scholarly journals ‘To quarterback behind the scenes, third-party efforts’: the tobacco industry and the Tea Party

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 322-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Fallin ◽  
Rachel Grana ◽  
Stanton A Glantz
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Industry ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Tea Party

scholarly journals Framing the policy debate over tobacco control legislation and tobacco taxation in South Africa

2021 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2021-056675
Author(s):  
Mateusz Zygmunt Zatoński ◽  
Catherine O Egbe ◽  
Lindsay Robertson ◽  
Anna Gilmore
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Tobacco Industry ◽  
Public Debate ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Policy Debate ◽  
Multiple Data ◽  
Tobacco Tax ◽  
Tobacco Taxation

BackgroundIn 2018, South Africa opened public consultations on its newly proposed tobacco control bill, resulting in substantial public debate in which a range of arguments, either in favour of or against the Bill, was advanced. These were accompanied by the recurring discussions about the annual adjustments in tobacco taxation. This study uses the concept of framing to examine the public debate in South African print media on the potential effects of the legislation, as well as tobacco tax regulations, between their proponents and detractors.MethodsA systematic search of news articles using multiple data sources identified 132 media articles published between January 2018 and September 2019 that met the inclusion criteria.ResultsSeven overarching frames were identified as characterising the media debate, with the three dominant frames being Economic, Harm reduction and vaping, and Health. The leading Economic frame consisted primarily of arguments unsupportive of tobacco control legislation. Economic arguments were promoted by tobacco industry spokespeople, trade unions, organisations of retailers, media celebrities and think tanks—several of which have been identified as front groups or third-party lobbyists for the tobacco industry.ConclusionThe dominance of economic arguments opposing tobacco control legislation risks undermining tobacco control progress. Local and global tobacco control advocates should seek to build relationships with media, as well as collate and disseminate effective counterarguments to those advanced by the industry.

scholarly journals Illicit tobacco trade is ‘booming’: UK newspaper coverage of data funded by transnational tobacco companies

2020 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2018-054902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Evans-Reeves ◽  
Jenny Hatchard ◽  
Andy Rowell ◽  
Anna B Gilmore
Keyword(s):  
Media Coverage ◽  
Tobacco Industry ◽  
Third Parties ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Freedom Of Information ◽  
Industry Funding ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Illicit Trade ◽  
Illicit Tobacco Trade ◽  
Transnational Tobacco Companies

BackgroundTransnational tobacco companies (TTCs) have heavily publicised their argument that standardised tobacco packaging will increase the illicit tobacco trade. Leaked Philip Morris International (PMI) documents suggest that the company may have intended to use third parties to promulgate this argument in the UK.MethodsWe examined articles in UK newspapers (1 April 2013 to 31 March 2015) from LexisNexis for presence and nature of tobacco industry data. We also examined documents released by Freedom of Information requests made to Scottish Councils for evidence of how PMI operationalised its third-party strategy.FindingsTwo-thirds of newspaper articles (63%, 99/157) mentioned a PMI consultant; 36% of which did not disclose this industry funding. Most articles mentioned counterfeit tobacco, illicit whites or both (72%, 113/157), while few (4%, 7/157) specifically mentioned tobacco industry illicit tobacco and none explained that the latter can include tobacco-company involvement. Freedom of Information documents revealed that the PMI consultant sought to build relationships with Trading Standards officers, conducted undercover test purchases (UTPs) in illicit tobacco ‘hotspots’ and may have promoted unrepresentative findings in the media. While the data set featured PMI data predominantly, other TTCs also engaged in third-party techniques to promulgate messages on illicit tobacco.InterpretationPMI engaged a third party, seemingly with the aim of securing media coverage on illicit tobacco positing that standardised packaging would worsen the problem. The predominant focus of articles which featured industry-funded data and information was on counterfeit tobacco despite official data showing tobacco-industry illicit tobacco as the most prevalent. Other jurisdictions considering the policy should anticipate that third parties will promote the illicit-trade argument.

Coordination Between Tobacco Resource Development and Regional Economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 408-416
Author(s):  
Qiulan Xiang ◽  
Chengmo Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Regional Economy ◽  
Tobacco Industry ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Resource Development ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Institutional Characteristics ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Linkage Mechanism ◽  
Tobacco Monopoly

Objectives: This paper studies the relationship between the development of tobacco resources and the coordination of regional economy under the background of tobacco monopoly. Methods: This paper takes the institutional change theory as the theoretical fulcrum and the cost-benefit analysis as the main line, the correlation between regional economy and the development of tobacco industry is compared. This paper expounds the evolution history and institutional characteristics of China's tobacco monopoly system, and analyzes the changes of production, supply and marketing relationship, institutional characteristics and benefit distribution of the tobacco industry in each period. After the theoretical and empirical analysis of the costs and benefits of China's tobacco monopoly system, this paper studies the role of tobacco resource development in promoting regional economy by comparing the costs and benefits of radical and gradual reform. Results: On the premise of retaining tobacco monopoly, we should take the separation of government and enterprises and the reform of tobacco fiscal and tax system as the breakthrough. This can change the tobacco industry from administrative monopoly to economic monopoly and form tobacco trust. The linkage mechanism of "tax, profit and price" should be established to protect the interests of tobacco farmers. A tobacco auction center shall be established and a third-party tobacco rating agency shall be guided. Conclusion: The net income of the new system is higher than that of the old system. The healthy development of tobacco industry can promote regional economy.

scholarly journals Supporting Endgame Strategy in Tobacco Control

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement 2) ◽  
pp. 235s-235s
Author(s):  
S. Lipponen ◽  
M. Hara
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Tobacco Industry ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Communication Analysis ◽  
Cancer Society ◽  
Party Strategies ◽  
Program Policy ◽  
The Media ◽  
Effective Advocacy

Background and context: Finland has set itself the goal of ending the use of tobacco and other nicotine products by 2030. This would mean that <5% of the adult population would use tobacco and nicotine products daily. This goal has been set out in the Tobacco Act (2016). To help realize the goal, a working group appointed by the Ministry of Social Affairs and Health proposed 31 May 2018 a roadmap of measures. How does the Cancer Society of Finland best support these actions? Aim: Tobacco control is at the core focus of cancer prevention. The Cancer Society's strategic purpose is beating cancer. Strategy/Tactics: The Cancer Society of Finland supports advocacy work for tobacco- and nicotine-free Finland 2030 within several networks. The society has identified its strategic position in tobacco-control activities. Both its strategy and its communications need to be responsive and flexible. When creating awareness on societal level of cancer burden, we must not forget the role of the tobacco industry. Analyzing tobacco industry arguments and use of media is part of our strategic planning. Because tobacco industry strategies are global, the arguments it deploys can be anticipated. In Europe, third-party strategies and criticism toward regulation are among the usual industry tactics and are well documented. Program/Policy process: Tobacco-control legislation in Finland has been well received. One role for NGOs like the Cancer Society is to create critical awareness of industry tactics, especially among stakeholders, in the media, and in decision-making. Article 5.3. of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control needs better implementation and guidelines in Finland. Outcomes: Collaborative networks both nationally, regionally and globally are bases of tobacco control advocacy. Engaging the cancer community in tobacco control is a unique role for cancer societies. What was learned: 1. Experience sharing within network structures nationally and on the Nordic, European and global level is essential for effective advocacy. 2. In the field of communication analysis of industry arguments can spur effective media strategies to support tobacco control.

scholarly journals Containing diffusion: the tobacco industry’s multipronged trade strategy to block tobacco standardised packaging

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Crosbie ◽  
Robert Eckford ◽  
Stella Bialous
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Industry ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Government Documents ◽  
Global Diffusion ◽  
Party Support ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Investment Agreements ◽  
Trade And Investment ◽  
Tobacco Packaging ◽  
Packaging And Labelling

ObjectiveTo analyse the tobacco industry’s strategy of using trade and investment agreements to prevent the global diffusion of standardised packaging (SP) of tobacco products.MethodsReview of tobacco industry documents, relevant government documents and media items. The data were triangulated and thematically analysed.ResultsInternal tobacco industry documents reveal that during the early 1990s, tobacco companies developed a multipronged trade strategy to prevent the global diffusion of progressive tobacco packaging and labelling proposals, including SP. This strategy consisted of (1) framing the health issue in terms of trade and investment, (2) detailing alleged legal violations concerning trade barriers, intellectual property and investment rights, (3) threatening legal suits and reputational damage, and (4) garnering third-party support. These efforts helped delay SP until 2010 when Australia became the first country to reintroduce SP proposals, followed by governments in the UK and New Zealand in 2012, Ireland in 2013 and France in 2014. Review of government documents and media sources in each of the five countries indicate the industry continues to employ this multipronged strategy throughout the SP policy’s progression. Although this strategy is tailored towards each domestic context, the overall tobacco industry’s trade strategy remains consistently focused on shifting the attention away from public health and towards the realm of trade and investment with more corporate-friendly allies.ConclusionGovernments seeking to implement SP need to be prepared to resist and counter the industry’s multipronged trade strategy by avoiding trade diversions, exposing false industry legal and reputational claims, and monitoring third-party support.

The many faces of obligation

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Tomasello
Keyword(s):  
Third Party ◽  
The Many ◽  
Sense Of Obligation

Abstract My response to the commentaries focuses on four issues: (1) the diversity both within and between cultures of the many different faces of obligation; (2) the possible evolutionary roots of the sense of obligation, including possible sources that I did not consider; (3) the possible ontogenetic roots of the sense of obligation, including especially children's understanding of groups from a third-party perspective (rather than through participation, as in my account); and (4) the relation between philosophical accounts of normative phenomena in general – which are pitched as not totally empirical – and empirical accounts such as my own. I have tried to distinguish comments that argue for extensions of the theory from those that represent genuine disagreement.

A Macintosh Interface for the Cameca Camebax-Micro Electron Microprobe

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 438-439
Author(s):  
Carl E. Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microprobe ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Word Processing ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Computer Control ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Disk Storage ◽  
The Past ◽  
User Facility ◽  
Instrument Control

Over the past few years it has become apparent in our multi-user facility that the computer system and software supplied in 1985 with our CAMECA CAMEBAX-MICRO electron microprobe analyzer has the greatest potential for improvement and updating of any component of the instrument. While the standard CAMECA software running on a DEC PDP-11/23+ computer under the RSX-11M operating system can perform almost any task required of the instrument, the commands are not always intuitive and can be difficult to remember for the casual user (of which our laboratory has many). Given the widespread and growing use of other microcomputers (such as PC’s and Macintoshes) by users of the microprobe, the PDP has become the “oddball” and has also fallen behind the state-of-the-art in terms of processing speed and disk storage capabilities. Upgrade paths within products available from DEC are considered to be too expensive for the benefits received. After using a Macintosh for other tasks in the laboratory, such as instrument use and billing records, word processing, and graphics display, its unique and “friendly” user interface suggested an easier-to-use system for computer control of the electron microprobe automation. Specifically a Macintosh IIx was chosen for its capacity for third-party add-on cards used in instrument control.

Coding for Evaluation and Treatment

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Kander ◽  
Steve White
Keyword(s):  
Medical Record ◽  
Treatment Session ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Speech Language Pathologists ◽  
Adequate Information ◽  
Diagnosis Codes ◽  
Coding Rules ◽  
Procedure Codes ◽  
The Web

Abstract This article explains the development and use of ICD-9-CM diagnosis codes, CPT procedure codes, and HCPCS supply/device codes. Examples of appropriate coding combinations, and Coding rules adopted by most third party payers are given. Additionally, references for complete code lists on the Web and a list of voice-related CPT code edits are included. The reader is given adequate information to report an evaluation or treatment session with accurate diagnosis, procedure, and supply/device codes. Speech-language pathologists can accurately code services when given adequate resources and rules and are encouraged to insert relevant codes in the medical record rather than depend on billing personnel to accurately provide this information. Consultation is available from the Division 3 Reimbursement Committee members and from [email protected] .

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