Serial assessment of local peripheral vascular function after eccentric exercise

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 1181-1186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitchel R. Stacy ◽  
Kallie J. Bladon ◽  
Jennifer L. Lawrence ◽  
Sarah A. McGlinchy ◽  
Barry W. Scheuermann
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Shear Stress ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Muscle Blood Flow ◽  
Isometric Strength ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilation ◽  
Vascular Responses ◽  
Study Results

Muscle damage is a common response to unaccustomed eccentric exercise; however, the effects of skeletal muscle damage on local vascular function and blood flow are poorly understood. This study examined serial local vascular responses to flow-mediated (endothelial-dependent) and nitroglycerin-mediated (endothelial-independent) dilation in the brachial artery after strenuous eccentric exercise and serially assessed resting blood flow. Ten healthy males performed 50 maximal eccentric unilateral arm contractions to induce muscle damage to the biceps brachii. Changes in maximal isometric strength and vascular responses were assessed 1, 24, 48, and 96 h after exercise. Mean blood velocities and arterial diameters, measured with Doppler ultrasound, were used to calculate blood flow and shear stress (expressed as area under the curve). Eccentric exercise resulted in impaired maximal isometric strength for up to 96 h (p < 0.001). Reductions in flow-mediated dilation (before exercise, 9.4% ± 2.6%; 1 h after exercise, 5.1% ± 2.2%) and nitroglycerin responses (before exercise, 26.3% ± 6.5%; 1 h after exercise, 20.7% ± 4.7%) were observed in the 1 h after exercise and remained lower for 96 h (p < 0.05). The shear stress response was attenuated immediately after exercise and remained impaired for 48 h (p < 0.05). Resting blood pressure and muscle blood flow remained similar throughout the study. Results suggest that muscle damage from eccentric exercise leads to impaired local endothelial and vascular smooth muscle function. Lower shear stress after exercise might contribute to the observed reduction in flow-mediated dilation responses, but the mechanism responsible for the attenuated endothelial-independent vasodilation remains unclear.

scholarly journals Spinotrapezius muscle microcirculatory function: effects of surgical exteriorization

2000 ◽  
Vol 279 (6) ◽  
pp. H3131-H3137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet K. Bailey ◽  
Casey A. Kindig ◽  
Brad J. Behnke ◽  
Timothy I. Musch ◽  
Geert W. Schmid-Schoenbein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Dynamic Behavior ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Muscle Blood Flow ◽  
Half Time ◽  
Phosphorescence Quenching ◽  
Functional Control ◽  
Surgical Preparation ◽  
Microcirculatory Function ◽  
Flow Techniques

Intravital microscopy facilitates insights into muscle microcirculatory structural and functional control, provided that surgical exteriorization does not impact vascular function. We utilized a novel combination of phosphorescence quenching, microvascular oxygen pressure (microvascular Po 2), and microsphere (blood flow) techniques to evaluate static and dynamic behavior within the exposed intact (I) and exteriorized (EX) rat spinotrapezius muscle. I and EX muscles were studied under control, metabolic blockade with 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP), and electrically stimulated conditions with 1-Hz contractions, and across switches from 21 to 100% and 10% inspired O2. Surgical preparation did not alter spinotrapezius muscle blood flow in either I or EX muscle. DNP elevated muscle blood flow ∼120% ( P < 0.05) in both I and EX muscles ( P> 0.05 between I and EX). Contractions reduced microvascular Po 2 from 30.4 ± 4.3 to 21.8 ± 4.8 mmHg in I muscle and from 33.2 ± 3.0 to 25.9 ± 2.8 mmHg in EX muscles with no difference between I and EX. In each O2condition, there was no difference (each P > 0.05) in microvascular Po 2 between I and EX muscles (21% O2: I = 37 ± 1; EX = 36 ± 1; 100%: I = 62 ± 5; EX = 51 ± 9; 10%: I = 20 ± 1; EX = 17 ± 2 mmHg). Similarly, the dynamic behavior of microvascular Po 2 to altered inspired O2 was unaffected by the EX procedure [half-time ( t 1/2) to 100% O2: I = 23 ± 5; EX = 23 ± 4; t 1/2 to 10%: I = 14 ± 2; EX = 16 ± 2 s, both P > 0.05]. These results demonstrate that the spinotrapezius muscle can be EX without significant alteration of microvascular integrity and responsiveness under the conditions assessed.

Is isometric strength loss immediately after eccentric exercise related to changes in indirect markers of muscle damage?

2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazunori Nosaka ◽  
Dale Chapman ◽  
Mike Newton ◽  
Paul Sacco
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
Elbow Joint ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Strength Loss ◽  
Isometric Strength ◽  
Joint Angles ◽  
Arm Circumference ◽  
Strong Correlate

This study tested the hypothesis that the magnitude of maximal isometric strength (MVC) loss immediately following eccentric exercise (MVC-post) would relate to changes in other indirect markers of muscle damage following exercise. Eighty-nine men were recruited from the same student population and performed 24 maximal eccentric actions of the elbow flexors. Commonly used markers of muscle damage such as relaxed and flexed elbow joint angles, range of motion (ROM), upper-arm circumference, muscle soreness, and plasma creatine kinase (CK) activity were measured before, immediately after, and 1-4 d after exercise. Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficients (r) between change in MVC-post and other markers of muscle damage, as well as MVC during recovery days, were calculated. Changes in MVC-post ranged from -72.8% to -17.6%, and correlated significantly (p < 0.01) with MVC at 1 (r = 0.59), 2 (0.63), 3 (0.61), and 4 (0.62) d after exercise. Reduction in MVC-post also correlated significantly (p < 0.05) with changes in relaxed (r = 0.50) and flexed elbow joint angles (-0.40), ROM (0.55), arm circumference (-0.45), peak palpation (-0.34) and extension muscle soreness (-0.48), and peak CK activity (-0.59). However, the r values were not necessarily high, and MVC-post poorly reflected the distribution of some measures, such as peak CK activity (124 - 50 440 IU·L-1). These results suggest that MVC-post is not a strong correlate of the changes in markers of muscle damage following eccentric exercise of the elbow flexors.Key words: maximal isometric strength, plasma CK activity, ROM, swelling, muscle soreness.

scholarly journals The Importance of Velocity Acceleration to Flow-Mediated Dilation

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Stoner ◽  
Joanna M. Young ◽  
Simon Fryer ◽  
Manning J. Sabatier
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Shear Stress ◽  
Vascular Tone ◽  
Cardiac Cycle ◽  
Blood Velocity ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilation ◽  
Flow Pulsatility ◽  
Poiseuille's Law ◽  
Poiseuille’S Law

The validity of the flow-mediated dilation test has been questioned due to the lack of normalization to the primary stimulus, shear stress. Shear stress can be calculated using Poiseuille's law. However, little attention has been given to the most appropriate blood velocity parameter(s) for calculating shear stress. The pulsatile nature of blood flow exposes the endothelial cells to two distinct shear stimuli during the cardiac cycle: a large rate of change in shear at the onset of flow (velocity acceleration), followed by a steady component. The parameter typically entered into the Poiseuille's law equation to determine shear stress is time-averaged blood velocity, with no regard for flow pulsatility. This paper will discuss (1) the limitations of using Posieuille's law to estimate shear stress and (2) the importance of the velocity profile—with emphasis on velocity acceleration—to endothelial function and vascular tone.

Adaptation of Local Muscle Blood Flow and Surface Electromyography to Repeated Bouts of Eccentric Exercise

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 1017-1026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdi Hosseinzadeh ◽  
Ole K. Andersen ◽  
Lars Arendt-Nielsen ◽  
Afshin Samani ◽  
Ernest N. Kamavuako ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
Surface Electromyography ◽  
Muscle Blood Flow

scholarly journals Noninvasive Assessment of Endothelium-Dependent Flow-Mediated Dilation of the Brachial Artery

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akimi Uehata ◽  
Eric H Lieberman ◽  
Marie D Gerhard ◽  
Todd J Anderson ◽  
Peter Ganz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Reactive Hyperemia ◽  
Intraobserver Variability ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilation ◽  
Noninvasive Technique ◽  
Brachial Artery Diameter ◽  
Cuff Occlusion

Coronary atherosclerosis is characterized by an early loss of endothelium-dependent vasodilation. However, the methods of assessing coronary endothelial function are invasive and difficult to repeat over time. Recently, a noninvasive ultrasound method has been widely used to measure flow-mediated dilation in the brachial artery as a surrogate test for endothelial function. We seek to further validate this method of measuring vascular function. The brachial artery diameters and blood flow of 20 normal volunteers (10 males and 10 females) were measured using high resolution (7.5 MHz) ultrasound and strain gauge plethysmography. Flow-mediated endothelium-dependent vasodilation was measured in the brachial artery during reactive hyperemia after 5 minutes of cuff occlusion in the upper arm. The brachial artery diameter increased maximally by 9.7 ± 4.3% from baseline at 1 min after cuff release and blood flow increased by 1002 ± 376%. Five min of cuff occlusion was sufficient to achieve 97 ± 6% of maximal brachial artery dilation and degree of dilation was not different whether the cuff was inflated proximally or distally to the image site. The intraobserver variability in measuring brachial diameters was 2.9 % and the variability of the hyperemic response was 1.4%. In young, healthy men and women, the baseline brachial artery diameter was the only factor that was predictive of the flow-mediated vasodilation response. The brachial noninvasive technique has been further validated by the determination of flow-mediated dilation. This method of assessing endothelial function may help to determine the importance of vasodilator dysfunction as a risk factor in the development of atherosclerosis.

scholarly journals Hyperglycemia Increases Muscle Blood Flow and Alters Endothelial Function in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda S. Dye ◽  
Hong Huang ◽  
John A. Bauer ◽  
Robert P. Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Muscle Blood Flow ◽  
Arterial Occlusion ◽  
Venous Occlusion ◽  
Before And After

Alterations of blood flow and endothelial function precede development of complications in type 1 diabetes. The effects of hyperglycemia on vascular function in early type 1 diabetes are poorly understood. To investigate the effect of hyperglycemia on forearm vascular resistance (FVR) and endothelial function in adolescents with type 1 diabetes, FVR was measured before and after 5 minutes of upper arm arterial occlusion using venous occlusion plethysmography in (1) fasted state, (2) euglycemic state (~90 mg/dL; using 40 mU/m2/min insulin infusion), and (3) hyperglycemic state (~200 mg/dL) in 11 adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Endothelial function was assessed by the change in FVR following occlusion. Seven subjects returned for a repeat study with hyperglycemia replaced by euglycemia. Preocclusion FVR decreased from euglycemia to hyperglycemia (P=0.003). Postocclusion fall in FVR during hyperglycemia was less than during euglycemia (P=0.002). These findings were not reproduced when hyperglycemia was replaced with a second euglycemia. These results demonstrate that acute hyperglycemia causes vasodilation and alters endothelial function in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. In addition they have implications for future studies of endothelial function in type 1 diabetes and provide insight into the etiology of macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 1 diabetes.

scholarly journals Effect of Body Fat Percentage on Muscle Damage Induced by High-Intensity Eccentric Exercise

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 3476
Author(s):  
Eun-Jung Yoon ◽  
Jooyoung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Isometric Strength ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Group Time ◽  
The Impact

This study aimed to investigate the impact of percent body fat (%BF) on muscle damage after high-intensity eccentric exercise. Thirty healthy male undergraduates (mean age: 22.0 ± 2 years, height: 176.9 ± 5 cm, weight: 75.8 ± 11.6 kg) participated in this study, and they were classified according to their %BF into a high %fat group (HFG, ≥20%, n = 15) and a low %fat group (LFG, ≤15%, n = 15). For eccentric exercise, two sets of 25 reps were performed on a modified preacher curl machine using the elbow flexor muscle. Maximal isometric strength, muscle soreness (passive and active), creatine kinase (CK), and myoglobin (Mb) were measured as indices of muscle damage. The data were analyzed with repeated measures ANOVA. The results show that there is a significant group–time interaction for both CK and Mb after eccentric exercise (p = 0.007, p = 0.015, respectively), with a greater increase in the HFG than in the LFG. However, there was no significant group–time interaction for maximal isometric strength and muscle soreness (passive and active) (p > 0.05). These results suggest that %BF is a factor that alters the muscle damage indices CK and Mb, which indicate membrane disruption, after eccentric exercise.

Distinct contributions of skin and core temperatures to flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery following passive heating

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoff B. Coombs ◽  
Joshua C. Tremblay ◽  
Daria A. Shkredova ◽  
Jay M.J.R. Carr ◽  
Denis J. Wakeham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Shear Stress ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilation ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Esophageal Temperature ◽  
Passive Heating ◽  
Time Control

We measured acute vascular responses to heat stress to examine the hypothesis that macrovascular endothelial-dependent dilation is improved in a shear-dependent manner, which is further modified by skin temperature. Twelve healthy males performed whole-body heating (+1.5°C esophageal temperature), bilateral forearm heating (~38°C skin temperature), and a time-matched (~60 min) control condition on separate days in counterbalanced order. Bilateral assessments of blood flow and brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) were performed before and 10 min after each condition protocols with duplex Doppler ultrasound. To isolate the influence of shear stress, a pneumatic cuff was inflated (~90 mmHg) around the right forearm during each condition to attenuate heat-induced rises in blood flow and shear stress. After forearm heating, FMD increased [cuffed: 4.7 (2.9) to 6.8 (1.5)%, non-cuffed: 5.1 (2.8) to 6.4 (2.6)%] in both arms (time P<0.01). Whole-body heating also increased FMD in the non-cuffed arm from 3.6 (2.2) to 9.2 (3.2)% and in the cuffed arm from to 5.6 (3.0)% to 8.6 (4.9)% (time P<0.01). After the time control, FMD decreased [cuffed: 6.3 (2.4) to 4.7 (2.2)%, non-cuffed: 6.1 (3.0) to 4.5 (2.6)%] in both arms (time P=0.03). Multiple linear regression (adjusted r2=0.263, P=0.003) revealed that changes in esophageal temperature, skin temperatures, and heart rate explained the majority of the variance in this model (34%, 31% and 21%, respectively). Our findings indicate that, in addition to shear stress, skin and core temperatures are likely important contributors to passive heating-induced vascular adaptations.

scholarly journals (−)-Epicatechin administration and exercising skeletal muscle vascular control and microvascular oxygenation in healthy rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 304 (2) ◽  
pp. H206-H214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven W. Copp ◽  
Tadakatsu Inagaki ◽  
Michael J. White ◽  
Daniel M. Hirai ◽  
Scott K. Ferguson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
Muscle Blood Flow ◽  
Endurance Capacity ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Blood Flow ◽  
Exercise Endurance ◽  
Microvascular Oxygenation

Consumption of the dietary flavanol (−)-epicatechin (EPI) is associated with enhanced endothelial function and augmented skeletal muscle capillarity and mitochondrial volume density. The potential for EPI to improve peripheral vascular function and muscle oxygenation during exercise is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that EPI administration in healthy rats would improve treadmill exercise performance secondary to elevated skeletal muscle blood flow and vascular conductance [VC, blood flow/mean arterial pressure (MAP)] and improved skeletal muscle microvascular oxygenation. Rats received water (control, n = 12) or 4 mg/kg EPI ( n = 12) via oral gavage daily for 24 days. Exercise endurance capacity and peak O2 uptake (V̇o2 peak) were measured via treadmill runs to exhaustion. MAP (arterial catheter) and blood flow (radiolabeled microspheres) were measured and VC was calculated during submaximal treadmill exercise (25 m/min, 5% grade). Spinotrapezius muscle microvascular O2 pressure (Po2mv) was measured (phosphorescence quenching) during electrically induced twitch (1 Hz) contractions. In conscious rats, EPI administration resulted in lower (↓∼5%) resting ( P = 0.03) and exercising ( P = 0.04) MAP. There were no differences in exercise endurance capacity, V̇o2 peak, total exercising hindlimb blood flow (control, 154 ± 13; and EPI, 159 ± 8 ml·min−1·100 g−1, P = 0.68), or VC (control, 1.13 ± 0.10; and EPI, 1.24 ± 0.08 ml·min−1·100 g−1·mmHg−1, P = 0.21) between groups. Following anesthesia, EPI resulted in lower MAP (↓∼16%) but did not impact resting Po2mv or any kinetics parameters ( P > 0.05 for all) during muscle contractions compared with control. EPI administration (4 mg·kg−1·day−1) improved modestly cardiovascular function (i.e., ↓MAP) with no impact on exercise performance, total exercising skeletal muscle blood flow and VC, or contracting muscle microvascular oxygenation in healthy rats.

Numerical Simulation of Fluid-Induced Vibration and Wall Shear Stress in Fusi/Form Cerebral Aneurysm: Newtonian and Non-Newtonian Fluid

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Hyun Kim ◽  
Joon Sand Lee ◽  
Xin Wu
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Shear Stress ◽  
Wall Shear Stress ◽  
Newtonian Fluid ◽  
Stress Gradient ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Rupture Area ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Wall Shear

Vascular techniques have been used for curing the aneurysm, but the reason for the occurrence of aneurysms can not be known using these techniques. These techniques are usually used for preventing a significant situation such as rupture of an aneurysm. In our study, blood flow effects with or without vascular techniques inside an aneurysm were analyzed with computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Important hemodynamic quantities like wall shear stress and pressure in vessel are difficult to measure in-vivo. Blood flow is assumed to be Newtonian fluid. But it actually consists of platelets, so it is also considered a non-Newtonian fluid in this study. Results of the numerical model were used to compare and analyze fluid characteristics with experimental data. Using the flow characteristics (wall shear stress (WSS), wall shear stress gradient (WSSG)), the rupture area was identified to be located in the distal area. However, the rupture area, in vivo studies, was observed to be present at a different location. During pulsatile flow, vibration induced by flow is implicated by weakening of the artery wall and affects more than shear stress. After adapting the fluid-induced vibration, the rupture area in aneurysm is found to be located in the same area as the in-vivo result. Since smaller inflow and low WSS provide the effect of the distal neck, the vibration provides more effects in dome area. In this study it has been found that the effect of shear stress on the rupture of aneurysm is less than the effect of vibration. In the case of non-Newtonian fluid, vibration induced by flow also has more effects than WSS and WSSG. The simulation results gave detailed information about hemodynamics under physiological pulsatile inlet condition.

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