scholarly journals Serum bilirubin and ischaemic stroke: a review of literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-204
Author(s):  
Xiao Wang ◽  
Danhong Wu ◽  
Ping Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Ischaemic Stroke ◽  
Serum Bilirubin ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Cochrane Database ◽  
Central Register ◽  
Comprehensive Search ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidant ◽  
The Cochrane Library

Bilirubin, a product of heme metabolism, is the most potent endogenous antioxidant which increases in many oxidative stress conditions such as stroke. It has been widely known to exert neuroprotective effect on stroke through mechanisms involved in development, therefore, it can influence the occurrence and prognosis of ischaemic stroke (IS). In this review, studies were identified by a comprehensive search of Pubmed, Embase, the Cochrane Library (Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Cochrane Methodology Register) and Web of Science to examine the correlation between serum bilirubin levels and risks of developing IS as well as IS outcomes. Additional studies were identified by reviewing references and contacting authors.

Cochrane corner: ergonomic positioning or equipment for treating carpal tunnel syndrome

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 580-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Buchan ◽  
R. Amirfeyz
Keyword(s):  
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome ◽  
Carpal Tunnel ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Central Register ◽  
Tunnel Syndrome ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
The Cochrane Library

Background: Non-surgical treatments, including ergonomic positioning or equipment, are sometimes offered to people experiencing mild to moderate symptoms from carpal tunnel syndrome. The effectiveness and duration from ergonomic positioning or equipment interventions for treating carpal tunnel syndrome are unknown. Objectives: To assess the effects of ergonomic positioning compared with no treatment, a placebo or another non-surgical intervention in people with carpal tunnel syndrome. Search methods: We searched the Cochrane Neuromuscular Disease Group Specialized Register (14 June 2011), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (2011, Issue 2, in The Cochrane Library), MEDLINE (1966 to June 2011), EMBASE (1980 to June 2011), CINAHL Plus (1937 to June 2011), and AMED (1985 to June 2011). We also reviewed the reference lists of randomized or quasi-randomized trials identified from the electronic search. Selection criteria: Randomized or quasi-randomized controlled trials comparing ergonomic positioning or equipment with no treatment, placebo or another non-surgical intervention in people with carpal tunnel syndrome. Data collection and analysis: Two review authors independently selected trials for inclusion, extracted data and assessed risk of bias of included studies. They calculated risk ratios and mean differences with 95% confidence intervals for the primary and secondary outcomes. Results of clinically and statistically homogeneous trials were pooled, where possible, to provide estimates of the effect of ergonomic positioning or equipment.

scholarly journals Over-the-Counter Tooth Whitening Agents: A Review of Literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arti. S. Naidu ◽  
Vincent Bennani ◽  
John M. Aarts Paul Brunton ◽  
Paul Brunton
Keyword(s):  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Tooth Whitening ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Assessment Development ◽  
Ranking Criteria ◽  
Central Register ◽  
The Cochrane Library

Abstract There is an increased accessibility of over-the-counter (OTC) whitening agents with very little data in the literature regarding their effectiveness. This review was done to determine their effectiveness of the predominant OTC whitening agents from 2006 until 2018 where a comparison of each agent was made with a placebo, no treatment or with other OTC whitening agents. The major categories of OTC whitening agents such as dentifrices, whitening strips and paint on gels. Dentist prescribed bleaching applied at home and in-office bleaching studies and studies that demonstrated whitening products to participants were excluded. Articles were searched for in the databases of Medline (Ovid), PubMed, the Cochrane Library and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Twenty-four articles were included in the systematic review and the quality of studies was determined by the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations) ranking criteria. Compared to other OTC, strips are reported to be effective. Two studies determined whitening strips to be effective. Whitening strips have been shown to be effective when compared with placebos and other OTC whitening agents. Dentifrices are effective in changing the shade of the tooth “by removing extrinsic stains” when compared to a placebo and non-whitening dentifrices, but they are not as effective in comparison to whitening strips. There is a lack of evidence with regards to the effectiveness of paint-on gels. While there is some evidence that OTC can alter shade in the short term, there is a need for better-designed studies.

Cochrane corner: water for wound cleansing

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Henton ◽  
A. Jain
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Ovid Medline ◽  
Central Register ◽  
The Cochrane Library

Background: Although various solutions have been recommended for cleansing wounds, normal saline is favoured as it is an isotonic solution and does not interfere with the normal healing process. Tap water is commonly used in the community for cleansing wounds because it is easily accessible, efficient and cost effective; however, there is an unresolved debate about its use. Objectives: The objective of this review was to assess the effects of water compared with other solutions for wound cleansing. Search strategy: For this update we searched the Cochrane Wounds Group Specialised Register (Searched 22 February 2010); The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) ( The Cochrane Library, 2010 Issue 1); Ovid MEDLINE – 2007 to February Week 2 2010; Ovid MEDLINE – In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations (Searched19 February 2010); Ovid EMBASE – 2007 to 2010 Week 06; EBSCO CINAHL – 2007 to 22 February 2010. Selection criteria: Randomized and quasi-randomized controlled trials that compared the use of water with other solutions for wound cleansing were eligible for inclusion. Additional criteria were outcomes that included objective or subjective measures of wound infection or healing. Data collection and analysis: Two review authors independently carried out trial selection, data extraction and quality assessment. We settled differences in opinion by discussion. We pooled some data using a random-effects model.

scholarly journals Effects of diabetes mellitus on gallbladder

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 2622
Author(s):  
Bandar Alshalawi ◽  
Abdullah Almuslam ◽  
Reem Alqahtani ◽  
Al-Hanuf Al-Bokhari ◽  
Wed Alnajjar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Gallbladder Disease ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Cochrane Database ◽  
Central Register ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Comprehensive Search ◽  
Additional Support ◽  
Diabetes Patients

Diabetes has been theorized to build the danger of gallbladder complaint in light of the perception that insulin resistance and obesity are related with gallbladder. We conducted this meta-analysis using a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials till 15 January 2017 for prospective observational studies that assessed the relationship of the effects of diabetes mellitus on gallbladder. We identified 8 prospective studies that could be included in the meta-analysis which included 6,089,807 participants. The summary RR for diabetes patients was 1.42 (95% CI: 1.32–1.87, I2=99.4%, p<0.0001). Although heterogeneity in general was very high, there was no heterogeneity between the studies with longer duration of follow-up. There was no evidence of publication bias. Our study shows additional support for an increased risk of gallbladder disease between diabetes patients.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of influenza vaccine in children

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 2632
Author(s):  
Nof Saadi AlQarni ◽  
Alzain Mohammid Abdulla ◽  
Reham Hassan Abdulaziz Abdu ◽  
Basim Faiqe Noor Khan ◽  
Ahmed Hussain D. Alherz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Influenza Infection ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Duration Of Illness ◽  
Cochrane Database ◽  
Central Register ◽  
Comprehensive Search ◽  
The Difference

Oseltamivir delivers modest clinical advantages to children with influenza when started within 48 hours of symptom beginning. Nevertheless, effectiveness and safety stay controversial. We conducted the current meta-analysis using a comprehensive search of EMBASE, MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials till 15 February 2018 for randomized controlled trials of oseltamivir therapy in children. Four studies met the search criteria. Overall, oseltamivir treatment significantly reduced the duration of illness in the ITTI population (RMST difference, -18.2 hours; 95% CI, −32.2 to −0.6 hours). In trials that enrolled patients without asthma, the difference was larger (RMST difference −26.7 hours; 95% CI, −49.8 to −6.1 hours).Risk of otitis media was 34% lower in the ITTI population. Vomiting was the only adverse event with a significantly higher risk in the treatment group. Regardless of considerable heterogeneity in pediatric trials, we found that treatment with oseltamivir treatment started within 24 hours of symptom onset provides substantial benefits to children with influenza infection and lowered the risk of developing otitis media. 

Immediate Effect of Fan Therapy in Terminal Cancer With Dyspnea at Rest: A Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 294-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Kako ◽  
Masamitsu Kobayashi ◽  
Yasufumi Oosono ◽  
Kohei Kajiwara ◽  
Mika Miyashita
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Terminal Cancer ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Central Register ◽  
Nonmalignant Disease ◽  
The Cochrane Library

Background: Dyspnea is a common distressing symptom in patients with malignant and nonmalignant diseases. Fan therapy, which uses a fan to blow air toward the patient’s face, can alleviate dyspnea; however, its efficacy remains unclear. Aim: To examine the immediate efficacy of fan therapy for alleviation of dyspnea at rest. Design: Meta-analysis. Data sources: We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials in the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE EBSCO, CINAHL EBSCO, and Scopus from January 1, 1987, to August 21, 2018 (PROSPERO-CRD42018108610). In addition, we hand-searched studies and used the similar articles feature on PubMed to search for articles. Randomized controlled trials comparing the effects of fan therapy with placebo or other interventions to alleviate dyspnea at rest, in which patients were aged ≥18 years, were eligible for inclusion in the review. We excluded articles on long-term intervention involving fan therapy and complex intervention (including fan therapy). The risk of bias assessment was conducted using the Cochrane tool, and the meta-analysis was performed using RevMan version 5.3. Results: We identified a total of 218 studies; 2 met our criteria for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Fan therapy significantly improved dyspnea at rest in terminally ill patients with cancer compared to control groups (mean difference: −1.31, 95% confidence interval: −1.79 to −0.83, P < .001). There were no studies that met the inclusion criteria regarding fan therapy for patients with nonmalignant disease. Conclusions: This meta-analysis demonstrated that fan therapy may be an effective intervention for dyspnea at rest in patients with terminal cancer.

scholarly journals Network Meta-Analysis of 10 Storage Mediums for Preserving Avulsed Teeth

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Zhang ◽  
Yuzhao Cheng ◽  
Fenglan Li ◽  
Qian Kang
Keyword(s):  
Green Tea ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Egg White ◽  
Coconut Water ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Oral Rehydration ◽  
Pdl Cells ◽  
Comprehensive Search ◽  
The Cochrane Library

Many storage mediums are available for the storage of avulsed teeth to preserve the viability of periodontal ligament (PDL) cells before replantation; however, it is unclear which medium is the optimal option. We performed this network meta-analysis to answer this question. A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane library to capture eligible studies investigating the comparative efficacy of Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS), aloe vera gel (AVG), oral rehydration solution (ORS), coconut water, egg white, green tea, propolis, saline, milk, and water. Statistical analysis was conducted using Review Manager v5.3 and ADDIS v1.16.8. In total, 20 RCTs involving 31 reports were included finally. Direct meta-analysis suggested that HBSS was superior to ORS, milk, saline, and water, ORS was superior to milk but inferior to coconut water and propolis, egg white was superior to milk but inferior to AVG and propolis, propolis was superior to AVG, milk, and saline, and coconut water and water was inferior to saline and milk, respectively. Network meta-analysis suggested that AVG was inferior to the other nine mediums, and propolis was superior to HBSS (SMD, −5260.24; 95% CrI, −10447.39 to −70.37) and milk (SMD, −5461.11; 95% CrI, −10574.99 to −328.51). Moreover, ranking probabilities indicated the highest probability for propolis, followed by saline, ORS, HBSS, milk, egg white, water, green tea, and AVG successively. Propolis may be the optimal media for storing avulsed teeth before replantation. However, given the availability of propolis and HBSS and the hypotonic properties of saline, ORS or milk should also be preferentially selected.

scholarly journals Análise da Revisão Cochrane: Alta Hospitalar Precoce para Hospitalização Domiciliária. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;6:CD000356.

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 835
Author(s):  
Mariana Alves ◽  
Miguel Bigotte Vieira ◽  
João Costa ◽  
António Vaz Carneiro
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Hospital Length ◽  
Hospital Length Of Stay ◽  
Care Group ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Cochrane Database ◽  
Central Register ◽  
Objective Evidence ◽  
Hospital At Home ◽  
At Home

Hospital at home is a service that provides active treatment by healthcare professionals in the patient’s home for a condition that otherwise would require acute hospital in-patient care. However, the clinical benefit of this intervention and its effect on health costs are not established. This Cochrane systematic review aimed to assess the effectiveness and costs of managing patients with hospital at home compared with inpatient hospital care. A systematic review of the literature was carried out by searching the following databases to 9 January 2017: Cochrane Effective Practice and Organization of Care Group (EPOC) register, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, EconLit and clinical trials registries. Thirty-two randomized trials (2 of which unpublished), including 4746 patients, were included. The present review provides insufficient objective evidence of economic benefit (through a reduction in hospital length of stay) or improved health outcomes.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review and Jurisdictional Scan of the Evidence Characterizing and Evaluating Assisted Peritoneal Dialysis Models

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 511-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Hofmeister ◽  
Scott Klarenbach ◽  
Lesley Soril ◽  
Nairne Scott-Douglas ◽  
Fiona Clement
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Cochrane Database ◽  
Central Register ◽  
Professional Assistance ◽  
Dialysis Outcomes ◽  
Assisted Peritoneal Dialysis

Background and objectivesCompared with hemodialysis, home peritoneal dialysis alleviates the burden of travel, facilitates independence, and is less costly. Physical, cognitive, or psychosocial factors may preclude peritoneal dialysis in otherwise eligible patients. Assisted peritoneal dialysis, where trained personnel assist with home peritoneal dialysis, may be an option, but the optimal model is unknown. The objective of this work is to characterize existing assisted peritoneal dialysis models and synthesize clinical outcomes.Design, setting, participants, & measurementsA systematic review of MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trails, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Embase, PsycINFO, and CINAHL was conducted (search dates: January 1995–September 2018). A focused gray literature search was also completed, limited to developed nations. Included studies focused on home-based assisted peritoneal dialysis; studies with the assist provided exclusively by unpaid family caregivers were excluded. All outcomes were narratively synthesized; quantitative outcomes were graphically depicted.ResultsWe included 34 studies, totaling 46,597 patients, with assisted peritoneal dialysis programs identified in 20 jurisdictions. Two categories emerged for models of assisted peritoneal dialysis on the basis of type of assistance: health care and non–health care professional assistance. Reported outcomes were heterogeneous, ranging from patient-level outcomes of survival, to resource use and transfer to hemodialysis; however, the comparative effect of assisted peritoneal dialysis was unclear. In two qualitative studies examining the patient experience, the maintenance of independence was identified as an important theme.ConclusionsReported outcomes and quality were heterogeneous, and relative efficacy of assisted peritoneal dialysis could not be determined from included studies. Although the patient voice was under-represented, suggestions to improve assisted peritoneal dialysis included using a person-centered model of care, ensuring continuity of nurses providing the peritoneal dialysis assist, and measures to support patient independence. Although attractive elements of assisted peritoneal dialysis are identified, further evidence is needed to connect assisted peritoneal dialysis outcomes with programmatic features and their associated funding models.

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