Avian leukosis virus subgroup J-associated myelocytoma in a hobby chicken

The avian leukosis viruses (ALVs) are a major group of retroviruses associated with neoplastic diseases in poultry. The ALV-J strain was identified as a cause of myelocytomas in broiler breeder and broiler chickens in the UK in the 1980s; however, following eradication of the virus,commercial broilers have remained free of infection since the early 2000s. A pet chicken was submitted to Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA) in 2013 with a history of croaking respirations, abnormality of the left eye and apparent paralysis. Postmortem examination of the bird showed widespread tumour-like infiltration of many organs, including the pectoral muscles, internal organs, sternum and ribs. Histopathological examination of the affected tissues revealed myelocytoma formation typical of the lesions associated with ALV-J, and the virus was confirmed by PCR testing and sequencing. Virus was not detected in blood samples in the other five chickens remaining in the flock. The source of infection was not established. This was the first time ALV-J had been seen in the UK since its eradicationand the case highlights the importance of continued surveillance of backyard and hobby chickens to detect potential new and re-emerging disease threats, such as ALV-J, which may be of significance to the wider poultry population.

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Histopathology of Internal Organs of Farm Animals Fed Genetically Modified Corn and Soybean Meal

Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Pulawy ◽

10.2478/v10213-012-0109-y ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 56 (4) ◽

pp. 617-622 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Michał Reichert ◽

Wojciech Kozaczyński ◽

Teresa Agnieszka Karpińska ◽

Łukasz Bocian ◽

Agnieszka Jasik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soybean Meal ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Genetically Modified ◽

Bursa Of Fabricius ◽

Farm Animals ◽

Internal Organs ◽

Roundup Ready ◽

Fattening Pigs ◽

Mon 810

Abstract Histopathological examination of liver, kidney, spleen, pancreas, duodenum, jejunum, skeletal muscle, and bursa of Fabricius samples, collected from broiler chickens, laying hens, fattening pigs, and calves fed genetically modified corn MON 810 and soybean meal MON-40-3-2 (Roundup Ready, RR), was performed The examination showed no significant differences between the control animals fed diets containing no genetically modified feeds and animals fed genetically modified feeds. In some cases, congestion of parenchyma and focal lymphoid cell infiltrations were observed in all dietary groups, including controls, and therefore, it was assumed that the lesions were not associated with the feeding transgenic feeds.

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Subcutaneous hyalohyphomycosis caused by Acremonium recifei: case report

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo ◽

10.1590/s0036-46651995000300015 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

pp. 267-270 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Clarisse Zaitz ◽

Edward Porto ◽

Elisabeth Maria Heins-Vaccari ◽

Aya Sadahiro ◽

Ligia Rangel Barbosa Ruiz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Female Patient ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Traumatic Injury ◽

The State ◽

Right Hand ◽

History Of ◽

The Right ◽

First Time ◽

Hematoxylin Eosin

We present a case of subcutaneous hyalohyphomycosis due to Acremonium recifei, a species whose habitat is probably the soil, first identified in 1934 by Arêa Leão and Lobo in a case of podal eumycetoma with white-yellowish grains and initially named Cephalosporium recifei. A white immunocompetent female patient from the state of Bahia, Brazil, with a history of traumatic injury to the right hand is reported. The lesion was painless, with edema, inflammation and the presence of fistulae. Seropurulent secretion with the absence of grains was present. Histopathological examination of material stained with hematoxylin-eosin showed hyaline septate hyphae. A culture was positive for Acremonium recifei. Treatment with itraconazole, 200 mg/day, for two months led to a favorable course and cure of the process. We report for the first time in the literature a case of subcutaneous hyalohyphomycosis due to Acremonium recifei in a immunocompetent woman. Treatment with itraconazole 200 mg/day, for two months, resulted in cure.

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Effect of enhanced biosecurity and selected on-farm factors on Campylobacter colonization of chicken broilers

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s095026881600251x ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 145 (3) ◽

pp. 553-567 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

M. GEORGIEV ◽

W. BEAUVAIS ◽

J. GUITIAN

Keyword(s):

Broiler Chickens ◽

Poultry Meat ◽

Adjusted Risk ◽

Source Of Infection ◽

Population Attributable Fractions ◽

Attributable Fractions ◽

The Uk ◽

On Farm ◽

Human Campylobacteriosis ◽

The Eu

SUMMARYHuman campylobacteriosis is the most commonly reported gastrointestinal bacterial infection in the EU; poultry meat has been identified as the main source of infection. We tested the hypothesis that enhanced biosecurity and other factors such as welfare status, breed, the practice of partial depopulation and number of empty days between flocks may prevent Campylobacter spp. caecal colonization of poultry batches at high levels (>123 000 c.f.u./g in pooled caecal samples). We analysed data from 2314 poultry batches sampled at slaughter in the UK in 2011–2013. We employed random-effects logistic regression to account for clustering of batches within farms and adjust for confounding. We estimated population attributable fractions using adjusted risk ratios. Enhanced biosecurity reduced the odds of colonization at partial depopulation [odds ratio (OR) 0·25, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0·14–0·47] and, to a lesser extent, at final depopulation (OR 0·47, 95% CI 0·25–0·89). An effect of the type of breed was also found. Under our assumptions, approximately 1/3 of highly colonized batches would be avoided if they were all raised under enhanced biosecurity or without partial depopulation. The results of the study indicate that on-farm measures can play an important role in reducing colonization of broiler chickens with Campylobacter spp. and as a result human exposure.

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Tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium bovis in pet cats associated with feeding a commercial raw food diet

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery ◽

10.1177/1098612x19848455 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 21 (8) ◽

pp. 667-681 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Conor O’Halloran ◽

Olympia Ioannidi ◽

Nicki Reed ◽

Kevin Murtagh ◽

Eili Dettemering ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mycobacterium Bovis ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Health Agency ◽

Food Product ◽

Raw Milk ◽

Interferon Gamma Release Assay ◽

Source Of Infection ◽

Hunting Behaviour ◽

Tuberculous Disease ◽

The Uk

Objectives Mycobacterium bovis, a member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, can infect cats and has proven zoonotic risks for owners. Infected cats typically present with a history of outdoor lifestyle and hunting behaviour, and cutaneous granulomas are most commonly observed. The aim of this study is to describe an outbreak of tuberculous disease commencing with six young cats, living exclusively indoors in five different households across England, being presented to separate veterinarians across the UK with a variety of clinical signs. Methods Investigations into the pyogranulomatous lesions, lymphadenopathy and/or pulmonary disease of these cases consistently identified infection with M bovis. Infection was confirmed by PCR, where possible, or was indicated with a positive interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA), where material for PCR was unavailable. In-contact, cohabiting cats were screened by IGRA and follow-up testing was undertaken/advised where results were positive. A lifestyle investigation was undertaken to identify the source of infection. Results Six clinically sick cats and seven in-contact cats were identified with evidence of M bovis infection. Five clinical cases were either too sick to treat or deteriorated despite therapy, giving a mortality rate of 83%. Lifestyle investigations revealed the common factors between clusters to be that affected cats had mycobacterial infections speciated to M bovis, were exclusively indoor cats and were fed a commercially available raw food product produced by a single manufacturer. The Food Standards Agency, Animal & Plant Health Agency, Public Health England and the food manufacturer concerned have been notified/informed. Other possible sources of exposure for these cats to M bovis were explored and were excluded, including wildlife contact, access to raw milk, the presence of rodent populations inside the buildings in which the cats lived and exposure to known infectious humans. Conclusions and relevance Upon investigations, our results provide compelling, if circumstantial, evidence of an association between the commercial raw diet of these cats and their M bovis infections.

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Do patients who have been on ‘sections' get refused visas?

Psychiatric Bulletin ◽

10.1192/pb.18.4.216 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 216-217 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Danny Allen ◽

Karen Allen

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Mental Illness ◽

Hospital Treatment ◽

Mental Health Act ◽

History Of ◽

The Uk ◽

First Time

A reason sometimes given for not applying a section off the Mental Health Act 1983 to patients for the first time is that this may stigmatise them in some way. A practical example off stigmatisation is that patients who have previously been ‘sectioned’ may be refused tourist or immigration visas to other countries. Since no information on this subject is available in the psychiatric literature this paper attempts to clarify the policy of diplomatic missions in the UK in relation to visa applicants who report a history of mental illness and compulsory hospital treatment.

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Basaglia's International Legacy: From Asylum to Community

10.1093/med/9780198841012.001.0001 ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Transnational History ◽

South American ◽

Developed Country ◽

Italian Law ◽

Outright Rejection ◽

History Of ◽

The Uk ◽

Psychiatric Beds ◽

First Time

Italian Law 180 of 1978 is probably the most radical Mental Health Act ever passed. It forbade the admission of any new patients to mental hospitals forthwith and called for the rapid closure of such institutions. The Law crowned the work of the charismatic Italian psychiatrist Franco Basaglia and his ‘Democratic Psychiatry’ movement. The Italian reforms resulted in arguably the lowest number of psychiatric beds in any developed country, and have been widely debated and emulated. They have been adopted enthusiastically by several Mediterranean and South American countries. However, the implementation of Law 180 was patchy, with critics both internally and internationally. This book brings together historians and clinicians, including Basaglia’s colleagues and followers, for the first time. These authors report on the responses to the reforms from over 15 countries. These range from exuberant implementation in Brazil and Italy, through partial and localized initiatives in several countries, through to outright rejection in the UK and USA. These responses reflect differences in clinical and practical realities, but also professional rivalries and often profound conceptual differences. This is a transnational history of psychiatric debates, reform, and psychiatric practice. The excitement of Basaglia’s thinking and the Italian reforms is captured, as are the inconsistencies in both his thinking and practice. Basaglia and the Italian movement did not arrive from nowhere, and its global influences are also examined. Basaglia’s radical human rights agenda was expressed through psychiatric reforms. His ambivalences engaged artists and thinkers as well as clinicians, and his legacy, as this book vividly demonstrates, is far from straightforward.

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Cutaneous granular cell tumor: A case report

Journal of Pathology of Nepal ◽

10.3126/jpn.v9i1.23384 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 1511-1513

Author(s):

Deliya Paudel ◽

Ram Chandra Adhikari

Keyword(s):

Soft Tissue ◽

Granular Cell Tumor ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Benign Neoplasm ◽

Granular Cell ◽

Soft Tissue Tumors ◽

Cell Tumor ◽

Internal Organs ◽

History Of ◽

Biliary Ducts

Granular cell tumor is a rare benign neoplasm of the skin that accounts for 0.5% of all soft-tissue tumors. Granular cell tumor can affect both sexes and in any age, although it is most common in females. The common locations are the head and neck, the tongue is affected in 25% of cases but any internal organs can be affected such as soft tissue, bronchus, stomach, rectum, anus, biliary ducts. Here, we report a 58-year-old female patient who presented with a 4-year history of a slowly growing mass, with a dimension of 5 × 4 cm on her left waist, diagnosed as a Granular cell tumor at histopathological examination.

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A clinicopathological study on fungal infection in nasal polyposis

International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery ◽

10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20203963 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (10) ◽

pp. 1778

Author(s):

K. Paventhan ◽

M. Lakshmi Narayana ◽

Aswin Vaishali P. N.

Keyword(s):

Fungal Infection ◽

Nasal Polyposis ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Previous History ◽

Causative Factor ◽

History Of Surgery ◽

Wet Mount ◽

History Of ◽

Anti Fungal ◽

First Time

Background: Nasal polyposis is a multifactorial disease. Despite the presence of numerous theories proposed towards the aetiology of nasal polyp, inflammation is the main causative factor. Fungi can impair the local immune system and bring about an inflammatory response causing polyp formation. The aim and objective of the research was to know the prevalence of fungal infection in nasal polyposis and to assess the microbiological and pathological features of fungi in nasal polyposis.Methods: A total of 100 patients operated for nasal polyposis were included in the study excluding immune-compromised patients. All the nasal polyposis cases were subjected to clinical examination, diagnostic nasal endoscopy and medical treatment before undergoing surgical treatment. Polyps removed were subjected to histopathological examination (HPE) and potassium hydroxide (KOH) wet mount examination under microscope. Results: Out of the 100 patients studied 66 patients (66%) were in the age group between 31 to 60 years. 85 patients had bilateral polyps, in which fungal element was isolated in 11 patients and among 15 patients with antrochoanal polyp 1 patient had fungal isolates. Of the 17 patients who had previous history of surgery, fungi were isolated in 4 patients and the rest were from patient who got operated for the first time. 3 out of the 8 patients, who had recurrence, were positive for fungal infection.Conclusions: Fungi are found to be more prevalent in nasal polyps and fungi can be considered as one of the main causative factor for formation of nasal polyposis and its recurrence after surgery. Anti-fungal agents could be a helping hand in the management of nasal polyposis to prevent its recurrence.

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A role for flies (Diptera) in the transmission ofCampylobacterto broilers?

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268816001539 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 144 (15) ◽

pp. 3326-3334 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

A. ROYDEN ◽

A. WEDLEY ◽

J. Y. MERGA ◽

S. RUSHTON ◽

B. HALD ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Broiler Chickens ◽

Primary Source ◽

Diarrhoeal Disease ◽

Poultry Meat ◽

Source Of Infection ◽

The Uk ◽

Low Prevalence ◽

Sequence Types ◽

Broiler House ◽

Dipteran Species

SUMMARYCampylobacteris the leading cause of bacterial diarrhoeal disease worldwide, with raw and undercooked poultry meat and products the primary source of infection. Colonization of broiler chicken flocks withCampylobacterhas proved difficult to prevent, even with high levels of biosecurity. Dipteran flies are proven carriers ofCampylobacterand their ingress into broiler houses may contribute to its transmission to broiler chickens. However, this has not been investigated in the UK.Campylobacterwas cultured from 2195 flies collected from four UK broiler farms. Of flies cultured individually, 0·22% [2/902, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0–0·53] were positive by culture forCampylobacterspp. Additionally, 1293 flies were grouped by family and cultured in 127 batches: 4/127 (3·15%, 95% CI 0·11-6·19) from three broiler farms were positive forCampylobacter. Multilocus sequence typing of isolates demonstrated that the flies were carrying broiler-associated sequence types, responsible for human enteric illness. Malaise traps were used to survey the dipteran species diversity on study farms and also revealed up to 612 flies present around broiler-house ventilation inlets over a 2-h period. Therefore, despite the low prevalence ofCampylobactercultured from flies, the risk of transmission by this route may be high, particularly during summer when fly populations are greatest.

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Challenging diagnosis of leprosy in a psychotic homeless patient with atypical clinical manifestations: an interesting case report

BMC Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1186/s12879-021-06242-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hendra Gunawan ◽

Reyshiani Johan ◽

Pati Aji Achdiat ◽

Oki Suwarsa

Keyword(s):

Sural Nerve ◽

Skin Diseases ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Interesting Case ◽

Granulomatous Reaction ◽

Case Presentation ◽

History Of ◽

First Time ◽

Reversal Reaction

Abstract Background A decision to diagnose certain skin diseases in patient undergoing psychotic break is challenging; this includes establishing the diagnosis of leprosy. Diagnosis of leprosy is established if there is at least one of the three cardinal signs of leprosy. Histopathological examination is not a gold standard, but remains useful in atypical or clinically suspicious cases. Case presentation We report for the first time, an interesting case of leprosy with atypical clinical manifestations in a psychotic homeless male with unknown history of present illness. Upon examination, hypopigmented macules, hyperpigmented macules, and plaques were observed, with unclear sensation impairment. Peripheral nerve thickening and acid-fast bacilli from slit-skin smear were not found. Histopathological examination from hypopigmented macule on the upper right limb showed no granulomatous reaction and other histopathological features of leprosy. Although the condition did not fulfill the cardinal signs of leprosy, we found lagophthalmos, claw hands, pseudomutilation of fingers and toes. Therefore, the diagnosis of suspected leprosy was established. The patient was hospitalized and attempts to administer oral rifampicin and clofazimine were made. Several days after treatment, annular erythematous macules appeared on the patient’s face, abdomen, and back. Histopathological examination results on sample taken from erythematous macule and right sural nerve were consistent with the diagnosis of leprosy with reversal reaction. Conclusion In certain conditions, histopathological examination of the skin and nerves are a highly rewarding test in establishing a diagnosis of leprosy.

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