scholarly journals Prospective comparison of faecal incontinence grading systems

Gut ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
C J Vaizey ◽  
E Carapeti ◽  
J A Cahill ◽  
M A Kamm
Keyword(s):  
Faecal Incontinence ◽  
Clinical Impression ◽  
Clinical Validity ◽  
Diary Card ◽  
Medical Systems ◽  
Prospective Comparison ◽  
Grading Systems ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Faecal Urgency ◽  
Level Of Significance

BackgroundExisting scales for assessing faecal incontinence have not been validated against clinical assessment, or with regard to reproducibility. They also fail to take into account faecal urgency, and the use of antidiarrhoeal medications.AimsTo establish the validity, and sensitivity to change, of existing scales and a newly designed incontinence scale.Methods(1) Twenty three patients (21 females, median age 57 years) were prospectively evaluated by two independent clinical observers, using three established scales (Pescatori, Wexner, American Medical Systems), a newly devised scale which also includes details about urgency and antidiarrhoeal drugs, and by a 28 day diary. (2) A further 10 female patients were assessed by the same scales before and after surgery for faecal incontinence.Results(1) Assessments by two independent clinicians correlated well. All four scales and a diary card correlated highly and significantly with the clinical impression, with the new scale reaching the highest correlation (r=0.79, p<0.001). (2) All except one score changed significantly in response to surgical treatment; the new scale showed the greatest change, at the highest level of significance (p=0.004), and correlated best with the clinicians’ assessment of change (r=0.94, p<0.001).ConclusionsExisting scales for the assessment of faecal incontinence correlate well with careful clinical impression of severity, and serve as useful and reproducible measures for comparison of patients and treatments. A newly devised scale has shown high clinical validity and utility.

scholarly journals SACRAL NEUROMODULATION FOR THE TREATMENT OF FAECAL INCONTINENCE: FIRST STEPS IN LITHUANIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-95
Author(s):  
Saulius Švagždys ◽  
Mantas Vilčinskas ◽  
Justinas Vencius ◽  
Andrius Radžiūnas
Keyword(s):  
Functional State ◽  
Faecal Incontinence ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Sacral Neuromodulation ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Sacral Nerve ◽  
Before And After ◽  
First Results ◽  
Faecal Urgency ◽  
The Impact

Two female patients with faecal incontinence resistant to conservative treatment but improved after percutaneous tibial nerve neuromodulation were treated with sacral nerve neuromodulation in 2014. Quality of Life questionnaires were used in order to determine the impact of faecal incontinence on everyday life before and after the implantation of the stimulator. To evaluate the functional state, Wexner’s questionnaires were applied. Bowel movement diary was used to detect the improvement of faecal continence before and after temporary and permanent neuromodulation. The data were analyzed using a Statistical Package for Social Sciences program (SPSS, version 22.0). All values were given as mean ± SD. P-values less than 0.05 were accepted to indicate statistical significance. Both patients had a reduction in episodes of incontinence and soiling during a 3 week temporary nerve stimulation period as well as during 3 week followup after permanent stimulator implantation. Statistically significant elevation of faecal urgency frequency (p=0.031) was observed during temporary nerve stimulation. Reduction of episodes of faecal incontinence (p=0.001) and soiling (p=0.000) was observed after permanent stimulator implantation. Both patients presented an improvement in lifestyle, coping, depression and embarrassment as well as an improvement in functional state 3 weeks after the beginning of sacral nerve stimulation. Conclusions: The first results of sacral neuromodulation in patients with faecal incontinence are excellent and very promising. What does this paper add to the literature? The article describes the first Lithuanian experience applying the sacral nerve neuromodulation to treat faecal incontinence.

scholarly journals Evaluation of color stability of different temporary restorative materials

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 262-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Vitor Quinelli Mazaro ◽  
Luiz Miguel Minani ◽  
Adriana Cristina Zavanelli ◽  
Caroline Cantieri de Mello ◽  
Cleidiel Aparecido Araújo Lemos
Keyword(s):  
Storage Time ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Color Stability ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Acrylic Resins ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Restorative Materials ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Level Of Significance

AbstractIntroductionTemporary restorative materials are widely used, however, little is know about their color stability.Objectiveto evaluate the color stability of the following temporary restorative materials: acrylic and bis-acrylic resins after immersion in pigmenting solutions for different periods of storage.Material and methodFour materials were tested (Dêncor/Clássico, Protemp 4/3M ESPE; Structur 2 SC/Voco; Luxatemp AM Plus/DMG) and 30 test specimens (15 mm in diameter and 2 mm thick) per material were fabricated. They were divided according to the storage medium (artificial saliva, saliva + cola type soda, and saliva + coffee) and storage time intervals (2, 5, 7 and 15 days). Color measurements were made before and after immersions, with use of a spectrophotometer, by means of the CIE L*a*b* system. The data were analyzed by the analysis of variance and the Tukey Test, at a level of significance of 5%.ResultAcrylic resin presented greater color stability in comparison with bis-acrylic resins (p<0.001). When bis-acrylic resins were compared no significant difference was observed between the resins Structur and Luxatemp (p=0.767). As regards solutions tested, coffee showed the highest color change values (p<0.001), and the longer the storage time interval, the greater was the color change in all the temporary restorative materials analyzed (p<0.001).ConclusionAcrylic resin presented greater color stability in comparison with bis-acrylic resins (p<0.001). Coffee caused the greatest color change, and immersion time was determinant in color stability of the temporary materials analyzed.

scholarly journals Flexibility of K3 and ProTaper universal instruments

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 218-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Grazziotin-Soares ◽  
Flares Barato Filho ◽  
José Roberto Vanni ◽  
Susimara Almeida ◽  
Elias Pandonor Motcy de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Universal System ◽  
Universal Testing Machine ◽  
The Third ◽  
Universal Testing ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Flexible Instruments

This study used a mechanical test to evaluate the flexibility of instruments from the K3 (conicity 0.04) and the ProTaper Universal systems when they were new and after 5 uses in simulated canals. Five sets of instruments of each system were tested: K3 (15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 and 45) and ProTaper Universal (S1, S2, F1, F2, F3, F4 and F5). Each set of instruments was used to prepare a simulated canal and the same set of instruments was used 5 times (50 canals). The number of each subgroup represented the number of uses: 0 (control), 1, 3 and 5 uses. Before and after each use, the instruments were submitted to a mechanical flexibility test performed in a Versat 502 universal testing machine. Interactions between the instrument and the number of uses were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's test at a 5% level of significance. Instruments from both systems presented lower flexibility after the third use compared to the flexibility obtained after uses 0 and 1 (p<0.05), and maintained the same flexibility after the fifth use. The flexibility of instruments from the K3 system decreased with the increase of diameter, irrespective of the number of uses. Among the instruments from the ProTaper Universal system, the shaping files presented greater flexibility than the finishing files. F2 and F3 were the least flexible instruments, and F4 and F5 presented flexibility values similar to those of F1.

scholarly journals Availability of Job Rotation Requirements in Tabuk Educational Area (Girls): مدى توافر متطلبات التدوير الوظيفي في إدارة منطقة تبوك التعليمية (بنات)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marzouqah Hamoud Albalawi
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Educational Administration ◽  
Training And Development ◽  
Job Rotation ◽  
Arithmetic Average ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Training Courses ◽  
Female Employees ◽  
Systems Requirements ◽  
Level Of Significance

The current study aims at identifying the extent to which job rotation requirements are available in the educational administrations of Tabuk district (females). To achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher used the descriptive approach; while the questionnaire was used as a key tool to be distributed to the study’s community, which consists of all the directors, assistants and heads of departments in the educational administration of the Tabuk educational district, their number is (25). The results of the study showed the following: The general arithmetic average of all axes of the study questionnaire was (2.67). The overall arithmetic average for the first axis related to the availability of training and development capabilities in job rotation in the educational administrations of Tabuk district (2.77). The overall arithmetic average for the third axis related to the availability of the requirements of the career development strategy in career rotation in the educational administrations of Tabuk district was (2.77). The overall arithmetic average for the fourth axis related to the availability of systems requirements and functional procedures in the functional rotation in the educational administrations of Tabuk district was (2.66). The overall arithmetic average of the second axis related to the availability of job design requirements in the job rotation in the educational administrations of Tabuk district was (2.48). There were no statistically significant differences at the level of significance (α≤ 0.05) between the views of the study sample due to two variables (years of experience, functional level). In light of previous results, the study recommended the need to train female employees in the educational administrations of Tabuk district to accept the policy of career rotation through continuous dialogue between presidents and subordinates and holding seminars to explain this policy, as one of the methods developing expertise and skills. This training allows the management to overcome the most important obstacle to the application of the policy of career rotation, which is the fear of change. In addition, holding specialized training courses for female employees in the educational administrations of Tabuk district who are transferred before and after the rotation so that workers can be trained before taking the job transferred to them as well as provide them with the necessary knowledge to complete the work assigned to them.

scholarly journals Rapid maxillary expansion in the treatment of the functional posterior crossbite: joint noise and electromyographic activity analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Jesus Brandariz PIMENTEL ◽  
Laís Valencise MAGRI ◽  
Melissa de Oliveira MELCHIOR ◽  
Guido Artemio MARAÑÓN-VÁSQUEZ ◽  
Mirian Aiko Nakane MATSUMOTO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Masticatory Muscles ◽  
Rapid Maxillary Expansion ◽  
Electromyographic Activity ◽  
Maxillary Expansion ◽  
Posterior Crossbite ◽  
Stomatognathic System ◽  
End Of Treatment ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Electromyographic Analysis ◽  
Level Of Significance

Abstract Introduction The rapid maxillary expansion (RME) reduces the risk of developing structural and functional disorders in the stomatognathic system. Objective To examine the effects of the RME as a treatment for the posterior crossbite, related with the electromyographic activity of the masticatory muscles and the TMJ noises in a population of children. Material and method 13 girls and 7 boys, regardless of the type of malocclusion, with a mean age of 9 years old (± 3), were treated with RME. The electrovibratography analyzed the TMJ noise, and the electromyography analyzed the masticatory muscles before treatment (T0) and after three months of a short-term follow-up (T1). The comparisons of the affected and unaffected sides by the crossbite were performed using Mann-Whitney’s test, and to compare data before and after treatment the Wilcoxon’s test was used (level of significance: 5%). Result No significant differences were found in the parameters of joint noise in comparison to the sides affected and unaffected by the crossbite, in both T0 and T1 (p>0.05); only the side without the crossbite observed decrease in the peak amplitude of the joint noises after treatment. In the static electromyographic analysis, inter-side differences were observed before and after treatment, since the deliberate unilateral chewing showed greater asymmetry activity in T0 for both sides, which has been corrected after treatment, improving the functional chewing. Conclusion The proposed treatment did not lead to the occurrence of joint noises and improved the functional pattern of electromyographic activity during chewing at the end of treatment.

scholarly journals The Effect of Artificial Intelligence (Microbit) in Raising the Motivation Towards Learning Programming Among the Students of Educational Technology at King Abdulaziz University in Jeddah: أثر الذكاء الاصطناعي المايكروبت (Microbit) في رفع الدافعية نحو تعلُّم البرمجة لدى الطالبات في مقرر تقنيات التعليم بجامعة الملك عبد العزيز بجدة

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (30) ◽  
pp. 58-76
Author(s):  
Samaher Ahmed Al-Qarni, Amani Mohammed Omran Samaher Ahmed Al-Qarni, Amani Mohammed Omran
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Educational Technology ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Artificial Intelligence Techniques ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
King Abdulaziz University ◽  
Effective Role ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Learning Programming

The research seeks to know the effect of Artificial Intelligence (Microbit) in raising the motivation towards learning programming among the students of educational technology at King Abdulaziz University in Jeddah. The sample consisted of (14) students, and the research followed the quasi-experimental method for one experimental group. Also, a pre-measurement and post-measurement was done by using the motivation measure towards learning programming. The results of the research confirmed that there were statistically significant differences at the level of significance (0.001) between the results of students for their motivation towards learning programming before and after the use of the (Microbit) in favor of post-measurement. The research also recommended the importance of employing artificial intelligence techniques in curricula and academic projects for its effective role in making the education process active, improving the performance of male and female students and raising their motivation. As well as, preparing educational institutions and centers, and training teachers to work using artificial intelligence techniques, especially the Microbit device.

scholarly journals Clinical validity of two different grading systems for lumbar central canal stenosis: Schizas and Lee classification systems

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. e0233633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeon-jee Ko ◽  
Eugene Lee ◽  
Joon Woo Lee ◽  
Chi Young Park ◽  
Jungheum Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Canal ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Clinical Validity ◽  
Canal Stenosis ◽  
Grading Systems ◽  
Central Canal Stenosis

scholarly journals Microscopic colitis impacts quality of life in older people

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. e228092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olayinka Ayodele Ogundipe ◽  
Amy Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Faecal Incontinence ◽  
Institutional Care ◽  
Microscopic Colitis ◽  
Faecal Calprotectin ◽  
Treatment Considerations ◽  
Faecal Urgency ◽  
History Of ◽  
Rectal Biopsies

This report describes a frail 92-year-old woman with dementia who presented with a year’s history of chronic watery non-bloody diarrhoea. She had abdominal bloating, weight loss, faecal urgency, nocturnal stools and developed faecal incontinence. Her serum C reactive peptide and faecal calprotectin were elevated. Flexible sigmoidoscopy was macroscopically normal, but demonstrated histological features of microscopic colitis (MC) in sigmoid colon and rectal biopsies. Polypharmacy was reviewed for possible medication-induced MC. Ranitidine, donepezil and simvastatin were discontinued. She was started on oral budesonide with improvement in the abdominal and bowel symptoms. Stool frequency and consistency normalised, and the faecal incontinence resolved with treatment. The outcomes were an improved quality of life, reduced functional dependency, reduced carer strain and avoidance of premature transition from her home into a long-term/institutional care setting. We briefly review terminology, basic epidemiology, notable associations, the importance of establishing a diagnosis and some treatment considerations for MC.

scholarly journals ATR-FTIR Analysis and One-Week Stress Relaxation of Four Orthodontic Aligner Materials

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florina Jaggy ◽  
Spiros Zinelis ◽  
Georgios Polychronis ◽  
Raphael Patcas ◽  
Marc Schätzle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Stress Relaxation ◽  
Optical Microscopy ◽  
Shear Bands ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflection ◽  
Ftir Microscopy ◽  
Similar Chemical ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Rectangular Strips ◽  
Level Of Significance

The aim of this study was to estimate possible differences in the chemical composition and relaxation of orthodontic aligner materials. Four commercially available thermoplastic materials CAM (Scheu-Dental, Iserlohn, Germany), COP (Essix, Dentsply Raintree Essix Sarasota, FL, USA), DUR (Great Lakes Dental Technologies, Tonawanda, NY) and ERK (Erkodent Erich Kopp, Pfalzgrafenweiler Germany) were included in this study. Rectangular strips from each material were prepared according to the manufacturer’s instructions and subjected to attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy and stress relaxation characterization. The reduction in applied stress (RAS) after one week was estimated and statistically analyzed by one-way ANOVA at the 0.05 level of significance. All specimens were subjected to optical microscopy before and after stress relaxation testing under transmittance polarized illumination. ATR-FTIR microscopy revealed that all materials are made of polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) while no significant differences were identified in RAS values among materials tested, which ranged from 6%–10% (p ≥ 0.05). All samples illustrated the developments of shear bands during relaxation testing according to optical microscopy findings. The tested materials illustrated similar chemical composition and relaxation behavior and thus no differences in their clinical efficacy are anticipated.

scholarly journals A novel prediction of simulated fluid responsiveness by echocardiography assessment of tricuspid annulus tissue velocity with passive leg raising

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 270-276
Author(s):  
Erden Erol Ünlüer ◽  
Arif Karagöz ◽  
Serdar Bayata ◽  
Sibel Çatalkaya ◽  
Hüseyin Bozdemir
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Fluid Responsiveness ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Peak Systolic Velocity ◽  
Passive Leg Raising ◽  
Tricuspid Annulus ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Level Of Significance

Background: Fluid responsiveness can be predicted by the effect of passive leg raising on cardiac output. Objectives: This research aimed to compare the changes in cardiac output and the peak systolic velocity values of Tricuspid annulus velocity at the free wall (S’) before and after passive leg raising in healthy volunteers. Methods: The study was approved by ethical commission. The desired sample size was 28, and 57 volunteers were included after they signed informed consent. The first measurements, including vital signs, S’, and cardiac output, were taken with the participants lying supine and were performed in the morning after 12 h fast. The participants were then asked to lie in a semirecumbent position for 3 min. After 3 min, the head of the bed was lowered to the supine position and the participants’ legs were elevated at 45°. Secondary measurements were repeated in this position. The differences between vital signs, cardiac output, and S’ measurements before and after passive leg raising were statistically compared. The level of significance was set as p < 0.05. Results: The mean values of cardiac output and S’ before passive leg raising was 9.59 L/min and 11.57 cm/s, respectively; however, those increased to 11.44 L/min and 13.72 cm/s after passive leg raising. The average increases were 16.17% for cardiac output and 15.67% for S’. The changes of cardiac output and S’ were statistically significant. The changes of vital signs before and after passive leg raising were statistically insignificant. Conclusion: This study has demonstrated the concordance of rise in cardiac output with S’ change by passive leg raising in healthy subjects. Further studies are needed to validate the use of S’ values in critically ill subjects.

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