scholarly journals Severe sociopolitical stressors and preterm births in New York City: 1 September 2015 to 31 August 2017

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (12) ◽  
pp. 1147-1152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Krieger ◽  
Mary Huynh ◽  
Wenhui Li ◽  
Pamela D Waterman ◽  
Gretchen Van Wye
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Hispanic Women ◽  
Preterm Births ◽  
Central American ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
The Us

BackgroundSevere stressors can induce preterm birth (PTB; gestation <37 weeks), with such stressors including social and economic threats, interpersonal violence, hate crimes and severe sociopolitical stressors (ie, arising from political leaders’ threatening rhetoric or from political legislation). We analysed temporal changes in risk of PTB among immigrant, Hispanic and Muslim populations targeted in the US 2016 presidential election and its aftermath.MethodsTrend analysis of all singleton births in New York City from 1 September 2015 to 31 August 2017 (n=230 105).ResultsComparing the period before the US presidential nomination (1 September 2015 to 31 July 2016) to the post-inauguration period (1 January 2017 to 31 August 2017), the overall PTB rate increased from 7.0% to 7.3% (relative risk (RR): 1.04; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.07). Among Hispanic women, the highest post-inauguration versus pre-inauguration increase occurred among foreign-born Hispanic women with Mexican or Central American ancestry (RR: 1.15; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.31). The post-inauguration versus pre-inauguration PTB rate also was higher for women from the Middle East/North Africa and from the travel ban countries, although non-significant due to the small number of events.ConclusionSevere sociopolitical stressors may contribute to increases in the risk of PTB among targeted populations.

On Leaving and Joining Africanness Through Religion: The 'Black Caribs' Across Multiple Diasporic Horizons

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Christopher Johnson
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Central America ◽  
African Diaspora ◽  
York City ◽  
Religious Practice ◽  
Central American ◽  
Social Formation ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
The Us

AbstractGarifuna religion is derived from a confluence of Amerindian, African and European antecedents. For the Garifuna in Central America, the spatial focus of authentic religious practice has for over two centuries been that of their former homeland and site of ethnogenesis, the island of St Vincent. It is from St Vincent that the ancestors return, through spirit possession, to join with their living descendants in ritual events. During the last generation, about a third of the population migrated to the US, especially to New York City. This departure created a new diasporic horizon, as the Central American villages left behind now acquired their own aura of ancestral fidelity and religious power. Yet New-York-based Garifuna are now giving attention to the African components of their story of origin, to a degree that has not occurred in homeland villages of Honduras. This essay considers the notion of 'leaving' and 'joining' the African diaspora by examining religious components of Garifuna social formation on St Vincent, the deportation to Central America, and contemporary processes of Africanization being initiated in New York.

COVID-19 as an Extreme Event in the New York Metropolitan Region

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Marcotullio ◽  
William D. Solecki
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Extreme Event ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Deadly Disease

During early 2020, the world encountered an extreme event in the form of a new and deadly disease, COVID-19. Over the next two years, the pandemic brought sickness and death to countries and their cities around the globe. One of the first and initially the hardest hit location was New York City, USA. This article is an introduction to the Special Issue in this journal that highlights the impacts from and responses to COVID-19 as an extreme event in the New York City metropolitan region. We overview the aspects of COVID-19 that make it an important global extreme event, provide brief background to the conditions in the world, and the US before describing the 10 articles in the issue that focus on conditions, events and dynamics in New York City during the initial phases of the pandemic.

scholarly journals Racial/Ethnic Residential Segregation and Self-Reported Hypertension Among US- and Foreign-Born Blacks in New York City

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 904-910 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. White ◽  
L. N. Borrell ◽  
D. W. Wong ◽  
S. Galea ◽  
G. Ogedegbe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Residential Segregation ◽  
York City ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Ethnic Residential Segregation ◽  
Racial Ethnic

The Rise of Managerialism in the US: Whither Worker Control?

2020 ◽  
pp. 193-216
Author(s):  
Mimi Abramovitz ◽  
Jennifer Zelnick
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Human Service ◽  
Service Workers ◽  
Human Service Workers ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
The Us ◽  
Democratic Control ◽  
The Impact

This chapter investigates the impact of managerialism on the work of non-profit human-service workers in New York City, drawing on survey data to paint a portrait of a sector that has been deeply restructured to emulate private-market relations and processes. It uses the Social Structure of Accumulation (SSA) theory to explain the rise of neoliberal austerity and identify five neoliberal strategies designed to dismantle the US welfare state. The chapter also focuses on the impact of privatization, a key neoliberal strategy; shows how privatization has transformed the organization of work in public and non-profit human-service agencies; and details the experience of nearly 3,000 front-line, mostly female, human-service workers in New York City. It argues that austerity and managerialism generate the perfect storm in which austerity cuts resources and managerialism promotes 'doing more with less' through performance and outcome metrics and close management control of the labour-process. Closely analysing practices for resistance, the chapter concludes that in lower-managerial workplaces, workers had fewer problems with autonomy, a greater say in decision making, less work stress, and more sustainable employment, suggesting that democratic control of the workplace is an alternative route to quality, worker engagement, and successful outcomes.

Letter to the Hon. Levi Woodbury, Secretary of the US Treasury

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel F. B. Morse
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Us

New York City University, September 27, 1837. Dear Sir: In reply to the inquiries which you have done me the honor to make, in asking my opinion ‘of the propriety of establishing a system of telegraphs for the United States,’ I would say, in regard...

Foreign-Born Blacks Experience Lower Odds of Obesity but Higher Odds of Diabetes than US-Born Blacks in New York City

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margrethe F. Horlyck-Romanovsky ◽  
Katarzyna Wyka ◽  
Sandra E. Echeverria ◽  
May May Leung ◽  
Melissa Fuster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Lower Odds

Immigrant and Native-Born Differences in School Stability and Special Education: Evidence from New York City

2007 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 403-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dylan Conger ◽  
Amy Ellen Schwartz ◽  
Leanna Stiefel
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Special Education ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
School System ◽  
First Graders ◽  
Attendance Rates ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Older Students ◽  
Education Participation

Using the literature on achievement differences as a framework and motivation, along with data on New York City students, we examine nativity differences in students' rates of attendance, school mobility, school system exit, and special education participation. The results indicate that, holding demographic and school characteristics constant, foreign-born have higher attendance rates and lower rates of participation in special education than native-born. Among first graders, immigrants are also more likely to transfer schools and exit the school system between years than native-born, yet the patterns are different among older students. We also identify large variation according to birth region.

A Survey of Latent Tuberculosis Infection Among Laboratory Healthcare Workers in New York City

2003 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 801-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Garber ◽  
Pablo San Gabriel ◽  
Lauren Lambert ◽  
Lisa Saiman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Skin Tests ◽  
First Year ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
History Of ◽  
Latent Tb Infection

AbstractObjective:To determine the prevalence of positive tuberculin skin tests (TSTs), incidence of TST conversion, risk factors for positive TSTs, and history of active TB among HCWs in microbiology laboratories in New York City.Design:Two-year survey from May 1999 to June 2001.Setting:Nineteen microbiology laboratories.Results:During the first year, interviews were conducted with 345 laboratory HCWs (mean, 18 HCWs per site; range, 2 to 51) to assess the prevalence of positive TSTs, but 3 (1%) could not recall their result and were excluded from further analyses. The mean age of the remaining 342 HCWs was 48 years; 68% (n = 233) were female, 54% (n = 183) received bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination, and 71% (n = 244) were foreign born. The prevalence of a positive TST was 57% (n = 196), but only 20% (n = 39) of the HCWs received isoniazid. The incidence of TST conversion in the second year of the study was 1% (1 of 108). Multivariate analysis identified age (odds ratio [OR] per year, 1.05; 95% confidence interval [CI95], 1.02–1.08), foreign birth (OR, 3.80; CI95, 1.98–7.28), BCG immunization (OR, 4.89; CI95, 2.72–8.80), and employment in a mycobacteriology laboratory (OR, 2.14; CI95, 1.25–3.68) as risk factors for a positive TST. Only one HCW had been treated for active TB.Conclusions:The prevalence of positive TSTs was high among laboratory HCWs, but the TST conversion rate was low. Higher rates of treatment for latent TB infection are desirable.

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