Correction: surgery and long-term medication (September 24, p 73)

1984 ◽  
Vol 22 (25) ◽  
pp. 100-100
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Oral Dose ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Oral Drug ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Muscle Necrosis ◽  
Correction Surgery ◽  
Slow Absorption

Phenytoin: Our statement that the slow absorption of intramuscular phenytoin did not matter when substituting for the oral drug postoperatively was incorrect. Changing from oral to intramuscular administration risks a fall in plasma concentration because of the slow absorption from muscle. Changing back to oral administration would then risk toxicity as the drug was slowly released from muscle. Restarting with a smaller oral dose can prevent this. However, intramuscular phenytoin can cause muscle necrosis. These disadvantages of intramuscular phenytoin are not mentioned in the data sheet, but should be. Slow intravenous injection (50 mg or less/minute) once daily is a better alternative, but requires monitoring of the pulse, blood pressure and respiration.

ABPM Comparison of the Anti-Hypertensive Profiles of Telmisartan and Enalapril in Patients with Mild-to-Moderate Essential Hypertension

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 543-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Amerena ◽  
S Pappas ◽  
J-P Ouellet ◽  
L Williams ◽  
D O'Shaughnessy
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Blood Pressure Monitoring ◽  
Study Drug ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Moderate Essential Hypertension ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Once Daily

In this multicentre, prospective, randomized, open-label, blinded-endpoint (PROBE) study, the efficacy of 12 weeks' treatment with once-daily telmisartan 40–80 mg and enalapril 10–20 mg was evaluated using ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) in 522 patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension. Patients were titrated to the higher dose of study drug at week 6 if mean seated diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was ≥ 90 mmHg. The primary endpoint was the change from baseline in ambulatory DBP in the last 6 h of the 24-h dosing interval after 12 weeks' treatment. Telmisartan and enalapril produced similar reductions from baseline in DBP and systolic blood pressure (SBP) over all ABPM periods evaluated (last 6 h, 24-h, daytime and night-time). Telmisartan produced a significantly greater reduction in mean seated trough DBP, measured unblinded with an automated ABPM device in the clinic, amounting to a difference of −2.02 mmHg ( P < 0.01). A significantly greater proportion of patients achieved a seated diastolic response with telmisartan than enalapril (59% versus 50%; P < 0.05), also measured with the same ABPM device. Both treatments were well tolerated. Compared with telmisartan, enalapril was associated with a higher incidence of cough (8.9% versus 0.8%) and hypotension (3.9% versus 1.1%). Therefore, telmisartan may provide better long-term compliance and, consequently, better blood pressure control than enalapril.

An alternative method for oral drug administration by voluntary intake in male and female mice

2020 ◽  
pp. 002367722095078
Author(s):  
Luísa Teixeira-Santos ◽  
António Albino-Teixeira ◽  
Dora Pinho
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Oral Drug Delivery ◽  
Oral Drug ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Administration Method ◽  
Voluntary Intake

Drug administration to experimental rodents is often invasive and stressful, thus reducing animal welfare and potentially confounding experimental results. Methods of oral drug delivery in which rodents cooperate voluntarily minimize stress, pain and morbidity. We herein describe a method for oral administration through voluntary intake of strawberry jam, developed for C57BL/6J mice. During a 3-day habituation period, animals were placed in individual cages once daily and presented with a drop of jam. Five days later, the jam was again offered with admixed drug. Mice ingested it in less than 5 min, with latency times below 1 min, confirming the suitability of the administration method.

Carteolol Treatment of Essential Hypertension: A Long-Term Study of Safety and Efficacy

1986 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 175-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert R Luther ◽  
Clemeth J Maurath ◽  
Michael J Klepper ◽  
Robert O Peckinpaugh ◽  
Gary L Ringham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Multicenter Trial ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Daily Dose ◽  
Baseline Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Oral Doses

The long-term safety and antihypertensive efficacy of carteolol were evaluated in an open-label, multicenter trial of 245 hypertensive patients. For those patients maintained on carteolol monotherapy, three months of treatment with once-daily oral doses of carteolol ranging from 2.5 to 60 mg reduced the mean recumbent blood pressure by 12/14 mm Hg from baseline values of 151/100. Blood pressure reductions observed at three months were maintained throughout the study. The final daily dose of carteolol for most patients was 10 mg or less. Carteolol was shown to be safe and well tolerated by most patients.

scholarly journals Effects of concurrent and staggered dosing of semi-solid enteral nutrients on pharmacokinetic behavior of antiepileptic drugs after oral administration in rats

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0259400
Author(s):  
Katsuhito Nagai ◽  
Yoshikazu Ryuno ◽  
Yoshihito Iwanami ◽  
Sachiko Omotani ◽  
Shuhei Fukuno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Interaction ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Nutrition Management ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Profiles ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Semi Solid ◽  
Enteral Nutrients

Background The use of enteral nutrients plays a highly important role in accurate nutrition management, but limited information is currently available on the cautionary points of semi-solid enteral nutrients. Aim In this study, we examined whether the pharmacokinetic profiles of sodium valproate (SVA), levetiracetam (LEV), and carbamazepine (CBZ) are affected by altering the dosing time of RACOL®-NF Semi Solid for Enteral Use (RASS), a prescribed semi-solid formula. We also investigated whether the pharmacokinetic interaction observed in this study can be avoided by staggered dosing of the chemical drug and semi-solid enteral nutrient. Methods The plasma concentration of SVA, LEV and CBZ after oral administration was measured by LC-MS/MS method. Results There was no difference in pharmacokinetic characteristics of SVA and LEV when the dosing time of RASS was altered. On the other hand, the plasma concentration of CBZ after oral administration at all sampling points decreased with the extension of the dosing time of RASS, which was consistent with the Cmax and AUC. However, no significant difference was observed in the pharmacokinetic profiles or parameters of CBZ between the short-term and long-term RASS dosing groups by prolonging the administered interval of CBZ and RASS for 2 hr. Conclusion We concluded that the pharmacokinetic profiles of CBZ, but not SVA and LEV, after its oral administration are affected by the dosing time of RASS, but staggered administration of CBZ and RASS prevented their interaction.

Effect of Long-Term, Once-Daily Administration of Atenolol on Ambulatory Blood Pressure of Hypertensive Patients

1981 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 958-964 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. Floras ◽  
John Vann Jones ◽  
Patricia Fox ◽  
Mohammed O. Hassan ◽  
Kathleen L. Turner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Ambulatory Blood Pressure ◽  
Daily Administration ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Hypertensive Patients

scholarly journals Differences in Tissue Distribution of Cyano–B12 and Hydroxo–B12 One Week after Oral Intake: An Experimental Study in Male Wistar Rats

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1487
Author(s):  
Eva Greibe ◽  
Ole Nymark ◽  
Sergey Fedosov ◽  
Christian Heegaard ◽  
Ebba Nexo
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Oral Dose ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Tissue Distribution ◽  
Single Oral Dose ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Oral Intake ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Foods contain natural vitamin B12 forms, such as hydroxo–B12 (HO–B12), whereas vitamin pills contain the synthetic cyano–B12 (CN–B12). Recent studies in rats showed different tissue distributions of CN–B12 and HO–B12 24 h after oral administration. Here, we investigate whether these differences are sustained or leveled out with time in both B12-deplete and -replete rats, thereby assessing if the two forms are equally good at maintaining a normal B12 status. Male Wistar rats were fed diets with low (n = 16) or high (n = 12) B12 content for 17 days. At day 10, the rats received a single oral dose of [57Co]-labeled CN–B12 or HO–B12 (n = 6 and n = 8, respectively, in each diet group). The rats were sacrificed on day 17 and endogenous B12 and [57Co]–B12 were measured in liver, kidney, and plasma. We found that the low-B12 diet introduced a B12-deplete state as judged from medians of endogenous B12 compared to rats on a (high-B12 diet): Plasma (565 (1410) pmol/L), liver (28.2 (33.2) pmol/g), and kidneys (123 (1300) pmol/g). One week after oral administration, the labeled B12 was distributed as follows: HO–B12 > CN–B12 (liver) and CN–B12 > HO–B12 (kidneys, plasma). The tissue/plasma ratios showed different equilibriums for labeled CN–B12 and HO–B12 in the B12-deplete and -replete groups. The equilibrium of endogenous B12 resembled [57Co]CN–B12 in replete rats but differed from both [57Co]CN–B12 and [57Co]HO–B12 in deplete rats. The data suggest long-term differences in tissue utilization of the two B12 forms and warrant further studies concerning the possible benefits of consuming HO–B12 instead of CN–B12 in oral B12 replacement.

Once-Daily Penbutolol or Atenolol Can Replace Combination Therapy in Essential Hypertension

1982 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
J J R Houtzagers ◽  
Dev R Chadha
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Moderate Hypertension ◽  
Standard Dose ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Single Agent ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Almost All

Antihypertensive therapy was stopped in twenty-one patients with moderate hypertension. Almost all of them had been on combination therapy, usually propranolol or metoprolol with chlorthalidone, for more than a year. After a placebo ‘wash-out’ period of 4 weeks patients were randomly allocated in a controlled trial to a fixed daily dose of either 100 mg atenolol or 40 mg penbutolol for 6 weeks. Single-agent therapy at these doses successfully controlled the blood pressure in nineteen of the twenty-one patients, including six previously inadequately controlled on a combination. Although no conclusions can be drawn about the long-term benefits, in the patient population under study either penbutolol or atenolol given at a standard dose should provide good initial blood pressure control in most patients with mild to moderate hypertension.

Effect of Long-Term, Once-Daily Administration of Atenolol, Metoprolol, Pindolol and Slow-Release Propranolol on Ambulatory Blood Pressure and its Variability

1982 ◽  
Vol 63 (s8) ◽  
pp. 459s-460s ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Floras ◽  
J. V. Jones ◽  
M. O. Hassan ◽  
P. Sleight
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Antihypertensive Agents ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Receptor Blockers ◽  
Β Receptor

1. Twenty-four-hour intra-arterial blood pressure recordings were made before and after chronic β-receptor blockade in 34 patients with essential hypertension. 2. Subjects were randomized in double blind fashion to either atenolol, metoprolol, pindolol or slow-release propranolol. 3. Drugs were administered in a once-daily variable dose regimen for a period of 3–8 months (mean 5.0 ± sd 1.4). 4. All four drugs reduced blood pressure significantly 24 h after the last dose but there were considerable differences in control when each intervening hour was assessed separately. 5. Not all β-receptor blockers in conventional formulations are equally effective as antihypertensive agents over 24 h when taken once daily.

Long-Term Treatment of Essential Hypertension with Nadolol and Hydrochlorothiazide: A Two-Year Follow-Up

1982 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
M M El-Mehairy ◽  
A Shaker ◽  
M Ramadan ◽  
S Hamza ◽  
S S Tadros
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Combined Therapy ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Supine Blood Pressure ◽  
End Of Treatment ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Adrenergic Blocker

After 3 weeks of placebo administration, thirty-two mildly or moderately hypertensive patients were treated with hydrochlorothiazide (HCZ) for 3 weeks, then with HCZ plus nadolol, a new beta-adrenergic blocker, for 2 years. The dose of HCZ was 50 mg once daily for all except two patients, who received 50 mg twice a day. The dose of nadolol ranged from 40 mg to 240 mg, once daily. The average supine blood pressure decreased from 182/110 mm Hg at the end of the placebo period to 170/104 mm Hg at the end of treatment with HCZ alone. Nadolol was added to the regimen, and the average supine blood pressure decreased further to 132/88 mm Hg at the end of 3 months of combined therapy. It remained essentially unchanged for the duration of the 2-year study, and no increases in the dosage of either drug were needed. Side-effects were mild, and none required a change in dosage. A once-daily dose of nadolol combined with HCZ appears to be safe and effective therapy for the long-term treatment of mild or moderate essential hypertension.

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