Emergency preparedness: Ionising radiation incidents and medical management

2018 ◽  
Vol 166 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
Crawford R M Foster
Keyword(s):  
Health Effects ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Medical Management ◽  
Ionising Radiation ◽  
Operational Environment ◽  
Nuclear War ◽  
Industrial Accidents

Military personnel risk being exposed to ionising radiation through a variety of means, including industrial accidents with Ministry of Defence equipment, inadvertent exposure while on operations, terrorist activities and nuclear war. The aim of this review is to outline the possible acute health effects and immediate management of radiation casualties in the context of different exposure scenarios. It emphasises the most important principles for managing irradiated, and/or contaminated casualties, in the operational environment, as well as providing details of key references and other sources of reach-back support.

Accidental sulfur mustard exposure from explosive ordnance in a UK military service person

2020 ◽  
pp. bmjmilitary-2020-001687
Author(s):  
Tim Prescott
Keyword(s):  
Military Personnel ◽  
Medical Management ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Sulfur Mustard ◽  
Chemical Warfare ◽  
Chemical Weapons ◽  
Indirect Exposure

Chemical warfare presents a continuing threat to military personnel as a result of both direct hostile action and the indirect exposure to chemical weapons that remain as a legacy from previous conflicts. This paper will discuss the presentation and medical management of an indirect exposure to sulfur mustard in a UK military service person.

scholarly journals Stakeholder engagement in radiological protection: Developing theory, practice and guidelines

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. S211-S218 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Turcanu ◽  
M. Van Oudheusden ◽  
B. Abelshausen ◽  
C. Schieber ◽  
T. Schneider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Stakeholder Engagement ◽  
Indoor Radon ◽  
Ionising Radiation ◽  
Radiological Protection ◽  
National Policies ◽  
European Project ◽  
Response And Recovery ◽  
Radiation Research ◽  
Local Levels

The European project ENGAGE investigated formal or informal demands and expectations for stakeholder engagement in radiological protection, and their translation into practices at national and local levels. Three contexts were examined in detail: nuclear emergency preparedness, response and recovery; exposure to indoor radon; and medical exposures to ionising radiation. Research showed that prescriptions and practices for stakeholder engagement would benefit from acknowledging the normative and substantive rationales for engagement. It suggests broadening participation both in terms of stakeholders – particularly from the perspective of integration of radiological protection into broader frameworks – and the forms of participation – for instance by recognising the importance of informal and citizen-led engagement. In addition, more systematic approaches for stakeholder engagement should be included in the elaboration and evaluation of national policies. Finally, results substantiate the need for developing radiological protection culture in a participatory, multi-disciplinary way. Recommendations for more robust stakeholder engagement in radiological protection are formulated based on the findings.

Review and evaluation of updated research on the health effects associated with low-dose ionising radiation

2010 ◽  
Vol 140 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. T. Dauer ◽  
A. L. Brooks ◽  
D. G. Hoel ◽  
W. F. Morgan ◽  
D. Stram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Effects ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Ionising Radiation

scholarly journals Acute Health Effects Among Military Personnel Participating in the Cleanup of the Hebei Spirit Oil Spill, 2007, in Taean County, Korea

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 206-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Gwack ◽  
Ju Hyung Lee ◽  
Young Ah Kang ◽  
Kyu-jin Chang ◽  
Moo Sik Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Effects ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Military Personnel

scholarly journals Spatial Repellents Protect Small Perimeters from Riceland Mosquitoes in a Warm-Humid Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
Seth C. Britch ◽  
David A. Dame ◽  
Max V. Meisch ◽  
Daniel L. Kline ◽  
Todd W. Walker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Operational Environment ◽  
Us Military ◽  
Anopheles Quadrimaculatus ◽  
Humid Environment ◽  
Host Seeking ◽  
Spatial Repellents ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACT Recent experiments suggest spatial repellents may significantly reduce biting pressure from host-seeking riceland mosquitoes, such as Anopheles quadrimaculatus, in a warm-humid open-field habitat. However, little is known regarding efficacy of these formulations in partially enclosed spaces where US military personnel may be sheltered or concealed in an operational environment. In this study we investigated the capability of 3 spatial repellents—metofluthrin, linalool, and d-cis/trans allethrin—to reduce mosquito incursion into small open-top enclosures of US military camouflage netting. We found that metofluthrin was more effective in partially enclosed spaces compared with the open field, whereas both linalool and d-cis/trans allethrin provided superior protection in the open. These findings support strategic selection of spatial repellents depending on the environment immediately surrounding the host.

The optimisation approach of ALARA in nuclear practice: an early application of the Precautionary Principle. Scientific uncertainty versus legal uncertainty

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 81-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Lierman ◽  
L. Veuchelen
Keyword(s):  
Health Effects ◽  
Precautionary Principle ◽  
Ionising Radiation ◽  
Scientific Uncertainty ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Scientific Controversy ◽  
Early Application ◽  
The Precautionary Principle ◽  
Legal Sanctions ◽  
Deterrence Effect

The late health effects of exposure to low doses of ionising radiation are subject to scientific controversy: one view finds threats of high cancer incidence exaggerated, while the other view thinks the effects are underestimated. Both views have good scientific arguments in favour of them. Since the nuclear field, both industry and medicine have had to deal with this controversy for many decades. One can argue that the optimisation approach to keep the effective doses as low as reasonably achievable, taking economic and social factors into account (ALARA), is a precautionary approach. However, because of these stochastic effects, no scientific proof can be provided. This paper explores how ALARA and the Precautionary Principle are influential in the legal field and in particular in tort law, because liability should be a strong incentive for safer behaviour. This so-called “deterrence effect” of liability seems to evaporate in today's technical and highly complex society, in particular when dealing with the late health effects of low doses of ionising radiation. Two main issues will be dealt with in the paper:How are the health risks attributable to “low doses” of radiation regulated in nuclear law and what lessons can be learned from the field of radiation protection?What does ALARA have to inform the discussion of the Precautionary Principle and vice-versa, in particular, as far as legal sanctions and liability are concerned?It will be shown that the Precautionary Principle has not yet been sufficiently implemented into nuclear law.

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