scholarly journals Differential attainment in the MRCPsych according to ethnicity and place of qualification between 2013 and 2018: a UK cohort study

2020 ◽  
pp. postgradmedj-2020-137913
Author(s):  
Paul A Tiffin ◽  
Lewis W Paton
Keyword(s):  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Factual Knowledge ◽  
Clinical Knowledge ◽  
Pass Rates ◽  
Potential Bias ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Uk ◽  
First Time

Purpose of the studyTo explore if differential pass rates exist in the clinical component of the UK postgraduate clinical psychiatry exam, the Clinical Assessment of Skills and Competencies (CASC), according to ethnicity and place of qualification (UK vs EEA vs overseas graduates).Study designObservational study using data from the UK Medical Education Database for 2140 doctors sitting the CASC for the first time between 2013 and 2018.ResultsAfter controlling for age, sex, time of sitting and performance in the written components of the MRCPsych, differences in CASC pass rates persisted between UK graduates self-identifying as Black and Minority Ethnicity (BME) and non-BME (OR for passing 0.36, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.56, p<0.001). Both EEA (OR 0.25, 0.15 to 0.40, p<0.001) and overseas graduates (OR 0.07, 0.05 to 0.11, p<0.001) were less likely to pass the CASC at first attempt, even after controlling for the influence of educational and background variables. These groups, on average, had lower scores on written exams with substantial content relating to procedural skills (eg, critical appraisal) rather than pure recall of factual knowledge.ConclusionsSubstantial differences exist in clinical examination performance between UK BME and non-BME candidates, as well as between UK and non-UK graduates. These differences are not explained by differing levels of clinical knowledge. In the interests of equality, this situation requires further investigation and remediation. Future research should focus on understanding how potential bias may be acting within different stages of recruitment, training and assessment within psychiatry.

Do Accounting Faculty Characteristics Impact CPA Exam Performance? An Investigation of Nearly 700,000 Examinations

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis M. Bline ◽  
Stephen Perreault ◽  
Xiaochuan Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Exam Performance ◽  
Faculty Research ◽  
Pass Rates ◽  
Accounting Faculty ◽  
Research And Teaching ◽  
Faculty Characteristics ◽  
Cpa Exam ◽  
Faculty Research Productivity ◽  
And Performance ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACT While many colleges and universities publicize CPA examination pass rates as evidence of having a high-quality accounting program, some have questioned whether program-specific characteristics are legitimate predictors of examination success. To examine this issue, we empirically investigate the link between accounting faculty characteristics and performance on the CPA examination. We examine the results from nearly 700,000 first-time exam sittings taken during the period 2005–2013 and find that faculty research and teaching specialization has a significant impact on CPA exam performance. That is, when a program has a relatively higher percentage of accounting faculty with expertise in a particular content area tested on the exam (e.g., auditing), graduates achieve higher scores on the related exam section (e.g., AUD). We also find that faculty research productivity and CPA certification status are positively related to candidate exam performance. We believe these results contribute to the existing literature on the determinants of CPA exam success and also provide important insights to those responsible for accounting faculty staffing and development.

scholarly journals The Impact of Perceived Subgroup Formation on Transactive Memory Systems and Performance in Distributed Teams

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yide Shen ◽  
Michael J. Gallivan ◽  
Xinlin Tang
Keyword(s):  
Team Performance ◽  
Memory Systems ◽  
Transactive Memory ◽  
Distributed Teams ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Group Members ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

With distributed teams becoming increasingly common in organizations, improving their performance is a critical challenge for both practitioners and researchers. This research examines how group members' perception of subgroup formation affects team performance in fully distributed teams. The authors propose that individual members' perception about the presence of subgroups within the team has a negative effect on team performance, which manifests itself through decreases in a team's transactive memory system (TMS). Using data from 154 members of 41 fully distributed teams (where no group members were colocated), the authors found that members' perceptions of the existence of subgroups impair the team's TMS and its overall performance. They found these effects to be statistically significant. In addition, decreases in a group's TMS partially mediate the effect of perceived subgroup formation on team performance. The authors discuss the implications of their findings for managerial action, as well as for researchers, and they propose directions for future research.

scholarly journals Comparisons of Animal “Smart” Using The First Four Stages of the Model of Hierarchical Complexity

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mansi J. Shah ◽  
Michael L. Commons ◽  
William J. Harrigan
Keyword(s):  
Operant Conditioning ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Comparative Psychology ◽  
Behavioral Model ◽  
Ordinal Scale ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Respondent Conditioning ◽  
Hierarchical Complexity ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Using Data

The Model of Hierarchical Complexity is a behavioral model of development and evolution of the complexity of behavior. It is based on task analysis. Tasks are ordered in terms of their hierarchical complexity, which is an ordinal scale that measures difficulty. The hierarchical difficulty of tasks is categorized as the order of hierarchical complexity. Successful performance on a task is called the behavioral stage. This model can be applied to non-human animals, and humans. Using data from some of the simplest animals and also somewhat more complex ones, this analysis describes the four lowest behavioral stages and illustrate them using the behaviors of a range of simple organisms. For example, Stage 1 tasks, and performance on them, are addressed with automatic unconditioned responses. Behavior at this Stage includes sensing, tropisms, habituation and, other automatic behaviors. Single cell organisms operate at this Stage. Stage 2 tasks include these earlier behaviors, but also include respondent conditioning but not operant conditioning. Animals such as some simple invertebrates have shown respondent conditioning, but not operant conditioning. Stage 3 tasks coordinate three instances of these earlier tasks to make possible operant conditioning. These stage 3 performances are similar to those of some invertebrates and also insects. Stage 4 tasks organisms coordinate 2 or more circular sensory-motor task actions into a superordinate “concept”. This explanation of the early stages of the Model of Hierarchical Complexity may help future research in animal behavior, and comparative psychology.

Experimental deception: Science, performance, and reproducibility

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrianne John R. Galang
Keyword(s):  
Internal Validity ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Replication Studies ◽  
Control Of Variables ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Using Data ◽  
And Control ◽  
Efficient Transmission ◽  
Experimental Deception

Experimental deception has not been seriously examined in terms of its impact on reproducible science. I demonstrate, using data from the Open Science Collaboration’s Reproducibility Project (2015), that experiments involving deception have a higher probability of not replicating and have smaller effect sizes compared to experiments that do not have deception procedures. This trend is possibly due to missing information about the context and performance of agents in the studies in which the original effects were generated, leading to either compromised internal validity, or an incomplete specification and control of variables in replication studies. Of special interest are the mechanisms by which deceptions are implemented and how these present challenges for the efficient transmission of critical information from experimenter to participant. I rehearse possible frameworks that might form the basis of a future research program on experimental deception and make some recommendations as to how such a program might be initiated.

Review of Distribution Network Phase Unbalance: Scale, Causes, Consequences, Solutions, and Future Research Direction

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kang Ma ◽  
Lurui Fang ◽  
Wangwei Kong
Keyword(s):  
System Analysis ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Mass Scale ◽  
Optimal Placement ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Data Scarcity ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Uk

Phase unbalance is widespread in the distribution networks in the UK, continental Europe, US, China, and other countries. First, this paper reviews the mass scale of phase unbalance and its causes and consequences. Three challenges arise from phase rebalancing: the scalability, data scarcity, and adaptability (towards changing unbalance over time) challenges. Solutions to address the challenges are: 1) using retrofit-able, maintenance-free, automatic solutions to overcome the scalability challenge; 2) using data analytics to overcome the data-scarcity challenge; and 3) using phase balancers or other online phase rebalancing solutions to overcome the adaptability challenge. This paper categorizes existing phase rebalancing solutions into three classes: 1) load/lateral re-phasing; 2) using phase balancers; 3) controlling energy storage, electric vehicles, distributed generation, and micro-grids for phase rebalancing. Their advantages and limitations are analyzed and ways to overcome the limitations are recommended. Finally, this paper suggests future research topics: 1) long-term forecast of phase unbalance; 2) whole-system analysis of the unbalance-induced costs; 3) phase unbalance diagnosis for data-scarce LV networks; 4) techno-commercial solutions to exploit the flexibility from large three-phase customers for phase balancing; 5) the optimal placement of phase balancers; 6) the transition from single-phase customers to three-phase customers. <br>

scholarly journals Multiple Choice Examinations: Their Predictive Value in the Preliminary Test and the Membership Examination

1978 ◽  
Vol 2 (06) ◽  
pp. 101-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Hassall ◽  
W. H. Trethowan
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Value ◽  
Multiple Choice ◽  
Preliminary Test ◽  
Pass Rates ◽  
Multiple Choice Questionnaire ◽  
And Performance ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

Earlier analyses (Hassall and Trethowan, 1974, 1976) have examined the pass rates in the Preliminary Test and Membership Examinations in relation to the characteristics of the candidates and after separating those sitting for the first time and those re-sitting. This paper explores the relationship between performance in the Multiple Choice Questionnaire (MCQ) and performance in the examination as a whole, though without distinguishing between candidates making first and those making later attempts.

Unique Characteristics of Predator Frauds

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. A31-A48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana R. Hermanson ◽  
Scot E. Justice ◽  
Sridhar Ramamoorti ◽  
Richard A. Riley
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Repeat Offenders ◽  
Leadership Positions ◽  
Primary Analysis ◽  
Public Companies ◽  
Fraud Prevention ◽  
Asset Misappropriation ◽  
Using Data ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACT Previous research has called for examination of differences in the fraud profile between “predator” fraudsters (repeat offenders) and “situational” fraudsters (first-time offenders). Using data from nearly 2,800 fraud cases included in the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners' Report to the Nations database, we identify unique characteristics of predator frauds. In the primary analysis, we find that predator fraudsters are less likely to be in leadership positions, are less educated, and tend to target smaller companies, while appearing less likely to target public companies. Predator frauds are shorter, but more costly overall, and there is some evidence that predator frauds are more likely to involve asset misappropriation or corruption. We also present exploratory analyses of “possible predators,” first-time offenders who strike the organization early in their tenure. Overall, the data suggest that predators and situational fraudsters are fundamentally different on several dimensions. Based on the results, we discuss implications related to fraud prevention and detection, as well as directions for future research.

Physiotherapists and Evidence Based Practice: An Opportunity or Threat to the Profession?

2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rose Wiles ◽  
Sue Barnard
Keyword(s):  
Health Professionals ◽  
Evidence Based Practice ◽  
Central Element ◽  
Professional Autonomy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
The Status ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

The profession of physiotherapy in the UK is undergoing a period of change. Prominent among these aspects of change is the movement to evidence based practice (EBP). EBP is a central element of policy in the National Health Service (NHS). It is being implemented in physiotherapy as a means of securing contracts with purchasers but also as a means of contesting challenges from alternative practitioners and health professionals to the areas of work that physiotherapists view as their territory. Using data collected from a qualitative study of 56 physiotherapists of different grades working in different sectors of the NHS, this paper explores physiotherapists’ views of EBP and the impact that they expect it to have on professional boundaries and on the status and practice of physiotherapy. The study indicated that physiotherapists’ views may differ according to their position in the profession. Senior physiotherapists appeared to view the development of EBP as a threat to the profession which would decrease professional autonomy and the status of the profession. In contrast, junior and superintendent physiotherapists appeared to view EBP as an opportunity for strengthening the profession. The impact EBP will have on the profession of physiotherapy and its relationships with a range of health professionals is as yet unknown as are the responses that physiotherapists are likely to have to this development. This study identifies the areas in which conflicts are likely to be played out. A focus for future research analysing the impact of EBP is suggested.

scholarly journals The COVID-19 Psychological Wellbeing Study: Understanding the Longitudinal Psychosocial Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the UK; a Methodological Overview Paper

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cherie Armour ◽  
Emily McGlinchey ◽  
Sarah Butter ◽  
Kareena McAloney-Kocaman ◽  
Kerri E. McPherson
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Psychological Wellbeing ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Uk

Abstract The COVID-19 Psychological Wellbeing Study was designed and implemented as a rapid survey of the psychosocial impacts of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), known as COVID-19 in residents across the United Kingdom. This study utilised a longitudinal design to collect online survey based data. The aim of this paper was to describe (1) the rationale behind the study and the corresponding selection of constructs to be assessed; (2) the study design and methodology; (3) the resultant sociodemographic characteristics of the full sample; (4) how the baseline survey data compares to the UK adult population (using data from the Census) on a variety of sociodemographic variables; (5) the ongoing efforts for weekly and monthly longitudinal assessments of the baseline cohort; and (6) outline future research directions. We believe the study is in a unique position to make a significant contribution to the growing body of literature to help understand the psychological impact of this pandemic and inform future clinical and research directions that the UK will implement in response to COVID-19.

International experiential diversity and performance at project organizations

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winfried Ruigrok ◽  
Peder Greve ◽  
Martin Engeler
Keyword(s):  
Team Performance ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Project Team ◽  
Project Teams ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Project Organizations ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to shed new light on the link between diversity in project teams and team performance by examining the effects of players’ international career diversity on the performance of national football teams.Design/methodology/approachThe paper draws upon the literature on project organizations and experiential diversity in teams. Using data on players’ international career backgrounds and team performance from the FIFA World Cup 2006, the authors test two hypotheses linking experiential diversity in teams and a measure of relative team performance. The dataset includes detailed individual background profiles of the 736 participating players and performance data from the 64 games played at the tournament.FindingsThe findings suggest that different types of experiential diversity have contrasting effects on team performance in a time‐limited project team setting.Research limitations/implicationsThese findings encourage team diversity researchers to further examine the impact of experiential diversity in teams on team process and performance outcomes in future research.Practical implicationsThe findings particularly highlight the need to carefully manage experiential diversity in project team settings in order to benefit from access to diverse tacit resources, while at the same time avoiding that the integrative capacities of teams becoming overstretched.Originality/valueThe paper is a step towards a better understanding of how diversity of individual career backgrounds affects team performance outcomes in project teams.

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