face an increased risk of psychiatric disorders. Host countries should consider that long asylum-decision waiting periods could lead to mental illness among refugees.

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Addressing challenges of validity and internal consistency of mental health measures in a 27- year longitudinal cohort study – the Northern Swedish Cohort study

BMC Medical Research Methodology ◽

10.1186/s12874-015-0099-6 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Anne Hammarström ◽

Hugo Westerlund ◽

Kaisa Kirves ◽

Karina Nygren ◽

Pekka Virtanen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Internal Consistency ◽

Longitudinal Cohort Study ◽

Longitudinal Cohort ◽

Health Measures ◽

Swedish Cohort

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Influence of opioid prescribing standards on health outcomes among patients with long-term opioid use: a longitudinal cohort study

CMAJ Open ◽

10.9778/cmajo.20190228 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. E869-E876

Author(s):

Richard L. Morrow ◽

Ken Bassett ◽

James M. Wright ◽

Greg Carney ◽

Colin R. Dormuth

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Health Outcomes ◽

Longitudinal Cohort Study ◽

Opioid Use ◽

Longitudinal Cohort ◽

Opioid Prescribing

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Sickness absence and disability pension before and after first childbirth and in nulliparous women by numerical gender segregation of occupations: A Swedish population-based longitudinal cohort study

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0226198 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (12) ◽

pp. e0226198 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Krisztina D. László ◽

Charlotte Björkenstam ◽

Pia Svedberg ◽

Petra Lindfors ◽

Kristina Alexanderson

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Sickness Absence ◽

Disability Pension ◽

Population Based ◽

Gender Segregation ◽

Longitudinal Cohort Study ◽

Swedish Population ◽

Longitudinal Cohort ◽

Nulliparous Women ◽

Before And After

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Substance use disorders, psychiatric disorders, and mortality after release from prison: a nationwide longitudinal cohort study

The Lancet Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/s2215-0366(15)00088-7 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2 (5) ◽

pp. 422-430 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

Zheng Chang ◽

Paul Lichtenstein ◽

Henrik Larsson ◽

Seena Fazel

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Psychiatric Disorders ◽

Substance Use Disorders ◽

Longitudinal Cohort Study ◽

Longitudinal Cohort ◽

Release From Prison

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Non-compliance with COVID-19-related public health measures among young adults: Insights from a longitudinal cohort study

10.31235/osf.io/8edbj ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Amy Nivette ◽

Denis Ribeaud ◽

Aja Louise Murray ◽

Annekatrin Steinhoff ◽

Laura Bechtiger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Young Adults ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Self Control ◽

Longitudinal Cohort Study ◽

Longitudinal Cohort ◽

Health Measures ◽

Antisocial Youth ◽

Low Self Control ◽

Prospective Longitudinal

Background: Do young adults have low compliance rates with public health measures aimed at curbing the spread of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)? This paper leverages a prospective-longitudinal cohort study with data before and during the pandemic to examine this question.Methods: Data came from an ongoing cohort study (n=737). Non-compliance with public health measures and concurrent correlates were measured at age 22. Antecedent sociodemographic, social, and psychological factors were measured at ages 15-20.Findings: Young adults generally complied with COVID-19 public health measures, although compliance with some measures (e.g., cleaning/disinfecting mobile phones, standing 1.5-2 meters apart) was relatively lower. Non-compliance, especially with hygiene-related measures, was more prevalent in males, and in individuals with higher education, higher SES, and a non- migrant background. Non-compliance was associated with “antisocial potential,” including pre-pandemic low acceptance of moral rules, legal cynicism, low shame/guilt, low self-control, engagement in delinquent behaviors, and association with delinquent peers. Young adults with low trust, including in the government’s measures for fighting the virus, also complied less.Interpretation: In order to increase voluntary compliance with COVID-19 measures, public health campaigns should implement strategies that foster moral obligation and trust in authorities, or leverage trustworthy individuals in the community to disseminate information. For young adults with low self-control, self-monitoring, environmental restructuring, or nudging may increase compliance. Long-term investments into integrating antisocial youth into society may decrease rule-breaking behaviors, including during pandemics when compliance saves lives.

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