scholarly journals Hepatitis Service Provision at HMP Birmingham: Progressing a Previous Service Improvement Plan

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. e000192
Author(s):  
Tooba Arif
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Prison Population ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Service Improvement ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Improvement Plan ◽  
Opt Out ◽  
Testing Coverage

IntroductionHepatitis B is a vaccine-preventable disease, and hepatitis C is amenable to treatment. Both are highly prevalent in the prison population. This project provides a comprehensive evaluation of current hepatitis services at Her Majesty’s Prison Birmingham, assessing progress since previous work and proposing further suggestions for improvement.MethodsA review of hepatitis services was undertaken in 2013, in the context of underperformance against national targets. This revealed that the hepatitis B vaccination and hepatitis C testing coverage was 22% and 0%, respectively. A resulting service improvement plan included interventions such as the development of a bloodborne virus (BBV) policy, implementing opt-out testing and introducing dried blood spot testing for ease of administration. In 2015, national guidelines were used to evaluate current practice, with comparison to previous practice. The indicators assessed included BBV policy, vaccination and testing protocols, prisoner education and reporting of results. Discussions were held with prison stakeholders to address areas that required development, producing a revised action plan.ResultsHepatitis services were available to all prisoners starting their sentence in 2015, n=4998. Testing was offered on an opt-out basis to all entrants, increasing the testing coverage by 7.6% from 2013. Vaccination was offered to 57% of entrants, with coverage slightly lower than 2013, largely due to prisoner refusal. In light of this, many strategies were devised to educate prisoners, increase opportunities to receive testing and vaccination, and decrease the risk of patients being lost to follow-up. An update in 2016 saw progress in many of these areas.DiscussionBeing in prison provides offenders with stability in their lifestyle and easier access to healthcare services. By optimising these services in line with national guidance, and implementing specific strategies to encourage uptake of hepatitis testing and vaccination, we may be better able to serve this vulnerable sector of the population.

Opt-out screening for HIV, hepatitis B and hepatitis C: observational study of screening acceptance, yield and treatment outcomes

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Conor Grant ◽  
Sarah O'Connell ◽  
Darren Lillis ◽  
Anne Moriarty ◽  
Ian Fitzgerald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Screening Programme ◽  
Linkage To Care ◽  
Opt Out ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Lost To Follow Up ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Test Result

BackgroundWe initiated an emergency department (ED) opt-out screening programme for HIV, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) at our hospital in Dublin, Ireland. The objective of this study was to determine screening acceptance, yield and the impact on follow-up care.MethodsFrom July 2015 through June 2018, ED patients who underwent phlebotomy and could consent to testing were tested for HIV, HBV and HCV using an opt-out approach. We examined acceptance of screening, linkage to care, treatment and viral suppression using screening programme data and electronic health records. The duration of follow-up ranged from 1 to 36 months.ResultsOver the 36-month study period, there were 140 550 ED patient visits, of whom 88 854 (63.2%, 95% CI 63.0% to 63.5%) underwent phlebotomy and 54 817 (61.7%, 95% CI 61.4% to 62.0%) accepted screening for HIV, HBV and HCV, representing 41 535 individual patients. 2202 of these patients had a positive test result. Of these, 267 (12.1%, 95% CI 10.8% to 13.6%) were newly diagnosed with an infection and 1762 (80.0%, 95% CI 78.3% to 81.7%) had known diagnoses. There were 38 new HIV, 47 new HBV and 182 new HCV diagnoses. 81.5% (95% CI 74.9% to 87.0%) of known patients who were not linked were relinked to care after screening. Of the new diagnoses, 86.2% (95% CI 80.4 to 90.8%) were linked to care.ConclusionAlthough high proportions of patients had known diagnoses, our programme was able to identify many new infected patients and link them to care, as well as relink patients with known diagnoses who had been lost to follow-up.

Prevalence and Risk Factors for Bloodborne Exposure and Infection in Correctional Healthcare Workers

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robyn R. M. Gershon ◽  
Martin Sherman ◽  
Clifford Mitchell ◽  
David Vlahov ◽  
Melissa J. Erwin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus Infection ◽  
Job Duties ◽  
Correctional Healthcare

Objective.To determine the prevalence and risk factors for bloodborne exposure and infection in correctional healthcare workers (CHCWs).Design.Cross-sectional risk assessment study with a confidential questionnaire and serological testing performed during 1999-2000.Setting.Correctional systems in 3 states.Results.Among 310 participating CHCWs, the rate of percutaneous injury (PI) was 32 Pis per 100 person-years overall and 42 Pis per 100 person-years for CHCWs with clinical job duties. Underreporting was common, with only 25 (49%) of 51 Pis formally reported to the administration. Independent risk factors for experiencing PI included being age 45 or older (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.41 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.31-4.46]) and having job duties that involved needle contact (aOR, 3.70 [95% CI, 1.28-10.63]) or blood contact (aOR, 5.05 [95% CI, 1.45-17.54]). Overall, 222 CHCWs (72%) reported having received a primary hepatitis В vaccination series; of these, 150 (68%) tested positive for anti-hepatitis B surface antigen, with negative results significantly associated with receipt of last dose more than 5 years previously. Serologic markers of hepatitis В virus infection were identified in 31 individuals (10%), and the prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection was 2% (n = 7). The high hepatitis B vaccination rate limited the ability to identify risk factors for infection, but hepatitis C virus infection correlated with community risk factors only.Conclusion.Although the wide coverage with hepatitis B vaccination and the decreasing rate of hepatitis C virus infection in the general population are encouraging, the high rate of exposure in CHCWs and the lack of exposure documentation are concerns. Continued efforts to develop interventions to reduce exposures and encourage reporting should be implemented and evaluated in correctional healthcare settings. These interventions should address infection control barriers unique to the correctional setting.

Seroprevalence of Blood Borne Pathogens among Health Care Workers and Their Hepatitis B Vaccination Status in Tertiary Care Hospitals in India

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Dafei ◽  
Shiv K. Sarin ◽  
Anjur T. Kannan ◽  
Kamal Agrawal ◽  
Suneela Garg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospitals ◽  
Anti Hiv

<p><strong>BACKGROUND &amp; AIM: </strong>Occupational exposure to blood-borne pathogens, mainly human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV), poses a serious risk to healthcare workers (HCWs), especially in developing countries, due to the high prevalence of these pathogens and fewer safety precautions. The aim of this study was to investigate the seroprevalence of HBV, HCV, and HIV infections and to measure the vaccination practices in HCWs at three tertiary care hospitals in Delhi, India.</p><p><strong>METHOD:</strong> In a descriptive (cross-sectional) study, the HCWs of three tertiary hospitals were selected by simple random sampling and divided into four different groups (nurses, laboratory and operational theater technicians, doctors and housekeeping workers). The participants were screened for the presence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs Ag), antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti HBs), antibody to hepatitis C (anti HCV), and antibody to HIV (anti HIV). From June 2010 to April 2012, a structured questionnaire was administered to 850 HCWs after obtaining consent.</p><p><strong>RESULTS: </strong>Among 850 HCWs, 51.8% were nurses and 50.6% were female with a mean (SD) age of 34(8.7) years.  The overall seroprevalence of HBsAg, anti-HCV, and anti-HIV was 1.1%, 0.3%, and 0.1%, respectively. There was a high proportion of HBsAg positivity among housekeeping workers (4.9%) followed by nurses (3.3%). Out of 9 positive cases of HBsAg, 66% (6) were never vaccinated and out of a total of 11 positive subjects, 72 % (8) had previous exposure in the workplace. Complete HBV vaccination was done in 78.2% (605) of the HCWs and 11.3% (75) were partially vaccinated. Only 20.1% had checked their anti-HBs. Protective (&gt;10 IU/mL) anti-HBs was seen in 70.6% (600) of the participants, indicating that nearly one third of HCWs were not protected against HBV infection. The majority of the study subjects (63.6%) believed that they were immunized against hepatitis B and did not need to check the immunity titer.</p><p><strong>CONCLUSION: </strong>Not all HCWs were vaccinated and the majority of vaccinated subjects did not know their immunity level. Housekeeping workers had a high seropositivity rate of infections and a low rate of vaccination against HBV. Institutional policy and training were found to be of paramount importance to improve the quality of health in HCWs.</p>

Antibody Level after Hepatitis B Vaccination in Hemodialysis Patients: Influence of Hepatitis C Virus Infection

1996 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan F. Navarro ◽  
Jos&eacute; L. Teruel ◽  
Maria L. Mateos ◽  
Roberto Marcen ◽  
Joaqu&iacute;n Ortu&ntilde;o
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Antibody Level ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus Infection

scholarly journals Prospective study of hepatitis B vaccination in patients with chronic hepatitis C

BMJ ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 312 (7042) ◽  
pp. 1336-1337 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Wong ◽  
T. G Wreghitt ◽  
G. J M Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination

scholarly journals A systematic review of outbreaks of bloodborne infections (hepatitis B and C, HIV) transmitted from patient to patient in healthcare settings

2021 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-330
Author(s):  
A. V. Sacuk ◽  
G. G. Solopova ◽  
A. A. Ploskireva
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Diabetes Diagnosis ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Bloodborne Infections

Healthcare facilities have always played an important role in transmission of bloodborne infections. Procedures involving blood and blood fluids pose a risk of transmitting hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV not only to healthcare workers, but also to patients. To assess the role of healthcare facilities in transmission of bloodborne infections and to identify risk groups among patients as well as transmission factors, a total of 75 outbreaks of hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV have been analyzed with reference to the data published in different countries in 2008–2020. The comparative analysis was conducted for the outbreaks in the United States during 1992–2008 and 2008–2019. Most of the outbreaks of bloodborne infections at healthcare facilities were caused by non-adherence to standard precautions among healthcare workers: Reusing disposable items; improper handwashing; reusing gloves; non-disinfecting surfaces, reusable equipment and devices; non-sterilizing reusable instruments. In terms of bloodborne infections, high-risk facilities include hemodialysis centers, oncohematology clinics, outpatient clinics, nursing homes, residential care facilities, and diabetes treatment centers. High-risk groups include patients undergoing hemodialysis, oncohematological patients, and patients with diabetes. Diagnosis of bloodborne infections on a regular basis, hepatitis B vaccination among high-risk patients, investigation of outbreaks, adoption of rules and procedures combined with training and compliance control of healthcare workers contribute to solution of the problem associated with nosocomial transmission of bloodborne infections.

scholarly journals Hepatitis A and Hepatitis B Vaccination Coverage Among Persons Who Inject Drugs and Have Evidence of Hepatitis C Infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 134 (6) ◽  
pp. 651-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Koepke ◽  
Danielle N. Sill ◽  
Wajiha Z. Akhtar ◽  
Kailynn P. Mitchell ◽  
Sheila M. Guilfoyle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccine ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Persons Who Inject Drugs ◽  
Immunization Registry ◽  
Increased Risk

Objectives: Despite recommendations for vaccination against hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) for all adults at increased risk of infection, several US states have reported increases in HAV and HBV infections among persons who inject drugs. We investigated hepatitis A and hepatitis B vaccination coverage among a sample of persons who reported injecting drugs and had evidence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Methods: We searched the Wisconsin Immunization Registry for the vaccination records of persons who underwent HCV testing at syringe services programs from January 1 through August 31, 2018, and were reported to the Wisconsin Division of Public Health as having positive HCV antibody test results and a history of injection drug use. We calculated the percentage of persons who were vaccinated according to national recommendations. Results: Of 215 persons reported, 204 (94.9%) had a client record in the Wisconsin Immunization Registry. Of these 204 persons, 66 (32.4%) had received ≥1 dose of hepatitis A vaccine, 46 (22.5%) had received 2 doses of hepatitis A vaccine, and 115 (56.4%) had received 3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine. Hepatitis B vaccine coverage decreased with increasing age, from 88.0% (22 of 25) among adults aged 20-24 to 30.3% (10 of 33) among adults aged 35-39. Conclusions: These findings suggest that most persons who inject drugs in Wisconsin are susceptible to HAV infection and that most persons aged ≥35 who inject drugs are susceptible to HBV infection. In addition to routine vaccination of children, targeted hepatitis vaccination programs should focus on adults who inject drugs to help prevent future infections.

Hepatitis B vaccination in patients with chronic liver disease secondary to hepatitis C virus infection (CLDC)

2002 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 229
Author(s):  
Cristiane Both ◽  
Eliana Gomes ◽  
Claudio Alexandre ◽  
Jose Remiao ◽  
Gabriela Coral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Chronic Liver Disease ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus Infection
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