plasma antioxidant
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2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (Supplement_G) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelica Cersosimo ◽  
Caterina Franco ◽  
Edoardo Sciatti ◽  
Gaia Favero ◽  
Enrico Vizzardi ◽  
...  

Abstract Aims Arterial hypertension, especially if not well-controlled, is one of the main risk factors predisposing to fatal cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Moreover, the diagnosis of essential hypertension are increasing, therefore oxidative stress and chronic inflammation have also been identified as potential responsible for the development of endothelial damage. Among all the molecules, melatonin (MT) was chosen for its role as a powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory endogenous molecule. This trial aims to evaluate the early intervention at the base of the inflammatory and oxidative cascade (that results in the development of hypertension), to restore an oxidative balance leading to positive results even at the endothelial and vascular level using MT in addition to anti-hypertensive therapy. Methods The trial is randomized, prospective and monocentric control. We enrolled 23 patients with hypertension in absence of other cardiovascular or autoimmune diseases that could alter the oxidative background, from March 2018 to April 2019 (recruitment period). Patients were randomly assigned to two groups: ‘melatonin group’ (in which 16 patients add 1 mg/day of melatonin for a year, to their already settled therapy), and a ‘control’ group (consisting of 7 patients with no changes in their therapy). The average follow-up was 1 year from randomisation. Patients were evaluated before and after a period of 1 year through MT plasma concentration and serum antioxidant capacity (TAC) by specific quantitative ELISA method. Therefore endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness were evaluated too (using the non-invasive methods of EndoPAT and SphygmoCor). Results In ‘melatonin group’ arterial stiffness index statistically decreased (P 0.022), according to a significant increase in plasma melatonin values (P 0.003) and significant decrease in TAC levels (P 0.041) despite the ‘control’ group. The improvement of endothelial function was not significant (P 0.688). Blood pressure had not a significative improvement too (P 0.401). Conclusions Data obtained could confirm the hypothesis of activation of plasma antioxidant system against a situation of altered oxidative balance. In fact, it is possible to hypothesize a correlation between TAC and arterial stiffness that confirm the antioxidant role of MT. The combination between antihypertensive therapy and antioxidant supplementation is able to improve the vascular stiffness. Data obtained are still preliminary and present some limitations but we can think of proposing this trial as a future basis for other extensive and prolonged studies.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakub Kaźmierski ◽  
Piotr Miler ◽  
Agnieszka Pawlak ◽  
Hanna Jerczyńska ◽  
Joanna Woźniak ◽  
...  

AbstractCoronary-artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery is known to improve cardiac function and decrease mortality, albeit, this method of treatment is also associated with a neuropsychiatric complications including postoperative delirium. The pathophysiology of delirium after cardiac surgery remains poorly understood. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether oxidative stress reflected by decreased preoperative and postoperative plasma antioxidant activity is independently associated with delirium after cardiac surgery. The second aim was to assess whether decreased antioxidant activity is stress-related or mediated by other pathologies such as major depressive disorder (MDD), anxiety disorders, and cognitive impairment. Furthermore, the putative relationship between pre- and postoperative soluble receptor for advanced glycation end-products (sRAGE) overexpression and plasma antioxidant capacity was evaluated. The patients cognitive status was assessed 1 day preoperatively with the use of the Mini-Mental State Examination Test and the Clock Drawing Test. A diagnosis of MDD and anxiety disorders was established on the basis of DSM-5 criteria. Blood samples for antioxidant capacity and sRAGE levels were collected both preoperatively and postoperatively. The Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit was used within the first 5 days postoperatively to screen for a diagnosis of delirium. Postoperative delirium was diagnosed in 34% (61 of 177) of individuals. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that low baseline antioxidant capacity was independently associated with postoperative delirium development. Moreover, increased risk of delirium was observed among patients with a preoperative diagnosis of MDD associated with antioxidant capacity decreased postoperatively. According to receiver operating characteristic analysis, the most optimal cutoff values of the preoperative and postoperative antioxidant capacity that predict the development of delirium were 1.72 mM and 1.89 mM, respectively. Pre- and postoperative antioxidant capacity levels were negatively correlated with postoperative sRAGE concentration (Spearman's Rank Correlation − 0.198 and − 0.158, p < 0.05, respectively). Patients with decreased preoperative antioxidant activity and those with depressive episodes complicated with lower postoperative antioxidant activity are at significantly higher risk of delirium after cardiac surgery development. sRAGE overexpression may be considered as protective mechanism against increased oxidative stress and subsequent cell damage.


Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1926
Author(s):  
Anna Freeman ◽  
Doriana Cellura ◽  
Magdalena Minnion ◽  
Bernadette O. Fernandez ◽  
Cosma Mirella Spalluto ◽  
...  

Redox dysregulation and oxidative stress have been implicated in asthma pathogenesis. Exercise interventions improve symptoms and reduce inflammation in asthma patients, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We hypothesized that a personalised exercise intervention would improve asthma control by reducing lung inflammation through modulation of local and systemic reactive species interactions, thereby increasing antioxidant capacity. We combined deep redox metabolomic profiling with clinical assessment in an exploratory cohort of six female patients with symptomatic asthma and studied their responses to a metabolically targeted exercise intervention over 12 weeks. Plasma antioxidant capacity and circulating nitrite levels increased following the intervention (p = 0.028) and lowered the ratio of reduced to oxidised glutathione (p = 0.029); this was accompanied by improvements in physical fitness (p = 0.046), symptoms scores (p = 0.020), quality of life (p = 0.046), lung function (p = 0.028), airway hyperreactivity (p = 0.043), and eosinophilic inflammation (p = 0.007). Increased physical fitness correlated with improved plasma antioxidant capacity (p = 0.019), peak oxygen uptake and nitrite changes (p = 0.005), the latter also associated with reductions in peripheral blood eosinophil counts (p = 0.038). Thus, increases in “redox resilience” may underpin the clinical benefits of exercise in asthma. An improved understanding of exercise-induced alterations in redox regulation offers opportunities for greater treatment personalisation and identification of new treatment targets.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Weibin Wu ◽  
Liqiang Li ◽  
Jian Yang ◽  
Pinyu Li ◽  
Yuying Hu ◽  
...  

Aims. To explore the effects of Biejiaxiaozheng pills on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats through the NF-κB/Nrf2 pathway and to explore the possible antifibrotic mechanisms of the drug. Material and Method. A rat model of hepatic fibrosis was established via CCl4 induction. Liver function and antioxidant indices were detected using commercial kits. Hematoxylin-eosin and Masson staining were used to detect pathological changes in hepatic tissues. ELISA was used to measure plasma TNF-α, IL-β, and IL-6 levels. RT-PCR was used to measure changes in TNF-α, IL-β, and IL-6 levels in hepatic tissues. Changes in p65, P-p65, Nrf2, and HO-1 protein expression were detected using western blotting. Results. In rats with hepatic fibrosis, Biejiaxiaozheng pills effectively improved liver function, alleviated fibrosis in hepatic tissues, and significantly reduced collagen accumulation. The pills significantly downregulated inflammatory cytokine expression in hepatic tissues by suppressing p65 phosphorylation and reduced plasma inflammatory cytokine levels to some extent. The pills upregulated Nrf2 and HO-1 expression in hepatic tissues, enhanced antioxidant potential, and upregulated plasma antioxidant levels. Conclusion. Biejiaxiaozheng pills improved hepatic fibrosis symptoms and lesions in rats, likely by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway and promoting the Nrf2 pathway.


Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3323
Author(s):  
Xuemei Zhao ◽  
Jizhe Wang ◽  
Ge Gao ◽  
Valentino Bontempo ◽  
Chiqing Chen ◽  
...  

This study evaluated the effects of dietary gallic acid (GA) on growth performance, diarrhea incidence and plasma antioxidant status of weaned piglets regardless of whether weaning weight was high or low. A total of 120 weaned piglets were randomly allocated to four treatments in a 42-day experiment with a 2 × 2 factorial treatment arrangement comparing different weaning weights (high weight (HW) or low weight (LW), 8.49 ± 0.18 kg vs. 5.45 ± 0.13 kg) and dietary treatment (without supplementation (CT) or with supplementation of 400 mg/kg of GA). The results showed that HW piglets exhibited better growth performance and plasma antioxidant capacity. Piglets supplemented with GA had higher body weight (BW) on day 42 and average daily gain (ADG) from day 0 to 42 compared to the control piglets, which is mainly attributed to the specific improvement on BW and ADG of LW piglets by the supplementation of GA. The decreased values of diarrhea incidence were seen in piglets fed GA, more particularly in LW piglets. In addition, dietary GA numerically reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) content in plasma of LW piglets. In conclusion, our study suggests that dietary GA may especially improve the growth and health in LW weaned piglets.


Folia Medica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 760-767
Author(s):  
Velko Minchev ◽  
Nadya Hristova-Avakumova ◽  
Kalina Kamenova ◽  
Liliya Atanasova ◽  
Marin Angelov ◽  
...  

Introduction: Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer type worldwide. Fluoropyrimidines and their prodrug-based regimens are widely applied as primary medications. The main enzyme responsible for the rate-limiting step in pyrimidine and for the 5-fluorouracil catabolism is dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD). Aim: We aimed to screen DPD level and the changes of plasma antioxidant capacity of colorectal cancer patients on 5-fluorouracil regimen.&nbsp; Materials and methods: Human DPD Elisa Kit based on sandwich enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay and spectrophotometric methods (FRAP and ABTS) were used in the study. Results: No statistically significant changes in plasma scavenging activity according to the results obtained in the ABTS system have been observed after evaluating all patients and considering DPD concentration. A decrease of the ferric reducing ability of patients&rsquo; plasma taken after the administered treatment was found. The increase of DPD level is accompanied by a decrease in the p values and therefore the statistical significance of the differences increases. Conclusions: Based on the aforementioned observations, it could be concluded that some aspects of plasma antioxidant capacity and individuals&rsquo; antioxidant status might be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease and could be altered by the activity of some enzymes. The cancer therapy in question, by the specificity of its mechanism of action, can modify patient&rsquo;s oxidative status.


Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 3872
Author(s):  
Jing-Yao Zhang ◽  
Hui-Chen Lo ◽  
Feili Lo Yang ◽  
Yi-Fang Liu ◽  
Wen-Mein Wu ◽  
...  

Plant-rich diets alleviate oxidative stress and gut dysbiosis and are negatively linked to age-associated chronic disorders. This study examined the effects of consuming plant-based, antioxidant-rich smoothies and sesame seed snacks (PBASS) on antioxidant ability and gut microbial composition in older adults. Healthy and sub-healthy older adults (n = 42, 79.7 ± 8.6 years old) in two senior living facilities were given PBASS for 4 months. Blood and fecal samples were collected from these individuals at the baseline and after 2 and 4 months of PBASS consumption. After 2 months, serum levels of albumin and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and the ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) had increased significantly and erythrocytic glutathione, GSH/GSSG and superoxide dismutase activity had decreased significantly compared with baseline levels (p < 0.05). After 4 months, red blood cells, hematocrit, serum blood urea nitrogen and erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity had decreased significantly, whereas plasma and erythrocyte protein-bound sulfhydryl groups had increased significantly. Furthermore, plasma glutathione and total antioxidant capacity were significantly greater after 2 months and increased further after 4 months of PBASS consumption. The results of next generation sequencing showed that PBASS consumption prompted significant decreases in observed bacterial species, their richness, and the abundance of Actinobacteria and Patescibacteria and increases in Bacteroidetes in feces. Our results suggest that texture-modified, plant-based snacks are useful nutrition support to benefit healthy ageing via the elevation of antioxidant ability and alteration of gut microbiota.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 11472
Author(s):  
Olga Papagianni ◽  
Iraklis Moulas ◽  
Thomas Loukas ◽  
Athanasios Magkoutis ◽  
Dimitrios Skalkos ◽  
...  

Olive paste may exert bioactivity due to its richness in bioactive components, such as oleic acid and polyphenols. The present interventional human study investigated if the fortification of cookies with olive paste and herbs may affect postprandial lipemia, oxidative stress, and other biomarkers in healthy volunteers. In a cross-over design, 10 healthy volunteers aged 20–30 years, consumed a meal, rich in fat and carbohydrates (50 g cookies). After a washout week, the same volunteers consumed the same cookie meal, enhanced with 20% olive paste. Blood sampling was performed before, 0.5 h, 1.5 h, and 3 h after eating. Total plasma antioxidant capacity according to FRAP, ABTS, and resistance to copper-induced plasma oxidation, serum lipids, glucose, uric acid, and antithrombotic activity in platelet-rich plasma were determined at each timepoint. There was a significant decrease in triglycerides’ concentration in the last 1.5 h in the intervention compared to the control group (p < 0.05). A tendency for a decrease in glucose levels and an increase in the plasma antioxidant capacity was observed 0.5 h and 1.5 h, respectively, in the intervention compared to the control group. The remaining biomarkers did not show statistically significant differences (p > 0.05). More clinical and epidemiological studies in a larger sample are necessary in order to draw safer conclusions regarding the effect of olive paste on metabolic biomarkers, with the aim to enhance the industrial production of innovative functional cookies with possible bioactivity.


2021 ◽  
Vol 07 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeun-Hwa Gu ◽  
Takenori Yamashita ◽  
Ki-Mun Kang ◽  
Tota Inoue

Background: Radiation dose is limited by deleterious nontarget effects, such as immunosuppression, necessitating the development of safe radioprotectants. In this study, we examined the radioprotective and anticancer efficacies of the traditional medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum (GL) in a mouse xenograft tumor model. Methods: An aqueous extract was prepared from raw GL and administered by intraperitoneal injection. For the assessment of antitumor efficacy, ICR mice were inoculated with Sarcoma 180 cells and tumor growth (size and weight) compared among control (no treatment), GL alone, radiation alone, and GL plus radiation groups. For the assessment of the protection of the immune system, ICR mice received whole-body irradiation at 2 Gy for 2 weeks or longer with or without intraperitoneal GL administration, and changes in leukocyte, lymphocyte, and monocyte counts were measured. To examine the antioxidant efficacy of GL, ICR mice received whole-body radiation at 2 Gy with or without GL and plasma antioxidant activity measured by the luminol method. Results: Finally, the effects of GL on T helper (CD4-positive) and natural killer (CD8-positive) cell numbers were measured in C57BL mice by flow cytometry. GL administration alone suppressed tumor growth and the tumor-associated increase in lymphocyte and monocyte numbers. In addition, GL enhanced plasma antioxidant activity as well as both helper and natural killer T cell numbers in the presence and absence of irradiation. Conclusion: Collectively, these results demonstrate the antitumor and radioprotective efficacies of GL, which are likely mediated by protection against oxidative stress and preservation of immune cell populations.


Author(s):  
Olaniyi Solomon Ola

Backgroud: The toxicity of benzene leading to leukemia induction has been well documented in animal model. Aloe vera is a succulent perennial evergreen flowering plant used traditionally in the treatment of jaundice and was found to have potent cytotoxic effect against HL60 human acute myeloid leukemia. The present study investigated the in vivo chemoprotective effects of Aloe vera gel on benzene-induced leukemia in rats. Methodology: Leukemia was induced in male Wistar rats of 80-90g weight by intravenously administered 0.2ml benzene solution alternate days for four weeks. Following induction, leukemic rats and normal baseline control rats were randomly assigned into four experimental groups of 6 animals each as follows: Group CTRL (control), normal baseline control rats; Group AVG (Aloe vera gel), normal baseline rats treated with Aloe vera gel (150 mg/kg) for 7 days, Group LKR (leukemic rats), untreated leukemic rats serving as leukemia control and Group LKR + AVG, leukemic rats treated with Aloe vera gel (150 mg/kg) for 7 days. Results: Leukemic rats showed altered hematology and morphological deformations such as anisocytosis, poikilocytosis and blast cells occurrence in peripheral blood. Also hypercellularity, severe dysplasia and significantly elevated micronucleated polychromatic erythrocyte were observed in marrow of leukemic rats. Moreover, benzene caused a significant elevation in plasma level of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) with concomitant reduction in total sulfhydryl and arylesterase activity. However, treatment with Aloe vera gel restored blood hematology to near normal and mitigated the deformities in blood cell morphology induced by benzene. Aloe vera supplementation also effected a disappearance of dysplasia and diminution in the frequency of micronucleus in the bone marrow of treated leukemic rats. It also enhanced plasma antioxidant capability by restoring sulfhydryl content and arylesterase activity of the blood and abrogated the increase in plasma content of AOPPs. Conclusion: Overall, Aloe vera gel offered chemoprotective effect on Benzene-induced leukemia in rats.


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