scholarly journals Factors associated with heterosexual transmission of HIV to individuals without a major risk within England, Wales, and Northern Ireland: a comparison with national probability surveys

2006 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
V L Gilbart
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Heterosexual Transmission ◽  
Factors Associated

The Reasons Why Suspects Confess during Custodial Interrogation: Data for Northern Ireland

1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 204-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
G H Gudjonsson ◽  
I Bownes
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Internal Pressure ◽  
External Pressure ◽  
Police Interrogation ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Property Offences

This study looks at the reasons offenders give for having confessed during police interrogation. A number of hypotheses were tested, following the work of Gudjonsson and Petursson (1991) on an Icelandic prison sample. The subjects were 80 offenders who were serving prison sentences in Northern Ireland for violence, sex or property offences. The subjects completed the Gudjonsson Confession Questionnaire. All of the hypotheses tested were supported, indicating that there are three primary factors associated with the reasons why criminals make confessions during interrogation. These factors are referred to as Internal Pressure, External Pressure and Proof. The factors were found to be associated with the type of offence committed and the attitude of the offender towards his confession.

Bovine tuberculosis in Northern Ireland: Risk factors associated with duration and recurrence of chronic herd breakdowns

2016 ◽  
Vol 131 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.P. Doyle ◽  
E.A. Courcier ◽  
A.W. Gordon ◽  
M.J.H. O’Hagan ◽  
F.D. Menzies
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Factors Associated

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Mortality Including Nursing Home Transitions: A Retrospective Analysis of 25,418 People Prescribed Anti-Dementia Drugs in Northern Ireland

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 1233-1242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan J. McMichael ◽  
Evi Zafeiridi ◽  
Peter Passmore ◽  
Emma L. Cunningham ◽  
Bernadette McGuinness
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Home ◽  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Factors Associated

scholarly journals Northern Ireland farm-level management factors for prolonged bovine tuberculosis herd breakdowns

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. P. Doyle ◽  
E. A. Courcier ◽  
A. W. Gordon ◽  
M. J. H. O'Hagan ◽  
P. Johnston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Farm Level ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Infection Source ◽  
Management Factors

Abstract This study determined farm management factors associated with long-duration bovine tuberculosis (bTB) breakdowns disclosed in the period 23 May 2016 to 21 May 2018; a study area not previously subject to investigation in Northern Ireland. A farm-level epidemiological investigation (n = 2935) was completed when one or more Single Intradermal Comparative Cervical Test (SICCT) reactors or when one or more confirmed (positive histological and/or bacteriological result) lesion at routine slaughter were disclosed. A case-control study design was used to construct an explanatory set of management factors associated with long-duration bTB herd breakdowns; with a case (n = 191) defined as an investigation into a breakdown of 365 days or longer. Purchase of infected animal(s) had the strongest association as the most likely source of infection for long-duration bTB herd breakdowns followed by badgers and then cattle-to-cattle contiguous herd spread. However, 73.5% (95% CI 61.1–85.9%) of the herd type contributing to the purchase of infection source were defined as beef fattening herds. This result demonstrates two subpopulations of prolonged bTB breakdowns, the first being beef fattening herds with main source continuous purchase of infected animals and a second group of primary production herds (dairy, beef cows and mixed) with risk from multiple sources.

scholarly journals Association of low plasma antioxidant levels with all-cause mortality and coronary events in healthy middle-aged men from France and Northern Ireland in the PRIME study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gareth J. McKay ◽  
Natalie Lyner ◽  
Gerry J. Linden ◽  
Frank Kee ◽  
Marie Moitry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Lifestyle Behaviours ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Plasma Antioxidant

Abstract Background The main underlying risk factors associated with coronary heart disease (CHD) are modifiable and oxidative injury and systemic inflammatory damage represent key aetiological factors associated with the development and progression of CHD and premature mortality. Objective To examine associations of plasma antioxidant status with all-cause mortality and fatal or non-fatal cardiovascular events. Design The PRIME study prospectively evaluated 9709 men aged 50–59 years between 1991 and 1993 in Northern Ireland and France who were free of CHD at recruitment and followed annually for deaths and cardiovascular events for 10 years. Serum concentrations of vitamin C, retinol, two forms of vitamin E (α- and γ-tocopherol) and six carotenoids were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography. Baseline conventional risk factors were considered, as well as socioeconomic differences and lifestyle behaviours including diet, smoking habit, physical activity, and alcohol consumption through Cox regression analyses. Results At 10 years, there were 538 deaths from any cause and 440 fatal or non-fatal cardiovascular events. After adjustment for country, age, systolic blood pressure, diabetes, body mass index, cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, height, total physical activity, alcohol consumption and smoking habit, higher levels of all antioxidants were associated with significantly lower risk of all-cause mortality, with the exception of γ-tocopherol. Only retinol was significantly associated with decreased risk of cardiovascular events in a fully adjusted model. Conclusions Low antioxidant levels contribute to the gradient of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular incidence independent of lifestyle behaviours and traditional cardiovascular and socioeconomic risk factors.

scholarly journals Epidemiological factors associated with the absence of previous HIV testing among HIV-positive persons in Singapore, 2012–2017

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. e050133
Author(s):  
Li Wei Ang ◽  
Matthias Paul Han Sim Toh ◽  
Irving Charles Boudville ◽  
Chen Seong Wong ◽  
Sophia Archuleta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Heterosexual Transmission ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Targeted Prevention ◽  
Hiv Diagnosis ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Epidemiological Factors

ObjectiveTo assess the temporal trend and identify risk factors associated with the absence of previous HIV testing prior to their diagnosis among HIV-positive persons in Singapore.Study designCross-sectional.Setting and participantsWe analysed data of HIV-positive persons infected via sexual transmission, who were notified to the National HIV Registry in 2012–2017.OutcomesEpidemiological factors associated with the absence of HIV testing prior to diagnosis were determined separately for two groups of HIV-positive persons: early and late stages of HIV infection at diagnosis.Results2188 HIV-positive persons with information on HIV testing history and CD4 cell count were included in the study. The median age at HIV diagnosis was 40 years (IQR 30–51). Nearly half (45.1%) had never been tested for HIV prior to their diagnosis. The most common reason cited for no previous HIV testing was ‘not necessary to test’ (73.7%). The proportion diagnosed at late-stage HIV infection was significantly higher among HIV-positive persons who had never been tested for HIV (63.9%) compared with those who had undergone previous HIV tests (29.0%). Common risk factors associated with no previous HIV testing in multivariable logistic regression analysis stratified by stage of HIV infection were: older age at HIV diagnosis, lower educational level, detection via medical care and HIV infection via heterosexual transmission. In the stratified analysis for persons diagnosed at early-stage of HIV infection, in addition to the four risk factors, women and those of Malay ethnicity were also less likely to have previous HIV testing prior to their diagnosis.ConclusionTargeted prevention efforts and strategies are needed to raise the level of awareness of HIV/AIDS and to encourage early and regular screening among the at-risk groups by making HIV testing more accessible.

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