scholarly journals Nicotine dependence of cigarette and heated tobacco users in Japan, 2019: a cross-sectional analysis of the JASTIS Study

2021 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2020-056237
Author(s):  
Yan Kwan Lau ◽  
Sumiyo Okawa ◽  
Rafael Meza ◽  
Kota Katanoda ◽  
Takahiro Tabuchi
Keyword(s):  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Binomial Regression ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
Prevalence Ratios ◽  
Min Cut

ObjectivesJapan is currently the biggest market of heated tobacco products (HTPs) in the world. Little is known about nicotine dependence among HTP users. Thus, the objective was to assess the association of type of tobacco use and time-to-first-use, a marker of nicotine dependence.MethodsA cross-sectional analysis of the 2019 data from an internet cohort study was conducted. The analytical sample consisted of 2147 current (≥1 day use in the past 30 days) HTP and/or conventional cigarette users, aged 25+ years. Marginal structural binomial regression was used to estimate nicotine dependence prevalence ratios (PRs) for each category of tobacco use (exclusive daily cigarette, exclusive HTP (≥1 day), dual HTP+daily cigarette, dual HTP+non-daily cigarette), relative to exclusive, non-daily cigarette smoking.ResultsUsing a 5 min cut-off for time-to-first-use, the prevalence of nicotine dependence was higher among dual users of HTP and daily cigarettes (PR=1.38; 95% CI: 1.05 to 1.82) and exclusive, daily cigarette users (PR=1.48; 95% CI: 1.15 to 1.91), relative to exclusive, non-daily cigarette users. However, nicotine dependence among exclusive HTP users, and dual HTP+non-daily cigarette users, did not differ from that of exclusive, non-daily cigarette users. When using 15 and 30 min cut-offs, all types of users, including exclusive HTP, had higher levels of nicotine dependence relative to exclusive, non-daily cigarette users.ConclusionsRegardless of HTP use, daily cigarette users had higher prevalence of nicotine dependence compared with non-daily cigarette users. Exclusive HTP users had similar (or potentially higher) dependence compared with exclusive, non-daily cigarette users. Longitudinal studies are needed to interrogate the public health implications of growing HTP use worldwide.

scholarly journals Association between food insecurity and access to a mental health professional: cross-sectional analysis of NHANES 2007–2014

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Camille Burruss ◽  
Marina Girgis ◽  
Karen Elizabeth Green ◽  
Lingyi Lu ◽  
Deepak Palakshappa
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Professional ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Mental Health Professional ◽  
The United States ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Abstract Background To determine if individuals with food insecurity (FI) were less likely to have seen a mental health professional (MHP) within the past year than individuals without FI. Methods This is a cross-sectional analysis of data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted in the United States between 2007 and 2014. All participants 20 years of age or older were eligible for this study. We excluded participants who were pregnant, missing FI data, or missing data from the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). The primary outcome was self-reported contact with a MHP in the past 12 months. We used multivariable logistic regression models to test the association between FI and contact with a MHP, controlling for all demographic and clinical covariates. Results Of the 19,789 participants, 13.9% were food insecure and 8.1% had major depressive disorder (MDD). In bivariate analysis, participants with FI were significantly more likely to have MDD (5.3% vs 2.8%, p < 0.0001) and to have been seen by a MHP in the preceding 12 months (14.0% vs 6.9%, p < 0.0001). In multivariable models, adults with FI had higher odds of having seen a MHP (OR = 1.32, CI: 1.07, 1.64). Conclusions This study demonstrates that individuals with FI were significantly more likely to have seen a MHP in the preceding 12 months compared to individuals without FI. Given the growing interest in addressing unmet social needs in healthcare settings, this data suggests that visits with MHPs may be a valuable opportunity to screen for and intervene on FI.

scholarly journals Household food insecurity among patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and its associated factors in South India: a cross-sectional analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. e033798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reshma Ayiraveetil ◽  
Sonali Sarkar ◽  
Palanivel Chinnakali ◽  
Kathiresan Jeyashree ◽  
Mathavaswami Vijayageetha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
South India ◽  
Household Food Insecurity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
Prevalence Ratios

ObjectivesFood insecurity is ‘the limited or uncertain availability of nutritionally adequate, safe foods or inability to acquire foods in socially acceptable ways’. Majority of tuberculosis (TB) cases of resource-poor settings experience food insecurity, which impacts treatment adherence and outcomes. We aimed to determine level of household food insecurity (HFI) and its associated factors in patients with pulmonary TB.DesignThis is a cross-sectional analysis of data from an ongoing cohort study.SettingNational Tuberculosis Programme (NTP) in three districts of South India.ParticipantsAll newly diagnosed pulmonary TB cases of the cohort enrolled in the NTP at the Designated Microscopy Centres (DMCs) and Primary Health Centres (PHCs) from October 2015 to October 2018.Primary outcome measuresThe proportion of baseline HFI assessed using a validated HFI Access Scale was summarised as percentage with 95% CI. Possible association of sociodemographic, morbidity and behavioural characteristics with HFI was assessed using χ2test, and unadjusted prevalence ratios with 95% CI were calculated. The characteristics with values of p<0.2 in the univariate model were included in the multivariable generalised linear model (binomial function, log link) to derive adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) with 95% CI.ResultOf a total of 765 patients, 261 had HFI and the proportion was 34.1% (95% CI 30.8% to 37.6%). Mild, moderate and severe food insecurity was found in 17 (2.2%), 67 (8.8%) and 177 (23.1%) TB cases, respectively. Patients with TB who had monthly family income less than rupees 3000 (aPR 2.0; 95% CI 1.3 to 3.0), Karnofsky Score of 60 or less (aPR 1.5; 95% CI 1.1 to 1.9) and those who were employed (aPR 1.4; 95% CI 1.0 to 2.0) were independently associated with HFI.ConclusionsA high level of food insecurity was seen in households with TB cases. Additional food or cash assistance for this subgroup might improve food insecurity and thereby nutritional status.

scholarly journals Patterns of recommended vaccine receipt among women ages 24–45 years: a cross-sectional analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mallory K. Ellingson ◽  
Carlos R. Oliveira ◽  
Sangini S. Sheth ◽  
Erin L. Sullivan ◽  
Ashlynn Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
White Women ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Vaccine receipt among mid-adults remains low, with only one quarter of adults being up to date for all recommended vaccines. It is important to understand the myriad factors that influence vaccine receipt among mid-adult women to address these low rates. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of data from women ages 24–45 years collected as part of an ongoing case-control study of the effectiveness of HPV vaccine. We examined associations between demographic characteristics and healthcare utilization and receipt of individual vaccines and combinations of multiple vaccines using logistic regression analyses for three routinely recommended vaccines: tetanus, influenza and HPV. Results Among the 309 women enrolled in the study, only 19 (6.2%) were up to date for all three recommended vaccines and 41 (13.3%) had not received any of the recommended vaccines. A greater number of health care visits in the past year was associated with receipt of influenza (aOR = 6.37, 95% CI = 2.53, 16.1) and tetanus (aOR = 2.17, 95% CI = 1.14, 4.12) vaccines. White women were more likely to have received HPV vaccine (aOR = 2.39, 95% CI = 1.07, 5.36). Conclusions Uptake of recommended vaccines is low among young and mid-adult women. There is a need for greater understanding of the underlying factors influencing vaccine receipt in this population.

scholarly journals Publicly insured caesarean sections in private hospitals: a repeated cross-sectional analysis in Chile

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. e024241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florencia Borrescio-Higa ◽  
Nieves Valdés
Keyword(s):  
Public Insurance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Private Hospitals ◽  
The Public ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Maternal Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Hospital Births ◽  
Publicly Insured ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
Privately Insured

ObjectiveTo measure the likelihood of delivery by caesarean section (C-section) for publicly insured births as compared with privately insured births, across all hospitals and within private hospitals.DesignRepeated cross-sectional analysis.SettingThe universe of hospital births in 15 regions of Chile.Participants2 405 082 singleton births between 2001 and 2014.Outcome measuresC-section rates by type of hospital and type of insurance; contribution to overall C-section rates of subgroups by type of insurance and type of hospital; adjusted OR of privately insured births delivered by C-section compared with publicly insured births, across all hospitals and within private hospitals; percentage of discharges related to maternal morbidity and mortality across groups; length of stay after delivery.ResultsAn increasing percentage of publicly insured births occur in private facilities each year. Approximately three out of four publicly insured births in private hospitals are delivered by C-section. The adjusted odd of C-section delivery in a private maternity unit is lower for those privately insured than for those with public insurance: OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.56 to 0.64. There is no evidence that these women would have been more likely to have a C-section out of medical necessity.ConclusionsWe find an association between high C-section rates and publicly insured women delivering at private institutions in Chile, and show that this group is driving the overall high and growing rates. There is a need for a more informed surveillance on the part of the public insurance system of its private providers’ C-section practices.

scholarly journals Utilization of AYUSH Advocacies and Measures in the Indian Population for the Prevention of COVID 19: Insights from a Mobile Application (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Srikanth ◽  
Rakesh Rana ◽  
Dr Richa Singhal ◽  
Sophia Jameela ◽  
Shruti Khanduri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Delivery ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Mobile Application ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Public ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Sectional Analysis

BACKGROUND India follows a pluralistic system for strategic and focused health care delivery, where the traditional systems of medicine such as Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, Sowa Rigpa, and Homoeopathy co-exist with Contemporary medicine and functions under the Ministry of AYUSH (MoA). The MoA had developed a mobile application - AYUSH Sanjivani, to document the trends of the utilization of AYUSH based traditional and holistic measures by the public across India. The assessment of data generated through this app would help monitor the extent of the utilization of AYUSH measures for primary prevention and would aid in effective health promotion/communication efforts solely focused on targeted health care delivery in the time of the pandemic. OBJECTIVE The purpose of the study was to determine the extent of utilization of AYUSH advocacies and measures by the public in the prevention of COVID 19, as reported through the mobile app; “AYUSH Sanjivani”. METHODS Cross-sectional analysis of the data, generated through the AYUSH Sanjivani app from 4th May 2020 to 31st July 2020 was done to study the pattern and extend of the utilization of AYUSH-based measures by the public. The responses of respondents in terms of demographic profile, utilization pattern, benefits obtained, the association between the use of AYUSH based measures and incidence of COVID-19, symptomatic status, and also between duration of use of AYUSH based measures were evaluated based on the bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Among the data of 723459 respondents, 85.1% reported utilizing AYUSH measures for prevention of COVID-19, out of which 89.8% reported to have benefitted from it. Improvement in parameters of general well-being was reported by 63.4% of the users. Respondents who were using AYUSH based measures for less than 30 days were more likely to be COVID positive (Odds-ratio 1.52(95% CI 1.44 -1.60)). The odds of non-users of AYUSH based measures being symptomatic, if they are tested positive is more compared to users (Odds-ratio 4.01(95% CI 3.61 - 4.59)). CONCLUSIONS The findings of this cross-sectional analysis assert that a good proportion of the representative population has practiced AYUSH measures, across different geo-locations of the country, during the COVID pandemic and have benefitted considerably in terms of general well being and reduced incidence of COVID 19.

scholarly journals Tobacco use and nicotine dependence among patients with diabetes and hypertension in Ballabgarh, India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakesh Kumar ◽  
Shashi Kant ◽  
Ankit Chandra ◽  
Anand Krishnan
Keyword(s):  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Secondary Level ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
The Past ◽  
High Level ◽  
Level Hospital

 Tobacco use is one of the most important modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular mortality and has a synergistic effect with diabetes and hypertension. This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of tobacco use and nicotine dependence among adult diabetic and/or hypertensive patients. We conducted a cross-sectional study among 419 consecutively enrolled patients from the non-communicable diseases (NCDs) outpatient clinic of a secondary level hospital in Ballabgarh, India between July 2018 and January 2019. We administered a pre-tested questionnaire to assess tobacco use and Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) to assess nicotine dependence. Current tobacco users were defined as those who smoked in the past seven days. Nicotine dependence was classified as low, moderate or high for the FTND score of 0 -3, 4-6, and 7-10, respectively. Seventy-nine patients had diabetes, 226 had hypertension, and 114 had both. The prevalence of tobacco use was 20.8% (95% CI : 17.1 - 24.9); prevalence of smoking was 15% (95% CI: 11.9 – 18.8) and smokeless tobacco use was 7.2% (95% CI: 5 - 10.1). Moderate to high nicotine dependence was found among 59.7% of tobacco users; 75.9% tobacco users attempted to quit tobacco in the past one month. One-fifth of attendees of a NCD clinic in a secondary level hospital used tobacco, most of whom had moderate-to-high nicotine dependence.  High level of nicotine dependence and inability to quit despite making an attempt for it necessitates the inclusion of tobacco cessation services in the management of patients with non-communicable diseases.

scholarly journals Plain tobacco packaging, increased graphic health warnings and adolescents’ perceptions and initiation of smoking: DePICT, a French nationwide study

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (e1) ◽  
pp. e31-e36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabienne El-Khoury Lesueur ◽  
Camille Bolze ◽  
Ramchandar Gomajee ◽  
Vicki White ◽  
Maria Melchior
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Telephone Survey ◽  
Smoking Initiation ◽  
Health Warnings ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Binomial Regression ◽  
Prevalence Ratios ◽  
Current Tobacco

BackgroundPlain packaging (PP) of tobacco products and increased graphic warnings may contribute to lower attractiveness of smoking, particularly among youths. In France, this policy was introduced on 1 January 2017. We examined changes in smoking-related perceptions and behaviours among a nationwide sample of French adolescents before (2016) and 1 year post (2017) implementation.MethodsDePICT is a two-wave cross-sectional national telephone survey of adolescents aged 12–17 years per study wave (2016: n=2046 2017: n=1999). All participants reported smoking-related perceptions, as well as ever and current tobacco use. Smokers were also asked about their perceptions of tobacco brands. Data were weighted to be representative of youths in the French population: adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs, 95% CI) estimating changes between the two study waves were calculated using multivariate log-binomial regression models.ResultsIn 2017, as compared with 2016, French adolescents were more likely to report fear of the consequences of smoking (PR=1.06, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.09) and that smoking is dangerous (PR=1.08, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.11). They were also less likely to report that their friends (PR=0.61, 95% CI 0.54 to 0.70) and family (PR=0.51, 95% CI 0.44 to 0.60) accept smoking. Additionally, smoking initiation significantly decreased (PR=0.96, 95% CI 0.93 to 0.98) and a non-statistically significant drop in current tobacco use was observed (PR=0.93, 95% CI 0.78 to 1.11). Smokers’ attachment to their tobacco brand also decreased (PR=0.47, 95% CI 0.30 to 0.73).ConclusionOur findings suggest that PP and increased graphic warnings could contribute to changes in smoking norms and rates among adolescents.

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