scholarly journals Mapping the potential of community first responders to increase cardiac arrest survival

Open Heart ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. e000912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomás Barry ◽  
Ainhoa González ◽  
Niall Conroy ◽  
Paddy Watters ◽  
Siobhán Masterson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Census Data ◽  
National Level ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Population Census ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Delivery Of Care ◽  
Proximity Analysis ◽  
To Receive

ObjectiveResuscitation from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is largely determined by the availability of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and defibrillation within 5–10 min of collapse. The potential contribution of organised groups of volunteers to delivery of CPR and defibrillation in their communities has been little studied. Ireland has extensive networks of such volunteers; this study develops and tests a model to examine the potential impact at national level of these networks on early delivery of care.MethodsA geographical information systems study considering all statutory ambulance resource locations and all centre point locations for community first responder (CFR) schemes that operate in Ireland were undertaken. ESRI ArcGIS Desktop 10.4 was used to map CFR and ambulance base locations. ArcGIS Online proximity analysis function was used to model 5–10 min drive time response areas under sample peak and off-peak conditions. Response areas were linked to Irish population census data so as to establish the proportion of the population that have the potential to receive a timely cardiac arrest emergency response.ResultsThis study found that CFRs are present in many communities throughout Ireland and have the potential to reach a million additional citizens before the ambulance service and within a timeframe where CPR and defibrillation are likely to be effective treatments.ConclusionCFRs have significant potential to contribute to survival following OHCA in Ireland. Further research that examines the processes, experiences and outcomes of CFR involvement in OHCA resuscitation should be a scientific priority.

Abstract 117: A Population Based Study in a Large Ethnically Diverse Metropolitan City Reveals Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Pediatric Cardiac Arrest

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 138 (Suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Y Miyake ◽  
Saranya Srinivasan ◽  
Daniel Ostermayer ◽  
Dwayne Wolf ◽  
Jeffrey J Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Population Census ◽  
Population Based Study

Background: Data regarding racial and ethnic differences in incidence and survival in pediatric cardiac arrest are unknown. In large cities, universal tracking of cardiac arrest is limited by multiple response centers fielding calls. This study was performed in Houston, one of the largest and most ethnically diverse cities in the US. Every 911 call in the city is tracked by a single operations center, providing a unique opportunity to conduct a population based study. Objective: We aimed to examine race and ethnic differences in incidence and survival rates among pediatric cardiac arrests utilizing a non-sampled population in a large metropolitan area. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of all 911 emergency response records involving non-traumatic pediatric cardiac arrests <18 years between 2002-2017. Race and ethnicity data among patients with cardiac arrests were compared to Houston population census data. Results: There were 598 (57% males) pediatric cardiac arrests at median age of 10 mo (IQR 2 mo - 6 yrs). Infants <2 yrs accounted for 60% of cases, 2-5 yrs (14%), 6-10 yrs (15%) and 11-17 yrs (11%). Overall, non-Hispanic black children comprised a significantly larger proportion of those with cardiac arrest than would be expected given population distribution (Figure). When evaluating these differences by age, the largest discrepancy was among infants, where odds of arrest in non-Hispanic black or Hispanic was 2.3 (95%CI 1.2-4.4) and 2.9 (95% CI 1.4-5.8) compared to white children. Overall survival was poor (9%) and did not differ by race/ethnicity, sex, bystander CPR, or time from 911 call to emergency personnel arrival. The only variable associated with greater survival was witnessed arrest (OR 2.2, 95%CI 1.2-4.0). Conclusions: There are racial differences in cardiac arrest in Houston based on age. Identifying reasons for these differences may provide insights into environmental or genetic risk factors associated with pediatric cardiac arrests.

scholarly journals Exploratory Assessment of the Census of Pakistan Using Demographic Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 719-750
Author(s):  
Asif Wazir ◽  
Anne Goujon
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Internal Migration ◽  
Census Data ◽  
National Level ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Population Census ◽  
Demographic Analysis ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Existing Data

Abstract In 2017, Pakistan implemented a long-awaited population census since the last one conducted in 1998. However, several experts are contesting the validity of the census data at the sub-national level, particularly in the absence of a post-enumeration survey. We propose in this article to use demographic analysis to assess the results of the 2017 census at the sub-national level, using data from the 1998 census, from all available intercensal surveys, including three rounds of Demographic and Health Survey. Applying the cohort-component method of population projection, we subject each five first-level subnational entities to estimates regarding the level of fertility, mortality, international, and internal migration derived from the analysis of the existing data. We arrive at approximately similar results as the census at the national level: an estimated 210 million (95% CI: 203.4–218.9) compared to 207.8 million counted (1.1% difference). However, we found substantial sub-national variations. While there are too many uncertainties in the data used for the reconstruction to be fully confident about them, this analysis should prompt the national and the international community to ensure that a post-enumeration survey and demographic analysis are regular features of census operations of Pakistan in particular, and in developing countries with deficient data as a whole.

scholarly journals Simulating Redistricting in the Classroom: A Binding Arbitration Decision Game Using Louisiana Census Data

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (03) ◽  
pp. 664-668
Author(s):  
Peter Miller ◽  
Steven Kimbrough ◽  
Johanna Schacht
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Game Design ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Congressional Districts ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
The World ◽  
Us Census ◽  
High Degree

ABSTRACTThis article describes the design and implementation of a redistricting simulation in two classes at a large university. Simulations often include a high degree of abstraction and, as a result, may not inform and develop an understanding of how the world operates. We developed a binding-arbitration game, based on the New Jersey model of a bipartisan commission, in which groups of students used US Census data and a set of mandatory and discretionary criteria to design congressional districts in Louisiana as well as advocate for their plan at an open hearing. In so doing, they learned about the complexities of redistricting and were introduced to geographical information systems (GIS). The student-drawn maps, on average, were more compact and preserved a larger proportion of places and parishes in a single district than the legislature-drawn map. The article discusses other features of the students’ maps and concludes with comments on the general decision-game design.

scholarly journals Aggregate Analysis of Site-Specific Pollution Problems: The Case of Groundwater Contamination from Agriculture

1991 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
James J. Opaluch ◽  
Kathleen Segerson
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
National Level ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Nonpoint Sources ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Local Decision ◽  
Local Decision Makers

Control of nonpoint sources of pollution has traditionally been within the domain of local decision makers in recognition of the critical importance of site-specific issues. More recently attention has turned to the issue of what can and should be done at the regional or national level, while recognizing the importance of site-specific attributes. This paper describes and illustrates an approach for analysis of nonpoint pollution problems that focuses jointly at the aggregate and disaggregate levels of the problem. The approach is based on linking two tools of analysis, the microparameter distribution model and the Geographical Information Systems (GIS). Although there are significant challenges to be overcome in implementing such an approach, linkage of these two policy tools has considerable promise in dealing with site-specific issues within an aggregate framework. Furthermore, GIS is potentially an important source of data for economists to exploit, given the momentum of GIS systems throughout the nation and given the relatively disaggregate nature of the data.

Realising ‘Joined-Up’ Geography in the National Health Service: The Role of Geographical Information Systems?

10.1068/c06r ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary Higgs ◽  
Darren P Smith ◽  
Myles I Gould
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
National Health Service ◽  
Health Service ◽  
National Health ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
National Level ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
The United Kingdom

This paper focuses on the use of geographical information systems (GIS) within primary and secondary health care sectors in the United Kingdom in relation to wider notions of ‘joined-up’ government—a key tenet of central government initiatives aimed at addressing problems such as social exclusion and polarisation. Drawing on findings from a national-level questionnaire survey, and follow-up semi-structured interviews with key respondents from the National Health Service (NHS), we have found that there has been an increase in GIS uptake within health organisations in the last decade. However, there has been limited collaboration between NHS organisations and local authorities on projects that utilise GIS. This lack of interorganisational activity is underpinned by the lack of a service-level agreement for digital data provision within NHS organisations, ambiguous understandings of data confidentiality requirements, and a limited awareness of the benefits of joined-up working arrangements. The paper concludes with a suggestion that significant organisational and cultural changes are required to facilitate enabling contexts for enhanced collaborative use of GIS between NHS organisations and local authorities, in order to support the wider joined-up government agenda currently being promoted in the United Kingdom.

scholarly journals GIS-based Network Analysis for Optimisation of Public Facilities Closure: A Study on Libraries in Leicestershire, United Kingdom

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Efiong, Joel
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
National Level ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
New Order ◽  
Location Allocation ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Public Facilities ◽  
Negative Impacts

Many public facilities in the United Kingdom are being closed without consideration to their users, leading to social exclusion. Hence, this study investigated the use of geographical information systems (GIS) in identifying public facilities which can be closed while saving cost and minimizing distance, using the libraries in Leicestershire as case study. Data for the study were obtained from secondary sources through the internet. This study used the location-allocation tool model, within the geographical information environment, to identify a set of libraries that should be closed in Leicestershire to save 20% cost and optimised for the needs of unemployed people, children of school age and pensioners (people over 65 years). Based on these considerations, the study identified the following ten libraries for closure: Barwell, Blaby, Cosby, Desford, Enderby, Groby, Hathern, Kirby Muxloe, Mounstsorrel and Sapcote. If this is adopted, it therefore means that the distance that users will need to travel from their homes to libraries in the new order would have been minimised and access not denied. This study has therefore demonstrated the use of GIS in decision making. This method is an innovation in the use of the model and should be used to evaluate library accessibility and identify those that could be closed without much negative impacts at the national level and for other facilities elsewhere.

Assessment of land-use change in coastal areas through geographical information systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Verónica Lango-Reynoso ◽  
Karla Teresa González-Figueroa ◽  
Fabiola Lango-Reynoso ◽  
María del Refugio Castañeda-Chávez ◽  
Jesús Montoya-Mendoza
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Coastal Ecosystems ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Coastal Zones ◽  
Computer Based

Objective: This article describes and analyzes the main concepts of coastal ecosystems, these as a result of research concerning land-use change assessments in coastal areas. Design/Methodology/Approach: Scientific articles were searched using keywords in English and Spanish. Articles regarding land-use change assessment in coastal areas were selected, discarding those that although being on coastal zones and geographic and soil identification did not use Geographic Information System (GIS). Results: A GIS is a computer-based tool for evaluating the land-use change in coastal areas by quantifying variations. It is analyzed through GIS and its contributions; highlighting its importance and constant monitoring. Limitations of the study/Implications: This research analyzes national and international scientific information, published from 2007 to 2019, regarding the land-use change in coastal areas quantified with the digital GIS tool. Findings/Conclusions: GIS are useful tools in the identification and quantitative evaluation of changes in land-use in coastal ecosystems; which require constant evaluation due to their high dynamism.

A protocol for sampling pastures in hill country

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 ◽  
pp. 203-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.J. Hutchinson ◽  
D.R. Scobie ◽  
J. Beautrais ◽  
A.D. Mackay ◽  
G.M. Rennie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Decision Support Tool ◽  
Accurate Estimate ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Topographic Complexity ◽  
Hill Country

To develop a protocol to guide pasture sampling for estimation of paddock pasture mass in hill country, a range of pasture sampling strategies, including random sampling, transects and stratification based on slope and aspect, were evaluated using simulations in a Geographical Information Systems computer environment. The accuracy and efficiency of each strategy was tested by sampling data obtained from intensive field measurements across several farms, regions and seasons. The number of measurements required to obtain an accurate estimate was related to the overall pasture mass and the topographic complexity of a paddock, with more variable paddocks requiring more samples. Random sampling from average slopes provided the best balance between simplicity and reliability. A draft protocol was developed from the simulations, in the form of a decision support tool, where visual determination of the topographic complexity of the paddock, along with the required accuracy, were used to guide the number of measurements recommended. The protocol was field tested and evaluated by groups of users for efficacy and ease of use. This sampling protocol will offer farmers, consultants and researchers an efficient, reliable and simple way to determine pasture mass in New Zealand hill country settings. Keywords: hill country, feed budgeting, protocol pasture mass, slope

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document