scholarly journals Addressing the polypharmacy challenge in older people with multimorbidity (APOLLO-MM): study protocol for an in-depth ethnographic case study in primary care

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. e031601
Author(s):  
Deborah Swinglehurst ◽  
Nina Fudge
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Ethnographic Case Study ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Organisational Routines ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Institutional Contexts ◽  
Field Notes

IntroductionPolypharmacy is on the rise. It is burdensome for patients and is a common source of error and adverse drug reactions, especially among older adults. Health policy advises clinicians to practicemedicines optimisation—a person-centred approach to safe, effective medicines use. There has been little research exploring older patients’ perspectives and priorities around medicines-taking or their actual practices of fitting medicines into their daily lives and how these are shaped by the wider context of healthcare.Methods and analysisWe will conduct an in-depth multisite ethnographic case study. The study is based in seven clinical sites (three general practices and four community pharmacies) and includes longitudinal ethnographic follow-up of older adults, organisational ethnography and participatory methods. Main data sources include field notes of observations in the home and clinical settings; interviews with patients and professionals; cultural probe activities; video recordings of clinical consultations and interprofessional talk; documents. Our analysis will illuminate the everyday practices of polypharmacy from a range of lay and professional perspectives; the institutional contexts within which these practices play out and the sense-making work that sustains—or challenges—these practices. Our research will adopt a ‘practice theory’ lens, drawing on the sociology of organisational routines and other relevant social theory guided by ongoing iterative data analysis.Ethics approvalThe study has HRA approval and received a favourable ethical opinion from the Leeds West Research Ethics Committee (IRAS project ID: 205517; REC reference 16/YH/0462).DisseminationAside from academic outputs, our findings will inform the development of recommendations for practice and policy including an interactive e-learning resource. We will also work with service users to co-design patient/public engagement resources.

scholarly journals Young children’s digital literacy practices in the sociocultural contexts of their homes

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 472-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristiina Kumpulainen ◽  
Heidi Sairanen ◽  
Alexandra Nordström
Keyword(s):  
Emergent Literacy ◽  
Digital Literacy ◽  
Literacy Practices ◽  
Literacy Learning ◽  
Learning Opportunities ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Field Notes ◽  
Sociocultural Contexts

This socioculturally framed case study investigates the digital literacy practices of two young children in their homes in Finland. The aim is to generate new knowledge about children’s digital literacy practices embedded in their family lives and to consider how these practices relate to their emergent literacy learning opportunities. The study asks two questions, ‘How do digital technologies and media inform the daily lives of children in their homes? Moreover, how do the sociocultural contexts of homes mediate children’s digital literacy practices across operational, cultural, critical and creative dimensions of literacy?’ The empirical data collection drew on the ‘day-in-the-life’ methodology, using a combination of video recordings, photographs, observational field notes and parent interviews. The data were subjected to thematic analysis following an ethnographic logic of enquiry. The findings make visible how children’s digital literacy practices are intertwined in families’ everyday activities, guided by parental rules and values. The study demonstrates children’s operational, cultural and creative digital literacy practices. The study also points out the need for more attention to children’s critical engagement in their digital literacy practices.

Creating Spaces for Critical Literacy for Bilingual Learners

2018 ◽  
pp. 28-46
Author(s):  
So Jung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Critical Literacy ◽  
Literacy Practices ◽  
Korean Language ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Field Notes ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Audio Video

With heightened emphasis on critical literacy pedagogies, attention to critical literacy for young children (CLYC) has rapidly increased. Yet, there is a paucity of studies examining CLYC in bilingual settings, particularly in Pre-K contexts. Utilizing a qualitative case study design, the current study examined how early critical literacy can be implemented as a medium to help young bilinguals critique texts and develop critical perspectives about race and gender. The study was conducted in a kindergarten classroom at the Korean Language School in a Midwestern city in the US. The data were collected over a semester using multiple collection sources including audio/video recordings, observational field notes, interviews, and children's artifacts. Findings suggest the potential of early critical literacy practices in bilingual contexts to open critical conversations about race and gender with young children. The study also provides teachers with tips on how to create supportive literary environments for young bilingual children.

Creating Spaces for Critical Literacy for Bilingual Learners

2019 ◽  
pp. 1303-1321
Author(s):  
So Jung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Critical Literacy ◽  
Literacy Practices ◽  
Korean Language ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Field Notes ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Audio Video

With heightened emphasis on critical literacy pedagogies, attention to critical literacy for young children (CLYC) has rapidly increased. Yet, there is a paucity of studies examining CLYC in bilingual settings, particularly in Pre-K contexts. Utilizing a qualitative case study design, the current study examined how early critical literacy can be implemented as a medium to help young bilinguals critique texts and develop critical perspectives about race and gender. The study was conducted in a kindergarten classroom at the Korean Language School in a Midwestern city in the US. The data were collected over a semester using multiple collection sources including audio/video recordings, observational field notes, interviews, and children's artifacts. Findings suggest the potential of early critical literacy practices in bilingual contexts to open critical conversations about race and gender with young children. The study also provides teachers with tips on how to create supportive literary environments for young bilingual children.

Using the Interactive Whiteboard to Stimulate Active Learning in School Science

2010 ◽  
pp. 102-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Hennessy ◽  
Rosemary Deaney ◽  
Chris Tooley
Keyword(s):  
Active Learning ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
School Science ◽  
Interactive Whiteboards ◽  
Secondary Teacher ◽  
Pedagogical Strategies ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Field Notes ◽  
The Uk

This case study is set in the context of an extraordinarily rapid influx of interactive whiteboards in schools in the UK. The focus is on pedagogical strategies used to harness the functionality of this powerful technology to support teaching and learning in science. The study offers a vivid example of how one expert secondary teacher used the IWB technology and other digital resources to support “active learning” about the process of photosynthesis by a class of students aged 14-15. Collaborative thematic analysis of digital video recordings, teacher diary, field notes and post-lesson interview data from a sequence of six lessons yielded detailed, theorized descriptions of the teacher’s own rationale. The chapter concludes by highlighting a multimedia resource produced as an outcome of this case study in order to support professional development of practitioners working in other contexts.

scholarly journals Developing Children’s Cultural Identities Through Play

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-257
Author(s):  
Winnie Sin Wai PUI ◽  
ZHANG Heyi ◽  
DING Ming ◽  
ZHONG Cai E
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Qualitative Case Study ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Cultural Identities ◽  
Global Mindset ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Whole Person ◽  
Curriculum Framework ◽  
Field Notes

Play is an important vehicle for developing literacy, cognition, and social competence in early years settings. In this paper, a qualitative case study in a private kindergarten in China indicated how children could learn and appreciate their own culture in a thoughtfully designed play-based setting. Thirty kindergarten teachers from 15 classes consisting of 431 children in total participated in this study. Based on field notes, audio and video recordings, and teachers’ self-reflective notes, the study explored the play-based setting within a curriculum framework, i.e. the Early-years Whole-person Global-mindset Curriculum Framework (ewgc). The results showed that the play-based setting supported young children to form their own cultural identities and enhanced children’s development in general.

scholarly journals The contribution of school culture to the learner success factors in e-learning

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
R. Chusnu Yuli Setyo ◽  
Suharsono Suharsono ◽  
Oikurema Purwati
Keyword(s):  
School Culture ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
School Level ◽  
Ethnographic Case Study ◽  
Performance Culture ◽  
Critical Success ◽  
Learning Success ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Learner Success

<p>This study aimed to portray how a school culture contributed to the learner success factors in e-learning in the middle school level. The ethnographic case study design was applied to explore the school culture and the e-learning success factors more deeply and holistically. The data were collected through observations and in-depth interviews. The cross-case analysis was used to interpret the data. The subjects of the study were four students who won in the national e-learning competition and the setting of the institution was in SMP Tentara Genie Pelajar (TGP) in Malang. The fundamental finding of the study, that might not be found in other research, was that the high-academic performance culture of this school gave an indirect contribution to the students’ e-learning success factors, such as the students’ motivation, the students’ e-learning self-efficacy, the students’ prior knowledge on the e-learning technical competency, and the students’ interaction and collaboration. This study gave a big implication because an ethnographic case study on the e-learning critical success factors might be never done in Indonesia before.</p>

scholarly journals The Implementation of Hybrid Computer Mediated Collaborative Learning (HCMCL) for Promoting Students’ Critical Thinking at IAIN Salatiga, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arab World English Journal ◽  
Mashlihatul Umami ◽  
Mursid Saleh ◽  
Januarius Mujiyanto ◽  
Sri Wuli Fitriati
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Ethnographic Case Study ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Computer Mediated ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
Complex Skills ◽  
Field Notes ◽  
Hybrid Computer ◽  
Key Dimensions

This article stresses on answering the questions on how HCMCL implemented for promoting students’ critical thinking, and how the students’ potentials of critical thinking in the aspects of communication, reasoning, and self-reflection promoted in the class. The ethnographic-case study was undertaken in writing skills. Descriptive- Qualitative is used to analyze the findings. The data gathered from in-depth interview, field notes, questionnaires and students’ documents. The finding reveals that the lecturer considered the four key dimensions of time, fidelity, space, and humanness in its implementation. The data also reveals that HCMCL can promote students potentials of critical thinking in communication, reasoning, and self reflection. However, some points needed to be improved by the learners in the first aspect especially related with linguistics conventions. HCMCL provides the chances for the learners to communicate with their peers and other members of group to complete the tasks. This process demand the students to work in a group which requires another set of complex skills; students needed to manage interdependence with others and to reconcile differences for mutual benefit.

Intergenerational Dynamics in Teenage Alcohol use

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morten Hulvej Jørgensen ◽  
Tine Curtis
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Ethnographic Case Study ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Friendship Groups ◽  
Ethnographic Fieldwork ◽  
Field Notes ◽  
N 93 ◽  
And Control

Aim The paper examines teenage alcohol use from an intergenerational perspective through an ethnographic case study of interaction between teenagers and adults. Methods Two periods of ethnographic fieldwork were conducted in a rural Danish community of approximately 6000 inhabitants. The fieldwork included 50 days of participant observation among 13–16-year-olds (n=93) as well as semi-structured interviews with small self-selected friendship groups. The present paper presents an analysis of field notes from a night of participant observation that is used as an emblematic example of informants' alcohol use and their interaction with adults. Theoretically, the paper adopts French philosopher Michel de Certeau's conceptual framework for understanding the practice of everyday life, in particular his distinction between strategic and tactical action. Results Two scenarios are described and taken to represent two different adult approaches to teenage drinking. In Scenario I, adults accept a group of teenagers' drinking in the home, and in Scenario II adults create an alcohol-free space which they guard against the intrusion of intoxicated teenagers. In both cases, however, adults use their intergenerational position in order to strategically contain teenage drinking. Meanwhile, teenagers act tactically by adjusting their alcohol use in time and space. Further, the use of alcohol marks a shift in the interaction between adults and teenagers in so far as it enables teenagers to create and control a place of their own and hence signal their independence from adults. Conclusion The paper points to the creative, tactical agency of teenagers in response to adult strategies. It is illustrated how teenage alcohol use becomes a transformative factor for adult–teenager relationships, and in particular how teenagers rework intergenerational power differences by taking on drinking.

scholarly journals Investigators Reflections on the Process and Experience of a Mini-Ethnographic Case Study Research in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezenwayi Amaechi ◽  
Patricia Fusch
Keyword(s):  
Women Entrepreneurs ◽  
Case Study Research ◽  
Research Process ◽  
The Body ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Ethnographic Case Study ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Study Research ◽  
Field Notes

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the investigator's reflections, both prospective and retrospective, on the process and experience of conducting a mini-ethnographic case study research in Nigeria. The research titled “Exploring barriers to women entrepreneurs in Enugu State Nigeria” was written to add to the body of knowledge on barriers facing some small-scale women entrepreneurs in the marketplaces in Nigeria. A mini-ethnographic case study design was used for this study, this methodology is a combination of ethnography and case study research that can assist a researcher to gain an in-depth understanding of a phenomenon. The data collection methods used for this study included open-ended semi-structured interviews, direct observation, reflective journaling, and field notes. Reflection enables investigators to engage in self-analysis throughout the research process. Reflections and experiences in the three marketplaces where the research took place, including interactions with the gatekeepers as well as the women entrepreneurs who shared their lived experiences, will be discussed.

scholarly journals Challenges in enabling aging-in-place initiatives in aging and shrinking Japanese cities: a case of the Gifu suburbs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoko Kubo ◽  
Nobuhiko Komaki ◽  
Kensaku Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Aging In Place ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Perceived Barriers ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Residential Environments ◽  
Family Housing ◽  
Bus Service ◽  
Municipal Level

This study first reviewed previous literature on 1) the residential environments and everyday lives of older adults to examine universal factors enabling aging-in-place initiatives, and 2) the generation and outcomes of aging and shrinking suburbs in the Japanese context, via comparisons with case studies in Western cities. A case study was then conducted in the suburbs of Gifu to provide a clear impression of older adults’ daily lives and their perceived barriers in aging and shrinking suburbs in Japan. Finally, we discussed challenges involved in enabling aging-in-place initiatives whose major goal is to provide residential environments in which older adults can maintain continuous residency in their attached homes and neighborhoods in Japanese cities. The case study revealed that many older adults wished to continue living in their homes and neighborhoods. Diversification of accessible support in families and modification of interrelationships among family, housing, and welfare can contribute to adjustments in later life. Systems to support mobility after ceasing driving should be examined in more detail, because older adults were not satisfied with bus service quality, resulting in individuals postponing the decision to cease driving. To enable aging-in-place initiatives in Japan, cooperation among different ministries in national government and divisions at the municipal level is necessary.

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