scholarly journals Risk-based surveillance for bluetongue virus in cattle on the south coast of England in 2017 and 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 187 (11) ◽  
pp. e96-e96
Author(s):  
Katherine Elinor Felicity Grace ◽  
Christina Papadopoulou ◽  
Tobias Floyd ◽  
Rachelle Avigad ◽  
Steve Collins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bluetongue Virus ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Atmospheric Dispersion ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
South Coast ◽  
The South ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Free Status

BackgroundBluetongue (BT) is a viral disease of ruminants and camelids which can have a significant impact on animal health and welfare and cause severe economic loss. The UK has been officially free of bluetongue virus (BTV) since 2011. In 2015, BTV-8 re-emerged in France and since then BTV has been spreading throughout Europe. In response to this outbreak, risk-based active surveillance was carried out at the end of the vector seasons in 2017 and 2018 to assess the risk of incursion of BTV into Great Britain.MethodAtmospheric dispersion modelling identified counties on the south coast of England at higher risk of an incursion. Blood samples were collected from cattle in five counties based on a sample size designed to detect at least one positive if the prevalence was 5 per cent or greater, with 95 per cent confidence.ResultsNo virus was detected in the 478 samples collected from 32 farms at the end of the 2017 vector season or in the 646 samples collected from 43 farms at the end of the 2018 vector season, when tested by RT-qPCR.ConclusionThe negative results from this risk-based survey provided evidence to support the continuation of the UK’s official BTV-free status.

Alien species and other notable records from a rapid assessment survey of marinas on the south coast of England

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 1329-1337 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Arenas ◽  
J.D.D Bishop ◽  
J.T. Carlton ◽  
P.J. Dyrynda ◽  
W.F. Farnham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alien Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
South Coast ◽  
Algal Flora ◽  
The South ◽  
Colonial Ascidian ◽  
Assessment Survey ◽  
Rapid Assessment Survey ◽  
The Uk

In September 2004, a rapid assessment survey for non-native species was conducted at 12 harbours along the south coast of England from East Sussex to Cornwall, focusing on communities of algae and invertebrates colonizing floating pontoons in marinas. Over 80 taxa each of algae and invertebrates were recorded, including 20 recognized non-native species. The southern hemisphere solitary ascidian Corella eumyota was recorded in the UK for the first time and was present at three sites. The colonial ascidian Botrylloides violaceus was also recorded as new to the UK, but was very widespread and has probably been present for a number of years but misidentified as the native congener B. leachi, which was infrequent. Other ascidians included Styela clava, introduced at Plymouth in the early 1950s, which was recorded at all locations visited, and Perophora japonica, which was found only at the Plymouth locality where it first occurred in the UK in 1999. The diverse algal flora included nine alien species previously recorded in the British Isles. Range extensions and population increases were noted for the kelp Undaria pinnatifida and the bryozoan Tricellaria inopinata, both first recorded in UK waters during the 1990s. The widespread occurrence of another non-native bryozoan, Bugula neritina, appears significant, since in earlier times this was known in UK waters predominantly from artificially heated docks. The results of this survey indicate that dock pontoon systems in southern England are significant reservoirs of non-native species dispersed by vessels and other means. The proliferation of these structures is therefore of conservation importance. The new UK records highlight the need for periodic monitoring of ports for non-native species.

scholarly journals Bluetongue in Europe – the risk of animal import from restricted zones

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (05) ◽  
pp. 6254-2019
Author(s):  
ANNA ORŁOWSKA ◽  
MARCIN SMRECZAK ◽  
JERZY ROLA
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Bluetongue Virus ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Sentinel Animals ◽  
Free Status

Bluetongue (BT) is a vector-borne viral disease effecting ruminants caused by bluetongue virus (BTV), transmitted mainly by bites from midges of the genus Culicoides. Since the end of 20th century, BTV is endemic in several European countries and the disease is caused mainly by BTV-8 and BTV-4 infections. Bluetongue virus is characterized by high genetic diversity. To date, over 29 BTV serotypes have been documented, including recently discovered atypical serotypes BTV (25–27). The disease has a high economic impact as it causes economic losses due to animal mortality, reduced productivity and restrictions on the movement of animals. Several reports and numerous observations indicate the contribution of animal movements to the spread of BTV infections. Thus, bluetongue surveillance that includes testing of sentinel animals as well as virological testing of animals susceptible to BTV infection imported from restricted zones due to the presence of BTV is a key factor in maintaining a BT-free status

Saying sorry in advance for not turning up: a study of EFL teachers' text messages

English Today ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Wyatt
Keyword(s):  
Text Messages ◽  
South Coast ◽  
The South ◽  
Short Notice ◽  
Efl Teachers ◽  
Language School ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Uk ◽  
First Job

A few years ago, I spent one year as Director of Studies (DoS) of a language school on the south coast of England, a first job back in the UK after living abroad for 18 years. The job was fine, but one particular responsibility was occasionally stressful: arranging cover for absent teachers at short notice. Sometimes I was free to teach the class myself and happily did so, but there were times when I had other things to do. Sometimes, several teachers would phone in sick at the same time.

A survey of trigonometric parallaxes and proper motions with the UK Schmidt Telescope: I. Methods and first results for stars brighter than B = 14 in a field near the South Galactic Pole

1978 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
C. A. Murray ◽  
P. M. Corben
Keyword(s):  
Proper Motion ◽  
Atmospheric Dispersion ◽  
Random Errors ◽  
Schmidt Telescope ◽  
The South ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
First Results ◽  
Trigonometric Parallaxes ◽  
Pilot Investigation ◽  
The Uk

AbstractIn an attempt to investigate the statistics of stars in the solar neighbourhood, independent of the bias toward high velocity stars introduced by selection of stars with large proper motion, a major astrometric investigation is being carried out at RGO using U.K. Schmidt plates measured on the GALAXY machine.So far more than 15000 objects brighter than B = 18 in a field near the South Galactic Pole have been measured on more than 50 plates taken between 19 74 and 1977.This paper describes the methods of analysis and the results of a pilot investigation on nearly 900 stars with B < 14. The measurements show a very high degree of internal consistence, demonstrating the astrometric excellence of the U.K. Schmidt telescope and the GALAXY machine; random errors of measurement are found to be about ±0075 (=1.1.μm) per coordinate over the whole area (4° x 4°) measured, using a simple linear plate constant model for all plates. The external error of a single component of proper motion is estimated to be ± 0013 which is exactly consistent with the internal measurement error. The external error of a parallax in the present data is about ± 0018 whereas that predicted from the errors of measurement, and the self-consistency of two subsets of the data, is ± 0013; it is shown that the discrepancy can be largely accounted for by the random errors (± O11) in the B-V colours used in computing the effect of atmospheric dispersion, and should be reduced when better photometry becomes available.

scholarly journals Programme national bulgare de surveillance du virus de la fièvre catarrhale : études de terrain et évaluation du risque en 2009

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 (2-4) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
G. Georgiev ◽  
N. Nedelchev ◽  
L. Polihronova
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Aegean Sea ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Hazard Identification ◽  
Surveillance Period ◽  
Surveillance Programme ◽  
Évaluation Du Risque ◽  
Wild Ruminants ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

Bluetongue is a non-contagious, arthropod-borne viral disease of both domestic and wild ruminants. Bluetongue virus (BTV) is endemic in some areas where cattle and wild ruminants serve as reservoirs for the virus. Some authors suggest that a fundamental change in the European ecosystem since 1998, mostly linked to climate change, may have influenced the introduction and sur­vival of BTV in Europe. Genetic analyses of bluetongue viruses isolated in Europe during this period showed that six virus types (1, 2, 4, 8, 9 and 16) have entered the region since that period. The aim of this presentation was to summarize the results of the National BTV Surveillance Programme, field studies, and risk assessment of BTV entry into Bulgaria in 2009.  As part of the Surveillance Programme of the disease in 2009, seroprevalence was performed in 19 sentinel BTV-seronegative animal herds, 7 of which were located in the western part of the country and the other 12 in the southern part, about 10 to 20 kil­ometres from the border. Each sentinel herd consisted of 10 large ear-tagged ruminants. The sentinel animals were tested every 30 days for the presence of BTV antibodies. Competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (cELISAs) were used to determine the antibodies against the common group antigen. Fourteen Onderstepoort black light traps were set up for Culicoides surveil­lance and monitoring in southern and western border districts of the country after April 1, 2009. Catches of Culicoides were sorted by traditional identification keys. The risk of BTV invasion was assessed according to the World Organisation for Animal Health standards. The hazard identification, possibility of BT outbreaks, and assessment of the epidemiological situation in neighbour­ing countries were made based on other authors’ reports on the density of small and large ruminants, and economical and trade relations between countries. In addition, the BTV situation on a Greek Aegean Sea Island was closely monitored in 2008-09.  During the 2009 serum surveillance period, 3340 serum sam­ples from different species of ruminants were investigated, all with negative results for BTV antibodies; C. imicola was never detected in more than 12 years of Culicoides surveillance in Bulgaria. Analysis of 274 midges caught during 2009 showed that dominating Culicoides species were of the Obsoletus and Pulicaris complexes, well-known Palaearctic midges in Europe. The negative results from the Surveillance Programme supported the evidence of absence of active BTV circulation on the whole territory of Bulgaria during 2009. During the 2008-09 season, Greek Authorities reported several circulating BTV serotypes (1, 8, 16) on Lesvos Island. As the epidemiological situation on Greek islands in the Aegean Sea is complicated and not very clear, the risk of BTV entering Bulgaria ranges from high (in spring and summer) to moderate (in winter and autumn).

International Listening Post report summary: the world at the dawn of 2019

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-124
Author(s):  
Sandy Henderson ◽  
Ulrike Beland ◽  
Dimitrios Vonofakos
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Faroe Islands ◽  
The South ◽  
The World ◽  
The Uk

On or around 9 January 2019, twenty-two Listening Posts were conducted in nineteen countries: Canada, Chile, Denmark, Faroe Islands, Finland, Germany (Frankfurt and Berlin), Hungary, India, Ireland, Israel, Italy (two in Milan and one in the South), Peru, Serbia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Taiwan, Turkey, and the UK. This report synthesises the reports of those Listening Posts and organises the data yielded by them into common themes and patterns.

Labels, Histories, Politics: Indian/South Asian Dance on the Global Stage

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
AVANTHI MEDURI
Keyword(s):  
South Asian ◽  
First Century ◽  
Nation State ◽  
The South ◽  
Global Networks ◽  
Indian Nation ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
The Uk

In this paper, I discuss issues revolving around history, historiography, alterity, difference and otherness concealed in the doubled Indian/South Asian label used to describe Indian/South Asian dance genres in the UK. The paper traces the historical genealogy of the South Asian label to US, Indian and British contexts and describes how the South Asian enunciation fed into Indian nation-state historiography and politics in the 1950s. I conclude by describing how Akademi: South Asian Dance, a leading London based arts organisation, explored the ambivalence in the doubled Indian/South Asian label by renaming itself in 1997, and forging new local/global networks of communication and artistic exchange between Indian and British based dancers and choreographers at the turn of the twenty-first century.

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