Genetic transmission networks reveal the transmission patterns of HIV-1 CRF01_AE in China

2017 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoshan Li ◽  
Rong Gao ◽  
Kexin Zhu ◽  
Feiran Wei ◽  
Kun Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Transmission Networks ◽  
Major Public Health Issue ◽  
Genetic Transmission ◽  
Heterosexual Women ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Migrant People ◽  
Hiv 1

ObjectivesThe epidemic of HIV-1 CRF01_AE has become a major public health issue in China. This study aimed to characterise the transmission patterns of genetic networks for CRF01_AE nationwide and elucidate possible opportunities for prevention.MethodsWe isolated and conducted genetic transmission network analysis of all available CRF01_AE pol sequences (n=4704) from China in the Los Alamos HIV sequence database.ResultsA total of 1391 (29.6%) sequences were identified as belonging to 400 separate networks. Of men who have sex with men (MSM) in the networks, 93.8% were linked to other MSM and only 2.4% were linked to heterosexual women. However, 11.8% heterosexual women in the networks were linked to MSM. Lineages composed mainly of MSM had higher transmission than those that were mostly heterosexuals. Of the 1391 individuals in networks, 513 (36.9%) were linked to cases diagnosed in different provinces. The proportion of individuals involved in inter-province links was interrelated with the number of migrant people (Spearman’s r=0.738, p=0.001).ConclusionsThe outcome of this study could help improve our ability to understand HIV transmission among various regions and risk groups in China, and highlighted the importance of targeting MSM and migrants by prevention and intervention efforts.

scholarly journals HIV-1 Infection and Transmission Networks of Younger People in Chicago, Illinois, 2005-2011

2016 ◽  
Vol 132 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ethan Morgan ◽  
Alexandra M. Oster ◽  
Stephanie Townsell ◽  
Donna Peace ◽  
Nanette Benbow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Black People ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Transmission Networks ◽  
Metropolitan Regions ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
High Level ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Hiv 1

Objective: Analysis of HIV nucleotide sequences can be used to identify people with highly similar HIV strains and understand transmission patterns. The objective of this study was to identify groups of people highly connected by HIV transmission and the extent to which transmission occurred within and between geographic areas in Chicago, Illinois. Methods: We analyzed genetic sequences in the HIV-1 pol region in samples collected from people participating in the VARHS program in Chicago during 2005-2011. We determined pairwise genetic distance, inferred potential transmission events between HIV-infected people whose sequences were ≤1.5% genetically distant, and identified clusters of connected people. We used multivariable analysis to determine demographic characteristics and risk attributes associated with degree of connectivity. Results: Of 1154 sequences, 177 (15.3%) were tied to at least 1 other sequence. We determined that younger people, men, non-Hispanic black people, and men who have sex with men were more highly connected than other HIV-infected people. We also identified a high degree of geographic heterogeneity—48 of 67 clusters (71.6%) contained people from >1 Chicago region (north, south, or west sides). Conclusion: Our results indicate a need to address HIV transmission through the networks of younger non-Hispanic black men who have sex with men. The high level of geographic heterogeneity observed suggests that HIV prevention programs should be targeted toward networks of younger people rather than geographic areas of high incidence. This study could also guide prevention efforts in other diverse metropolitan regions with characteristics similar to those of Chicago.

scholarly journals The Central Role of Nondisclosed Men Who Have Sex With Men in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Transmission Networks in Guangzhou, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huanchang Yan ◽  
Weiyun He ◽  
Liping Huang ◽  
Hao Wu ◽  
Yuanhao Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Central Position ◽  
Sex Behavior ◽  
Transmission Networks ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Centrality Analysis ◽  
Hiv 1

Abstract Background Men who have sex with men (MSM) are vulnerable risk group for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection. However, some MSM do not disclose their same-sex behavior and could impact the transmission and prevention of HIV-1 infection. Here, we evaluated the role of nondisclosed MSM in HIV-1 transmission in Guangzhou, China. Methods The HIV-1 pol sequences were obtained from HIV-infected subjects from 2008 to 2015. A transmission network was constructed using HIV TRAnsmission Cluster Engine (HIV-TRACE) at a pairwise genetic distance of 0.5%. The position of nondisclosed MSM in the network was determined by centrality analysis. Results Nondisclosed MSM were inferred in 9.92% (61 of 615) of slightly older, self-reported non-MSM (P = .006). They were more likely to be married (P = .002) and less educated (P < .001) than the MSM with whom they clustered. Closeness centrality was bigger for nondisclosed MSM than for MSM (P < .001), indicating the central position of nondisclosed MSM in the networks. The average shortest path length was smaller for nondisclosed MSM than for MSM (P < .001), whereas radiality was bigger for nondisclosed MSM than for MSM, suggesting a relatively greater contribution of nondisclosed MSM in transmitting HIV-1 than MSM. Assortativity analysis indicated that nondisclosed MSM were more likely to link each other with coefficient of 0.025. Conclusions Nondisclosed MSM are a specific group, and they play an important role in HIV-1 transmission. They could be bisexual and might increase the risk of HIV-1 infection to their sex partners. Therefore, specific prevention and intervention targeting nondisclosed MSM are urgently needed.

scholarly journals Increasing prevalence and local transmission of non-B HIV-1 subtypes in the French Antilles and French Guiana between 1995 and 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Bello ◽  
Edson Delatorre ◽  
Vincent Lacoste ◽  
Edith Darcissac ◽  
Cécile Herrmann-Storck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
French Guiana ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
South American ◽  
Transmission Networks ◽  
Subtype B ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
French Overseas Territories ◽  
Overseas Territories ◽  
Hiv 1

Abstract The Caribbean and South American French Overseas Territories (CSAFOT) are the regions most heavily affected by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) epidemic in France. Although dominated by HIV-1 subtype B, the detection of non-B subtypes and the great proportion of HIV-positive persons born abroad demonstrated the potential for local spread of non-B subtype strains in CSAFOT. To reconstruct the epidemiologic dynamics of major non-B subtype clusters spreading in CSAFOT, we conducted phylogenetic and evolutionary analyses of 2,523 HIV-1 pol sequences collected from patients living in Martinique, Guadeloupe, and French Guiana from 1995 to 2018. A large variety of HIV-1 non-B subtype strains (eight subtypes, twelve CRFs, and multiple URFs) have been introduced in CSAFOT and their prevalence significantly increases over time in Martinique and Guadeloupe. We identified twelve major transmission networks of non-B subtypes (CRF02_AG and subtypes A3, C, D, and F1) that probably arose in Guadeloupe, Martinique, French Guiana, and mainland France between the late 1970s and the middle 2000s. Phylogeographic analyses support frequent non-B subtype viral transmissions within CSAFOT as well as transatlantic transmission between CSAFOT and mainland France. Domestic transmission networks of non-B subtype variants in CSAFOT comprise both men having sex with men and heterosexual individuals from different age groups. Different HIV-1 non-B subtype variants were sequentially introduced in CSAFOT between the late 1970s and the middle 2000s and are currently spreading through domestic, regional, and/or transatlantic networks of individuals from different age and risk groups.

scholarly journals HIV-1 Transmission Patterns Within and Between Risk Groups in Coastal Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
George M. Nduva ◽  
Amin S. Hassan ◽  
Jamirah Nazziwa ◽  
Susan M. Graham ◽  
Joakim Esbjörnsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Workers ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Transmission Networks ◽  
Coastal Kenya ◽  
Prevention Programmes ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Phylodynamic Analysis ◽  
Hiv 1

AbstractHIV-1 transmission patterns within and between populations at different risk of HIV-1 acquisition in Kenya are not well understood. We investigated HIV-1 transmission networks in men who have sex with men (MSM), injecting drug users (IDU), female sex workers (FSW) and heterosexuals (HET) in coastal Kenya. We used maximum-likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetics to analyse new (N = 163) and previously published (N = 495) HIV-1 polymerase sequences collected during 2005–2019. Of the 658 sequences, 131 (20%) were from MSM, 58 (9%) IDU, 109 (17%) FSW, and 360 (55%) HET. Overall, 206 (31%) sequences formed 61 clusters. Most clusters (85%) consisted of sequences from the same risk group, suggesting frequent within-group transmission. The remaining clusters were mixed between HET/MSM (7%), HET/FSW (5%), and MSM/FSW (3%) sequences. One large IDU-exclusive cluster was found, indicating an independent sub-epidemic among this group. Phylodynamic analysis of this cluster revealed a steady increase in HIV-1 infections among IDU since the estimated origin of the cluster in 1987. Our results suggest mixing between high-risk groups and heterosexual populations and could be relevant for the development of targeted HIV-1 prevention programmes in coastal Kenya.

scholarly journals HIV-1 genetic transmission networks among men who have sex with men in Kunming, China

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. e0196548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Chen ◽  
Yanling Ma ◽  
Huichao Chen ◽  
Jie Dai ◽  
Lijuan Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Networks ◽  
Genetic Transmission ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals HIV-1 Transmission Networks Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Asia

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 910-911 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. T. Ng ◽  
K. Y. Ng ◽  
J. H.-K. Chen ◽  
O. T. Ng ◽  
A. Kamarulzaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Networks ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals Non-disclosed men who have sex with men in UK HIV transmission networks: phylogenetic analysis of surveillance data

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. e309-e316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manon Ragonnet-Cronin ◽  
Stéphane Hué ◽  
Emma B Hodcroft ◽  
Anna Tostevin ◽  
David Dunn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
Transmission Networks ◽  
Sex With Men

AIDS 1987

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Desmyter
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Heterosexual Transmission ◽  
Hiv Screening ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Screening Assays ◽  
Anti Hiv ◽  
Hiv 1

AIDS virus (HIV) transmission by transfusions and blood products has been essentially halted in industrialized countries which haye introduced systematic anti-HIV screening of donations in 1985. New anti-HIV screening assays, based in part on the replacement of disrupted HIV virions by defined DNA recombinant HIV antigens, have improved specificity; sensitivity has been improved as to dectect seroconversion at an earlier stage. Confirmatory assays and (self-)exclusion of risk groups from blood donation do remain mandatory. HIVAg can be detected in some infections before antibody conversion, and HIVAg is more likely to be found in those anti-HIV positives who proceed to disease. However, there is no justification so far for routine parallel HIVAg and anti-HIV screening. There is continued uncertainty how many HIV carriers have not (yet) developed antibody, but their numbers may have been overestimated. Studies to determine how many HIV transmitters have escaped blood bank detection, and why, need to be undertaken in spite of formidable logistic difficulties.The risk of developing AIDS is now estimated at 25-50 % within 10 years after the infectious contact. It is not clear whether the risk should be estimated differently in different groups or persons. In cities in Central Africa, 5-20 % of men and women are confirmed anti-HIV positives. At least 75 % of this HIV carrier rate is due to heterosexual transmission. Heterosexual transmission has been slower in Western countries, but factors precluding slow evolution to high figures by the same route outside Africa have not been identified. Therefore, countries have no choice in advocating behaviour changes in the general population, and not only in the classical risk groups. Initial hesitations toward extended voluntary and confidential screening are dwindling. Well-conceived confidential screening may be the only way to avoid strong-armed government intervention. The latter is certain to be divisive, and is likely to be counterproductive on balance.An efficacious vaccine remains remote, but an antiviral which prolongs life by at least several months in AIDS patients, but not all of them, is now available. Zidovudine (AZT), however, is toxic and mere prolongation of life without cure will impose an additional burden on AIDS economics.A novel virus (HIV-2) has been identified and is already widespread in West-Africans. It causes AIDS, but the present ratio of AIDS cases in those infected seems lower than with HIV(-l); this feature may be transient. HIV-2 antibodies are either detected or missed by anti-HIV-1 screens; if found, they can be distinguished from anti-HIV-1 only by special confirmatory technique. New screening assays showing equal sensitivity for HIV-1 and HIV-2 in a single test should be devised. At present, HIV-2 is very rare in Western countries compared to HIV-1.

scholarly journals Evaluation of HIV Transmission Clusters among Natives and Foreigners Living in Italy

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lavinia Fabeni ◽  
Maria Mercedes Santoro ◽  
Patrizia Lorenzini ◽  
Stefano Rusconi ◽  
Nicola Gianotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Public Health Response ◽  
Health Response ◽  
Drug Naïve ◽  
Recent Diagnosis ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Italian Origin ◽  
Hiv 1

We aimed at evaluating the characteristics of HIV-1 molecular transmission clusters (MTCs) among natives and migrants living in Italy, diagnosed between 1998 and 2018. Phylogenetic analyses were performed on HIV-1 polymerase (pol) sequences to characterise subtypes and identify MTCs, divided into small (SMTCs, 2–3 sequences), medium (MMTCs, 4–9 sequences) and large (LMTCs, ≥10 sequences). Among 3499 drug-naïve individuals enrolled in the Italian Cohort Naive Antiretroviral (ICONA) cohort (2804 natives; 695 migrants), 726 (20.8%; 644 natives, 82 migrants) were involved in 228 MTCs (6 LMTCs, 36 MMTCs, 186 SMTCs). Migrants contributed 14.4% to SMTCs, 7.6% to MMTCs and 7.1% to LMTCs, respectively. HIV-1 non-B subtypes were found in 51 MTCs; noteworthy was that non-B infections involved in MTCs were more commonly found in natives (n = 47) than in migrants (n = 4). Factors such as Italian origin, being men who have sex with men (MSM), younger age, more recent diagnosis and a higher CD4 count were significantly associated with MTCs. Our findings show that HIV-1 clustering transmission among newly diagnosed individuals living in Italy is prevalently driven by natives, mainly MSM, with a more recent diagnosis and frequently infected with HIV-1 non-B subtypes. These results can contribute to monitoring of the HIV epidemic and guiding the public health response to prevent new HIV infections.

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