Use of heated tobacco products in smoke-free locations in Japan: the JASTIS 2019 study

2020 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2020-055951
Author(s):  
Kosuke Kiyohara ◽  
Takahiro Tabuchi
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Internet Survey ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Japan Society ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Potential Factors ◽  
Significant Factors ◽  
At Home

ObjectiveWe aimed to examine the use of heated tobacco products (HTPs) in locations where cigarette smoking was not allowed, and to explore the factors associated with such use among Japanese HTP users.MethodsAn internet-based self-reported questionnaire survey was conducted in 2019 as part of the Japan Society and New Tobacco Internet Survey. The study subjects were respondents who self-reported having used HTPs in the last year. The proportions of those who had ever used or frequently used HTPs in locations where tobacco smoking was not allowed in the last year were calculated. These locations included home, restaurants and workplaces. Furthermore, potential factors associated with HTP use in such smoke-free locations were examined using multivariable logistic regression analyses.ResultsThe proportion of HTP users who had ever used HTPs in smoke-free locations in the last year was 20.7% (148/716) at home, 11.8% (128/1081) in restaurants and 11.9% (113/950) in workplaces. The proportion of those who had frequently used HTPs in those locations was 9.5% (68/716) at home, 4.8% (52/1081) in restaurants and 8.0% (76/950) in workplaces. The statistically significant factors associated with HTP use varied by location. Generally, respondents who thought HTP use was not forbidden in places where tobacco smoking is forbidden were likely to use HTPs in such locations.ConclusionIn Japan, a considerable number of people used HTPs in locations where tobacco smoking was not allowed. Policymakers should establish clear rules about use of HTPs in smoke-free environments.

Electronic cigarette use in restaurants and workplaces where combustible tobacco smoking is not allowed: an Internet survey in Japan

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kosuke Kiyohara ◽  
Takahiro Tabuchi
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Internet Survey ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Japanese Adults ◽  
Potential Factors

BackgroundThe present study aimed to examine the experience of actual electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use in smoke-free areas of restaurants and workplaces and to explore the determinants associated with such use among Japanese adults who reported any experience using e-cigarettes (e-cigarette ever-users).MethodsAn Internet-based self-reported questionnaire survey was conducted in 2015 on Japanese e-cigarette ever-users. The proportion of the respondents who had ever used or frequently used e-cigarettes in smoke-free restaurants and/or workplaces was calculated. Potential factors associated with e-cigarette use in those smoke-free areas were also examined by using multivariable logistic regression analyses.ResultsIn total, 1243 e-cigarette ever-users (662 current and 581 former e-cigarette users) were analysed. The majority of them (1020/1243, 82.1%) were male and their mean age ± SD was 47.0±10.4 years. The proportion of those who had ever used e-cigarettes in smoke-free restaurants was 28.8% (358/1243) and that in smoke-free workplaces was 25.5% (317/1243), respectively. The proportion of those who had frequently used e-cigarettes in smoke-free restaurants was 18.5% (230/1243) and that in smoke-free workplaces was 16.3% (202/1243), respectively. In general, the proportion of e-cigarette use in those smoke-free areas was higher among those having a higher educational level than those having a lower educational level.ConclusionAmong adult Japanese e-cigarette ever-users, approximately 26%–29% had ever used and 16%–19% had frequently used e-cigarettes in restaurants and/or workplaces where combustible tobacco smoking is not allowed. Policy-makers may need to establish explicit rules as to e-cigarette use in smoke-free environments.

scholarly journals Willingness to receive future COVID-19 vaccines following the COVID-19 epidemic in Shanghai, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yehong Zhou ◽  
Junjie Zhang ◽  
Wenwen Wu ◽  
Man Liang ◽  
Qiang-Song Wu
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Safety ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Pharmacological Interventions ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
History Of ◽  
Potential Factors ◽  
To Receive

Abstract Background There are no pharmacological interventions currently available to prevent the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 or to treat COVID-19. The development of vaccines against COVID-19 is essential to contain the pandemic. we conducted a cross-sectional survey of Shanghai residents to understand residents’ willingness to be vaccinated with any future COVID-19 vaccines and take measures to further improve vaccination coverage. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey using self-administered anonymous questionnaires from 1 July to 8 September 2020. The main outcome was willingness of participants, and any children or older individuals living with them, to receive future COVID-19 vaccines. Logistic regression analyses were used to explore potential factors associated with vaccination willingness. Results A total of 1071 participants were asked about their willingness to receive future COVID-19 vaccines, for themselves and at least 747 children and 375 older individuals (≥60 years old) living with them. The highest proportion of expected willingness to vaccinate was among participants (88.6%), followed by children (85.3%) and older individuals (84.0%). The main reasons for reluctance to vaccinate among 119 participants were doubts regarding vaccine safety (60.0%) and efficacy (28.8%). Participants with a self-reported history of influenza vaccination were more likely to accept COVID-19 vaccines for themselves [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.83; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.19–2.82], their children (adjusted OR = 2.08; 95%CI: 1.30–3.33), and older individuals in their household (adjusted OR = 2.12; 95%CI: 1.14–3.99). Participants with older individuals in their families were less willing to vaccinate themselves (adjusted OR = 0.59; 95%CI: 0.40–0.87) and their children (adjusted OR = 0.58; 95%CI: 0.38–0.89). Conclusions Participants were more reluctant to accept COVID-19 vaccines for older individuals living with them. The presence of older individuals in the home also affected willingness of participants and their children to be vaccinated.

scholarly journals Risk factors for symptomatic Avascular Necrosis (AVN) in a multi-ethnic Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) cohort

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0248845
Author(s):  
Syahrul Sazliyana Shaharir ◽  
Siew Huoy Chua ◽  
Rozita Mohd ◽  
Ruslinda Mustafar ◽  
Malehah Mohd Noh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Avascular Necrosis ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Osteoporotic Fractures ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Mobility Limitations ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression

Avascular necrosis of bone (AVN) is increasingly being recognized as a complication of SLE and causes significant disability due to pain and mobility limitations. We studied the prevalence and factors associated with avascular necrosis (AVN) in a multiethnic SLE cohort. SLE patients who visited the outpatient clinic from October 2017 to April 2019 were considered eligible. Their medical records were reviewed to identify patients who developed symptomatic AVN, as confirmed by either magnetic resonance imaging or plain radiography. Subsequently, their SLE disease characteristics and treatment were compared with the characteristics of patients who did not have AVN. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the independent factors associated with AVN among the multiethnic SLE cohort. A total of 390 patients were recruited, and the majority of them were females (92.6%); the patients were predominantly of Malay ethnicity (59.5%), followed by Chinese (35.9%) and Indian (4.6%). The prevalence of symptomatic AVN was 14.1%, and the mean age of AVN diagnosis was 37.6 ± 14.4 years. Both univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses revealed that a longer disease duration, high LDL-C (low density lipoprotein cholesterol), positive anti-cardiolipin (aCL) IgG and anti-dsDNA results, a history of an oral prednisolone dose of more than 30 mg daily for at least 4 weeks and osteoporotic fractures were significantly associated with AVN. On the other hand, hydroxychloroquin (HCQ), mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and bisphosphonate use were associated with a lower risk of AVN. No associations with ethnicity were found. In conclusion, several modifiable risk factors were found to be associated with AVN, and these factors may be used to identify patients who are at high risk of developing such complications. The potential protective effects of HCQ, MMF and bisphosphonates warrant additional studies.

scholarly journals Prevalence of and Factors Associated With Depressive Symptoms Among College Students in Wuhan, China During the Normalization Stage of COVID-19 Prevention and Control

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jincong Yu ◽  
Ziyun Yang ◽  
Yuqin Wu ◽  
Ming Ge ◽  
Xuemei Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Online Learning ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Psychological Intervention ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
And Control ◽  
At Home

Objectives: The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic has led to persistent negative psychological effects on the general public, especially on college students, who are highly susceptible to psychological difficulties, such as fear, anxiety, and depression. Little information is known about depressive symptoms among college students during the normalization stage of COVID-19 prevention and control in China. This study aimed to understand the prevalence of and factors associated with depressive symptoms after a long quarantine time and online learning at home among college students in Wuhan, China.Materials and Methods: A web-based survey was conducted from July to August 2020 during the Chinese summer holiday to collect data on sociodemographic variables, depressive symptoms, and their potential associated factors using an electronic questionnaire among college students in Wuhan, China. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was used to measure depressive symptoms. Binary logistic regression was used to explore the factors associated with depressive symptoms.Results: A total of 9,383 college students were included in the analysis. The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 15.8% (1,486/9,383) among college students. The binary logistic regression showed that the experience of being quarantined for observation or treatment, family members or friends dying of COVID-19, rarely or never seeking help from others, fewer supportive relatives or friends, less support from family in the past month, a worse relationship with parents at home, a longer time spent daily on electronic devices except for online learning, and feeling anxious in the face of returning to school were independently associated with a higher risk of depressive symptoms. Academic stress and concern about the epidemic were the main reasons for their anxiety.Conclusions: Targeted psychological intervention measures are recommended for college students to improve their mental health during the normalization stage of COVID-19 prevention and control.

scholarly journals Beliefs about the Harmfulness of Heated Tobacco Products Compared with Combustible Cigarettes and Their Effectiveness for Smoking Cessation among Korean Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (15) ◽  
pp. 5591
Author(s):  
Seung Hee Kim ◽  
Seo Young Kang ◽  
Hong-Jun Cho
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Korean Adults ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression ◽  
Negative Perceptions

Heated tobacco products (HTPs) have been widely used in Korea since their introduction in 2017. In this study, we investigated the perceptions of their relative harmfulness and smoking cessation effects. We performed an online survey in 7000 Koreans in 2018 (2300 males and 4700 females aged 20–69 years) by matching their age, sex, and provincial distribution. To investigate the factors causing HTPs to be perceived as less harmful than combustible cigarettes (CCs) and helpful for smoking cessation, we used multivariable logistic regression analyses. HTPs were less harmful than CCs in 16.8% of participants, particularly among HTP-only users and dual and triple users of HTPs, electronic cigarettes (ECs), or CCs than among CC-only users, those who were aged ≤ 34 years, males, and those with higher incomes. HTPs were reportedly helpful for smoking cessation in 11.2% of participants. Similar perceptions were more likely among HTP-only users, as well as dual and triple users than among CC-only users and adults with higher education/incomes. Although Korean adults generally had negative perceptions of the harmfulness and smoking cessation effects of HTPs compared with CCs, dual and triple users were more likely to have positive perceptions. Monitoring the use of multiple tobacco products and HTPs is a new challenge for Korean policymakers.

The Victim–Offender Overlap in Prison: Examining the Factors Associated With Group Membership

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626051989842
Author(s):  
Jane C. Daquin ◽  
Leah E. Daigle
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Small Proportion ◽  
Group Membership ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Correctional Facilities ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Prison Literature ◽  
Factors Associated

Historically, criminologists have examined offending and victimization in the community as separate outcomes. Recently, however, researchers have begun to explore the shared commonalities of being an offender and a victim. The victim–offender overlap literature shows that victimization and offending are not different and distinct outcomes, but rather these outcomes share numerous risk factors. A close examination of the victim–offender overlap has not been done within the prison literature. Thus, it remains unclear whether there are commonalities among prisoners who offend while incarcerated and those who experience victimization. The focus of the current study is to (a) identify the proportion of the prisoners who were victims-only, offenders-only, victim–offenders, or neither victim nor offender and (b) identify the factors that predict membership into the four categories of the overlap. The current study used the 2004 Survey of Inmates in State and Federal Correctional Facilities with multinomial logistic regression analyses to examine which factors are associated with group membership into the victim–only, offender–only, or victim–offender groups in prison. Findings show that although the victim–offender overlap exists among prisoners, the majority of prisoners were neither a victim nor an offender. Victim–offenders and victims-only comprise only a small proportion of the sample. Findings also indicate that there are few unique factors across the groups. Results of the study have implications policy and future research.

scholarly journals Nutritional and Non-Communicable Disease (NCD) Status Association with Fall among Older Persons in Malaysia: Findings from National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) Malaysia 2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
pp. 1448-1454
Author(s):  
Jayvikramjit Vikram Singh ◽  
◽  
Mohamad Fuad Mohamad Anuar ◽  
Azli Baharudin ◽  
Suhaila Abdul Ghaffar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Potential Factors ◽  
Simple Logistic ◽  
Non Communicable Disease

ntroduction Fall is a health problem for older persons. This study investigates the potential factors of concern: the nutritional status of the elderly and non-communicable disease association with incidents of falls. Methods and Materials This study used data from NHMS 2018, a cross-sectional design, applied two-stage stratified cluster sampling. Descriptive statistics such as the percentage of each variable were done. Factors associated with falls were determined at both univariate and multivariable levels using simple logistic regression and multiple logistic regression. The data were presented as standard values for each analysis and adjusted odds ratios with 95% CI with p values (<0.05). Results A total of 3,867 from 3,977 elderly (mean age 68.2+ 6.85) were recruited with the response rate of 97.2%. Factors associated with fall were 70 years old and above (AOR= 1.34, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.64), obesity (AOR=1.55, 95% CI: 1.21, 1.98), undernutrition (AOR=1.59, 95% CI: 1.30, 1.94), persons with 2 NCDs (AOR=1.49, 95% CI: 1.15, 1.92) and persons with 3 NCDs (AOR=1.63, 95% CI: 1.23, 2.16). Discussion and Conclusion Advanced age, malnutrition, obesity, and having two or more NCD are associated with falls in the NHMS 2018 study. In conclusion, falls are prevalent among older persons. There is an urgent need for public health strategies to decrease the incidence and early identification of those at risk. Implementation of fall preventive programs can also significantly reduce falls among the elderly.

scholarly journals Changing pattern of smoking behavior among Mongolian adolescents: Results from the GYTS (2003-2019)

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Badarch ◽  
E Paulik
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Tobacco Control Program ◽  
The Media ◽  
At Home

Abstract Background Tobacco use has become a global health concern. Most part of smokers initiate smoking during their adolescence. This study aims to analyze the changing pattern of cigarette smoking among adolescents in Mongolia. Methods The retrospective data analysis is based on four repeated national cross-sectional Global Youth Tobacco Surveys (GYTS) conducted in 2003, 2007, 2014 and 2019. Data were collected by self-administered questionnaires. The sample represented the students aged 12-16 years. Pearson's chi-squared tests and logistic regression analyses were performed by using IBM SPSS version 24 software. Results Altogether, 17,458 students participated in the four surveys. There was an overall decrease in the prevalence of ever smokers (40.4% in 2003, 21.2% in 2019; p &lt; 0.001), current smokers (9.2% in 2003, 4.4% in 2019), and planning of cessation (84.0% in 2003, 62.9% in 2019; p &lt; 0.001). Smoking related knowledge has been changed, e.g., the prevalence of students who thought smoking helps people feel more comfortable decreased from 28.3% to 7.2%. From the point of the media effects the percentage of students who saw anti-tobacco message in the media significantly decreased (from 84.0% to 62.9%, p &lt; 0.001). Additionally, the percentage of participants who were exposed to tobacco smoke at home decreased from 64.1% to 42.6% (p &lt; 0.001) between 2003 and 2019. The multivariate logistic regression analyses by years showed that males, those who were exposed by smoke at home, who thought that smoking makes people more comfortable were more likely to be current smokers; no association was found with anti-tobacco messages. Conclusions Despite of the implementation of tobacco control policies, smoking is a major problem in the Mongolian population. The findings of GYTSs provide information to the development of an adolescent specific national tobacco control program, which will help to combat the tobacco epidemic. Key messages A positive trend of smoking behavior among adolescents has been demonstrated in Mongolia. The findings help to develop a comprehensive adolescent specific school-based tobacco control program.

scholarly journals Incidence and risk factors for hypoglycemia in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
XiaoJing Zheng ◽  
Hong-Hong Yan ◽  
Bin Gan ◽  
Xiao-Ting Qiu ◽  
Jie Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Hba1c Level ◽  
Glycated Hemoglobin ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Cancer Center ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Factors Associated

Abstract AimTo evaluate the incidence and risk factors for hypoglycemia in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).MethodsWe collected and analyzed the clinical data of patients with HCC in our cancer center between April 2020 and June 2021. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the risk factors associated with hypoglycemia.ResultsThe incidence rate of hypoglycemia in patients with HCC was 28.9% (67/232). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed a significant association between hypoglycemia and Child-Pugh grade C (odds ratio [OR]=7.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.28–23.31, p=0.001), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level (OR=1.000035, 95% CI 1.000007–1.000063, p=0.015), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level (OR=0.46, 95% CI 0.29–0.73, p=0.001).ConclusionChild-Pugh stage and HbA1c and AFP levels were associated with hypoglycemia in patients with HCC. Our study suggests that these three factors should be comprehensively considered when estimating the risk of hypoglycemia in these patients, and the diagnosis, treatment, and nursing plan should be adjusted in time to reduce the incidence of hypoglycemia.

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