Spatial Repellents Protect Small Perimeters from Riceland Mosquitoes in a Warm-Humid Environment

ABSTRACT Recent experiments suggest spatial repellents may significantly reduce biting pressure from host-seeking riceland mosquitoes, such as Anopheles quadrimaculatus, in a warm-humid open-field habitat. However, little is known regarding efficacy of these formulations in partially enclosed spaces where US military personnel may be sheltered or concealed in an operational environment. In this study we investigated the capability of 3 spatial repellents—metofluthrin, linalool, and d-cis/trans allethrin—to reduce mosquito incursion into small open-top enclosures of US military camouflage netting. We found that metofluthrin was more effective in partially enclosed spaces compared with the open field, whereas both linalool and d-cis/trans allethrin provided superior protection in the open. These findings support strategic selection of spatial repellents depending on the environment immediately surrounding the host.

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Helminth infections in the US military: from strongyloidiasis to schistosomiasis

Journal of Travel Medicine ◽

10.1093/jtm/taab004 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Alyssa R Lindrose ◽

Indrani Mitra ◽

Jamie Fraser ◽

Edward Mitre ◽

Patrick W Hickey

Keyword(s):

Military Personnel ◽

International Classification Of Diseases ◽

Data Repository ◽

Military Health ◽

Intestinal Nematode ◽

Us Military ◽

Helminth Infections ◽

The Us ◽

East And Southeast Asia ◽

The Military

Abstract Background Helminth infections caused by parasitic worms, including nematodes (roundworms), cestodes (tapeworms) and trematodes (flukes), can cause chronic symptoms and serious clinical outcomes if left untreated. The US military frequently conducts activities in helminth-endemic regions, particularly Africa, the Middle East and Southeast Asia. However, the military does not currently screen for these infections, and to date, no comprehensive surveillance studies have been completed to assess the frequency of helminth diagnoses in the military personnel and their families. Methods To determine the burden of helminth infections in the US Military Health System (MHS), we conducted a retrospective analysis of International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-9/10 diagnosis codes from all medical encounters in the MHS Data Repository (MDR) from fiscal years (FY) 2012 to 2018. Chart reviews were conducted to assign ICD diagnoses as incorrect, suspected, probable or confirmed based on the laboratory results and symptoms. Results Abstraction of MHS data revealed over 50 000 helminth diagnoses between FY 2012 and FY 2018. Of these, 38 445 of diagnoses were amongst unique subjects. After chart review, we found there were 34 425 validated helminth infections diagnosed amongst the unique subjects of US military personnel, retirees and dependents. Nearly 4000 of these cases represented infections other than enterobiasis. There were 351 validated strongyloidiasis diagnoses, 317 schistosomiasis diagnoses and 191 diagnoses of cysticercosis during the study period. Incidence of intestinal nematode infection diagnoses showed an upward trend, whilst the incidence of cestode infection diagnoses decreased. Conclusions The results of this study demonstrate that helminth infections capable of causing severe morbidity are often diagnosed in the US military. As helminth infections are often asymptomatic or go undiagnosed, the true burden of helminth infections in US military personnel and dependents may be higher than observed here. Prospective studies of US military personnel deployed to helminth-endemic areas may be indicated to determine if post-deployment screening and/or empirical treatment are warranted.

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Issues of medical examination and selection of citizens for military service under a contract in Armed Forces of the Russian Federation

Spravočnik vrača obŝej praktiki (Journal of Family Medicine) ◽

10.33920/med-10-2201-07 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 48-52

Author(s):

Sergey Aleksandrovich Kuzmin ◽

◽

Lyubov Kuzminichna Grigorieva ◽

Margarita Vadimovna Mirzaeva ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Russian Federation ◽

Military Personnel ◽

Military Service ◽

Armed Forces ◽

Medical Examination ◽

Federal Law ◽

Stage System ◽

The Russian Federation ◽

The Military ◽

Selection Of

In the context of the reform of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and a significant increase in the proportion of military personnel doing military service under contract, the issues of manning the troops with healthy, physically developed citizens with high moral and business qualities are of paramount importance. Of particular importance in the selection of candidates for military service under the contract is the conduct of laboratory and instrumental studies, professional and psychological selection, determination of the level of citizens’ physical fitness. The Federal Law «On Military Duty and Military Service» defines a two-stage system for medical examination of citizens entering military service under contract, which is necessary as a barrier in order to prevent citizenswho do not meet the necessary requirements for military personnel from entering the Russian Armed Forces. At the first stage (preliminary examination), the military and medical examination of citizens was carried out by specialist doctors working in medical organizations of the outpatient-polyclinic link of municipalities at the place of citizens’ permanent residence. Medical specialists of the regular military medical commission of the military commissariat of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation participated in the second stage (final examination) of the military medical examination. During the five-year period under study, 5,133 citizens (72.9 %) were selected out of 7,043 candidates for military service under contract, who fully met all the criteria for defenders of the Fatherland.

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Correlates of e-cigarette use among active duty US military personnel: implications for cessation policy

BMJ Military Health ◽

10.1136/bmjmilitary-2020-001700 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. e001700

Author(s):

Sarah Godby ◽

R Dierst-Davies ◽

D Kogut ◽

L Degiorgi Winslow ◽

M M Truslow ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Military Personnel ◽

Healthcare Providers ◽

Secondary Analysis ◽

Health Agency ◽

Active Duty ◽

Tobacco Prevention ◽

Cigarette Use ◽

Us Military ◽

Active Duty Military ◽

Health Related

BackgroundElectronic cigarette (or e-cigarette) use has grown substantially since its US market introduction in 2007. Although marketed as a safer alternative to traditional cigarettes, studies have shown they can also be a gateway to their use. The purpose of this investigation is to identify factors associated with different patterns of tobacco use among active duty military personnel.MethodsA secondary analysis was conducted using the 2014 Defense Health Agency Health Related Behaviors survey data. Results are based on 45 986 US military respondents, weighted to 1 251 606. Both univariate and regression analyses were conducted to identify correlates.ResultsIn 2014, approximately 7.8% of respondents reported using e-cigarettes at least once in the past year. Among e-cigarette users, 49% reported exclusive e-cigarette use. Prevalence of exclusive use is highest among white people (58%), Navy (33%), men (83%) and persons with income ≤$45 000 (65%). Regression comparing exclusive cigarette with exclusive e-cigarette users revealed higher odds of being Air Force (OR=2.19; CI 1.18 to 4.06) or Navy (OR=2.25; CI 1.14 to 4.41) personnel and being male (OR=1.72; CI 1.12 to 2.64), and more likely to not receive smoking cessation messaging from healthcare providers in the last 12 months (OR=2.88; CI 1.80 to 4.62). When comparing exclusive e-cigarette users with poly-tobacco users, e-cigarette users had higher odds of being Hispanic (OR=2.20; CI 1.02 to 4.78), college educated (OR=4.25; CI 1.22 to 14.84) and not receiving tobacco prevention/cessation messaging (OR=4.80; CI 2.79 to 8.27).ConclusionThe results demonstrate that exclusive e-cigarette users in the military have unique characteristics when compared with groups of other/mixed tobacco users. Findings can inform cessation and prevention efforts to improve both the overall health and combat readiness of active duty military personnel.

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Why are US military personnel prescribed transdermal fentanyl patches?

BMJ Military Health ◽

10.1136/bmjmilitary-2021-001894 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. bmjmilitary-2021-001894

Author(s):

Hailey Murray ◽

A N Gregoriou ◽

A Lepore ◽

G J Booth ◽

A H Goldman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Military Personnel ◽

Clinical Information ◽

Opioid Therapy ◽

Active Duty ◽

Data Repository ◽

Prescription Data ◽

Transdermal Fentanyl ◽

Military Health ◽

Continuous Release ◽

Us Military

IntroductionTransdermal fentanyl is a continuous release opioid delivery system intended for use in opioid-tolerant patients requiring around-the-clock opioid therapy. The purpose of this study is to identify the most common indications for transdermal fentanyl prescriptions in active duty US military personnel, and determine whether these prescriptions meet US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) labelling.MethodsActive duty US military personnel initiating transdermal fentanyl therapy with prescriptions filled at Military Health System pharmacies between 2015 and 2019 were identified in the Military Data Repository. Electronic health records were searched for patient demographic information, clinical information and prescription data. A total of 225 patients with complete data were identified.ResultsThe most common reason for transdermal fentanyl initiation was chronic non-cancer musculoskeletal pain. Among patients with non-cancer pain, 36% received their initial prescription from an internal medicine/primary care provider, and 35% did not meet published US FDA criteria for opioid tolerance prior to treatment initiation. There was an 81% decrease in patients initiating therapy between 2015 and 2019.ConclusionsWhile a substantial minority of transdermal fentanyl prescriptions to US military personnel did not meet FDA guidelines on appropriate use, the overall number of prescriptions fell dramatically over the study period. This suggests that automated profile review or additional targeted policies to limit transdermal fentanyl prescribing are unnecessary at this time.

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Seroconversions to Rickettsiae in US Military Personnel in South Korea

Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽

10.3201/eid2106.141487 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 21 (6) ◽

pp. 1073-1074 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Ju Jiang ◽

Todd E. Myers ◽

Patrick J. Rozmajzl ◽

Paul C.F. Graf ◽

Jean-Paul Chretien ◽

...

Keyword(s):

South Korea ◽

Military Personnel ◽

Us Military

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Emergency preparedness: Ionising radiation incidents and medical management

BMJ Military Health ◽

10.1136/jramc-2018-000958 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 166 (1) ◽

pp. 21-28

Author(s):

Crawford R M Foster

Keyword(s):

Health Effects ◽

Military Personnel ◽

Emergency Preparedness ◽

Medical Management ◽

Ionising Radiation ◽

Operational Environment ◽

Nuclear War ◽

Industrial Accidents

Military personnel risk being exposed to ionising radiation through a variety of means, including industrial accidents with Ministry of Defence equipment, inadvertent exposure while on operations, terrorist activities and nuclear war. The aim of this review is to outline the possible acute health effects and immediate management of radiation casualties in the context of different exposure scenarios. It emphasises the most important principles for managing irradiated, and/or contaminated casualties, in the operational environment, as well as providing details of key references and other sources of reach-back support.

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Mefloquine exposure as a cause of sleep disorders among US military personnel and veterans

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/zsz183 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 42 (9) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Remington L Nevin

Keyword(s):

Sleep Disorders ◽

Military Personnel ◽

Us Military

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Cross-Sectional Study of Sexual Behavior, Alcohol Use, and Mental Health Conditions Associated With Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Deploying Shipboard US Military Personnel

Military Medicine ◽

10.1093/milmed/usz070 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 184 (11-12) ◽

pp. e693-e700 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Judith Harbertson ◽

Paul T Scott ◽

Hector Lemus ◽

Nelson L Michael ◽

Braden R Hale

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽

Military Personnel ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sexual Partners ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Sexually Transmitted ◽

Us Military ◽

Sex With Men

Abstract Introduction Limited comprehensive data exist on risk behavior associated with sexually transmitted infections (STI) among ship-assigned US military personnel during the predeployment time period (PDT). This study examined whether sexual risk behaviors, alcohol use, involuntary drug consumption (IDC), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and depression during the 12 months prior to deployment were associated with provider-diagnosed STIs in this population. Materials and Methods Using cross-sectional data collected during 2012–2014 among sexually active personnel, multivariable regression assessed factors associated with STIs among all men (n = 1,831). Stratified analyses were conducted among men who have sex with women (MSW, n = 1,530), men who have sex with men or men and women (MSM, n = 83), and excluded those not reporting sexual partner gender (n = 218). Results Among MSW, transactional sex (AOR 3.8, 95% CI 1.5–9.4) meeting sexual partners at work (AOR 4.3, 95% CI 2.0–9.2), IDC (AOR 6.6, 95% CI 3.0–14.5), and incomplete mental health assessments (AOR 4.4, 95% CI 1.6–12.0) were significantly associated with STIs after adjustment. Among all men, those who identified as MSM (AOR 4.6, 95% CI 1.9–11.2) and drug screen positive (AOR 3.3, 95% CI 1.3–8.6) were significantly more likely to report an STI. Conclusions Previously unreported factors significantly associated with STIs at the PDT among MSW in the adjusted analysis were meeting sexual partners at work and IDC. IDC during the PDT warrants further exploration. These results can inform tailored STI reduction interventions among shipboard personnel and similarly aged civilians undergoing similar transition/travel experiences.

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