scholarly journals Liver structure and function following small bowel resection

Gut ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 438-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Gupta ◽  
G. Neale ◽  
R. H. Dowling
Keyword(s):  
Small Bowel ◽  
Bowel Resection ◽  
Small Bowel Resection ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Liver Structure ◽  
And Function

Region-specific adaptation of apical Na/H exchangers after extensive proximal small bowel resection

2002 ◽  
Vol 283 (4) ◽  
pp. G975-G985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark W. Musch ◽  
Cres Bookstein ◽  
Flavio Rocha ◽  
Alvaro Lucioni ◽  
Hongyu Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Bowel ◽  
Bowel Resection ◽  
Apical Membrane ◽  
Small Bowel Resection ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
Cell Protein ◽  
Regional Effects ◽  
Proximal Small Bowel ◽  
And Function ◽  
Massive Small Bowel Resection

After massive small bowel resection (MSBR), the remnant small intestine adapts to restore Na absorptive function. The possibility that this occurs through increases in cellular Na absorptive capacity was examined by assessing the regional effects of 50% proximal MSBR on the function and expression of the apical membrane Na/H exchangers (NHEs) NHE2 and NHE3. Morphometric analysis confirmed adaptive changes consistent with villus hypertrophy, particularly distal to the anastomosis. Villus epithelium prepared by light mucosal scrapings from 2-wk-postresected and -posttransected control rats exhibited comparable brush-border hydrolase activities, total cell protein per DNA, and villin expression but increased basolateral Na-K-ATPase activity. Parallel increases of two- to threefold in protein and mRNA abundance of NHE2 and NHE3 were observed only in ileal regions distal to the anastomosis of resected rats. Basolateral NHE1 expression was unchanged. After 80% resection, increases in NHE2 and NHE3 became evident in proximal colon. We conclude that increased enterocyte expression and function of apical membrane NHEs in regions distal to the anastomosis play a role in the adaptive process after MSBR. The increased luminal Na load to distal bowel regions after proximal resection may stimulate increases in apical membrane NHE gene transcription and protein expression.

Relation of Small Bowel Resection to Nutrition in Man

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 605-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.H. Kalser ◽  
J.L.A. Roth ◽  
H. Tumen ◽  
T.A. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Small Bowel ◽  
Bowel Resection ◽  
Small Bowel Resection

Histological examination of rat small intestine after surgical removal of obturation small bowel obstruction and peptide stimulation of lymph flow

2018 ◽  
pp. 157-162
Author(s):  
А.А. Коваленко ◽  
Г.П. Титова ◽  
В.К. Хугаева
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Small Bowel ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Lymph Flow ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
And Function

Оперативное лечение различных заболеваний кишечника сопровождается осложнениями в виде нарушений микроциркуляции в области анастомоза кишки. Ранее нами показана способность лимфостимуляторов пептидной природы восстанавливать нарушенную микроциркуляцию, что послужило основой для настоящего исследования. Цель работы - оценка влияния стимуляции лимфотока в стенке кишки на процессы восстановления микроциркуляции, структуры и функции тонкой кишки в области оперативного вмешательства. Методика. В экспериментах на наркотизированных крысах (хлоралгидрат в дозе 0,6 г/кг в 0,9% растворе NaCl) моделировали различные поражения тонкой кишки (наложение лигатуры, перевязка 1-3 брыжеечных артерий, перекрут петли кишки вокруг оси брыжейки, сочетание нескольких видов повреждений). Резекция поврежденного участка через 1 сут. с последующим созданием тонкокишечного анастомоза завершалась орошением операционного поля раствором пептида-стимулятора лимфотока (40 мкг/кг массы животного в 1 мл 0,9% раствора NaCl). На 7-е сут. после операции проводили гистологическое исследование фрагмента кишки в области анастомоза. Результаты. На 7-е сут. после резекции у выживших животных (летальность вследствие кишечной непроходимости составляла 30%) имеют место морфологические признаки острых сосудистых нарушений стенки кишки, изменений кровеносных и лимфатических микрососудов, интерстициальный отек всех слоев стенки кишки, дилатация просвета кишки, повреждение всасывающего эпителия ворсин с истончением щеточной каемки клеток, морфологические признаки гиперфункции бокаловидных клеток. Использование лимфостимулятора пептидной природы после операции увеличивало выживаемость животных на 24%. У части животных отмечалось уменьшение расширения просвета кишки, у других практически полная его нормализация. Восстанавливалась форма кишечных ворсин и распределение бокаловидных клеток. Отсутствовали признаки внутриклеточного и межмышечного отека. Отмечено умеренное полнокровие венул. Заключение. Использование лимфостимулятора при хирургическом лечении кишечной непроходимости увеличивает выживаемость животных на 24% по сравнению с контролем, способствует более раннему восстановлению структуры и функции тонкой кишки. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о перспективности использования стимуляции лимфотока при операциях на кишечнике. Surgical treatment of bowel diseases is associated with complications that cause microcirculatory disturbances in the anastomosis area and may lead to a fatal outcome. This study was based on our previous finding that peptide-type lymphatic stimulators are able to restore impaired microcirculation. The aim of this work was stimulating the lymph flow in the intestinal wall to facilitate recovery of microcirculation, structure and function of the small intestine in the area of surgical intervention. Methods. In experiments on anesthetized rats (0.6 g/kg chloral hydrate in 0.9% NaCl), various small bowel lesions were modeled (bowel ligation, ligation of 1-3 mesenteric arteries, gut torsion, combination of several lesion types). In 24 h, the damaged area was resected, and a small intestine anastomosis was creased. The surgery was completed with irrigation of the operative field with a solution of lymph flow stimulating peptide (40 мg/kg body weight in 1 ml of 0.9% NaCl). A gut fragment from the anastomosis area was examined histologically on day 7 after the surgery. Results. On the 7th day after removing the intestinal obstruction, the surviving animals (lethality 30%) had morphological signs of acute vascular disorders in the intestinal wall; changes in blood and lymphatic microvessels; interstitial edema of all intestinal wall layers; dilatation of the intestinal lumen; damage to the absorptive epithelium of villi with thinning of the brush border, and hyperfunction of mucous (goblet) cells. The use of the peptide after surgery increased the survival rate of animals by 24% and provided a smaller dilatation of the intestinal lumen in some animals. In other animals, the lumen recovered. The shape of intestinal villi and distribution of goblet cells were restored. Signs of intracellular and intermuscular edema were absent. Moderate venular congestion was noticed. Conclusion. Using the lymphatic stimulator in surgical treatment of intestinal obstruction increases the survival rate of animals by 24% compared to the control, facilitates earlier restoration of the small intestine structure and function. The obtained results indicated the effectiveness of lymphatic stimulation in intestinal surgery.

scholarly journals The effect of pre-resection obesity on post-resection body composition after 75% small bowel resection in rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Neesha S. Patel ◽  
Ujwal R. Yanala ◽  
Shruthishree Aravind ◽  
Roger D. Reidelberger ◽  
Jon S. Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Small Bowel ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Bowel Resection ◽  
Small Bowel Resection ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
Massive Resection ◽  
Obese Rats

AbstractIn patients with short bowel syndrome, an elevated pre-resection Body Mass Index may be protective of post-resection body composition. We hypothesized that rats with diet-induced obesity would lose less lean body mass after undergoing massive small bowel resection compared to non-obese rats. Rats (CD IGS; age = 2 mo; N = 80) were randomly assigned to either a high-fat (obese rats) or a low-fat diet (non-obese rats), and fed ad lib for six months. Each diet group then was randomized to either underwent a 75% distal small bowel resection (massive resection) or small bowel transection with re-anastomosis (sham resection). All rats then were fed ad lib with an intermediate-fat diet (25% of total calories) for two months. Body weight and quantitative magnetic resonance-determined body composition were monitored. Preoperative body weight was 884 ± 95 versus 741 ± 75 g, and preoperative percent body fat was 35.8 ± 3.9 versus 24.9 ± 4.6%; high-fat vs. low fat diet, respectively (p < 0.0001); preoperative diet type had no effect on lean mass. Regarding total body weight, massive resection produced an 18% versus 5% decrease in high-fat versus low-fat rats respectively, while sham resection produced a 2% decrease vs. a 7% increase, respectively (p < 0.0001, preoperative vs. necropsy data). Sham resection had no effect on lean mass; after massive resection, both high-fat and low-fat rats lost lean mass, but these changes were not different between the latter two rat groups. The high-fat diet and low-fat diet induced obesity and marginal obesity, respectively. The massive resection produced greater weight loss in high-fat rats compared to low-fat rats. The type of dietary preconditioning had no effect on lean mass loss after massive resection. A protective effect of pre-existing obesity on lean mass after massive intestinal resection was not demonstrated.

Pathophysiological correlates of two unique renal tubule lesions in rats with intestinal resection

2006 ◽  
Vol 291 (5) ◽  
pp. F1061-F1069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Worcester ◽  
Andrew Evan ◽  
Sharon Bledsoe ◽  
Mark Lyon ◽  
Mark Chuang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Small Bowel ◽  
Bowel Resection ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Intestinal Resection ◽  
Small Bowel Resection ◽  
Renal Tissue ◽  
Apical Surface ◽  
Crystal Deposition ◽  
Oxalate Excretion

Rats with small bowel resection fed a high-oxalate diet develop extensive deposition of calcium oxalate (CaOx) and calcium phosphate crystals in the kidney after 4 mo. To explore the earliest sites of renal crystal deposition, rats received either small bowel resection or transection and were then fed either standard chow or a high-oxalate diet; perfusion-fixed renal tissue from five rats in each group was examined by light microscopy at 2, 4, 8, and 12 wk. Rats fed the high-oxalate diet developed birefringent microcrystals at the brush border of proximal tubule cells, with or without cell damage; the lesion was most common in rats with both resection and a high-oxalate diet (10/19 with the lesion) and was significantly correlated with urine oxalate excretion ( P < 0.001). Rats with bowel resection fed normal chow had mild hyperoxaluria but high urine CaOx supersaturation; four of these rats developed birefringent crystal deposition with tubule plugging in inner medullary collecting ducts (IMCD). Two rats fed a high-oxalate diet also developed this lesion, which was correlated with CaOx supersaturation, but not oxalate excretion. Tissue was examined under oil immersion, and tiny birefringent crystals were noted on the apical surface of IMCD cells only in animals with IMCD crystal plugging. In one animal, IMCD crystals were both birefringent and nonbirefringent, suggesting a mix of CaOx and calcium phosphate. Overall, these animals demonstrate two distinct sites and mechanisms of renal crystal deposition and may help elucidate renal lesions seen in humans with enteric hyperoxaluria and stones.

Intestinal Structure and Function after Small Bowel by-Pass in the Rat

1972 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 731-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Gleeson ◽  
J. Cullen ◽  
R. H. Dowling
Keyword(s):  
Small Bowel ◽  
Migration Rate ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Intestinal Resection ◽  
Glucose Absorption ◽  
Turnover Time ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Intestinal Continuity ◽  
And Function

1. To study further the influence of luminal nutrition on small bowel structure and function, segments of rat jejunum and ileum were completely excluded from intestinal continuity by Thiry-Vella by-pass operations. The effect of partial deprivation of luminal nutrition was also studied in jejunal segments that had been surgically transposed to a distal position in the intestinal tract. 2. Macroscopically, by-passed jejunum and ileum both became narrowed and atrophic, whereas the intestine in continuity showed hypertrophic changes similar to those seen after intestinal resection. 3. In by-passed intestine the pattern of villi changed from mucosal ridges to ‘fingers’ and ‘leaves’. Although villous height and total mucosal thickness were both reduced, light microscopy showed that even 6 months after exclusion from intestinal continuity villous morphology was still retained. 4. Epithelial-cell migration rate and turnover time were diminished in both jejunum and ileum after by-pass. In intestine in continuity the migration rate was increased, but the turnover time remained the same as in controls. 5. In by-passed jejunum, in vivo glucose absorption diminished progressively with time, but did not change in excluded ileal segments. 6. After ileo-jejunal transposition, the jejunum showed no major morphological changes, but glucose absorption became significantly depressed. 7. These results further support the concept that intraluminal nutrition exerts a major influence on cell turnover, villous morphology and absorptive function in the small intestine.

Cocaine-induced mesenteric ischaemia requiring small bowel resection

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. e238593
Author(s):  
Asya Veloso Costa ◽  
Asiya Zhunus ◽  
Rehana Hafeez ◽  
Arsh Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Small Bowel ◽  
Social History ◽  
Bowel Resection ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Small Bowel Resection ◽  
Emergency Laparotomy ◽  
Mesenteric Ischaemia ◽  
Bowel Ischaemia ◽  
Systemic Complications ◽  
Gastrointestinal Complications

Cocaine use causes profound vasoconstriction leading to various systemic complications. Gastrointestinal complications such as mesenteric ischaemia are difficult to recognise and may result in serious consequences if not treated promptly. We report on the case of a 47-year-old man presenting with mesenteric ischaemia on a background of acute on chronic cocaine consumption, where diagnosis was not evident until second presentation. He underwent an emergency laparotomy with small bowel resection and jejunostomy formation and made a good recovery with eventual reversal surgery. The literature on cocaine-induced bowel ischaemia shows significant variability in presentation and outcome. Laboratory investigations are non-specific, and early recognition is vital. Given the increasing recreational use of cocaine in the UK, it is imperative to have a high clinical index of suspicion for mesenteric ischaemia in patients presenting with non-specific abdominal pain, and to ensure a detailed social history covering recreational drug use is not forgotten.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document