Systematic review of the relationships between sleep duration and health indicators in school-aged children and youth

The objective of this systematic review was to examine the relationships between objectively and subjectively measured sleep duration and various health indicators in children and youth aged 5–17 years. Online databases were searched in January 2015 with no date or study design limits. Included studies were peer-reviewed and met the a priori-determined population (apparently healthy children and youth aged 5–17 years), intervention/exposure/comparator (various sleep durations), and outcome (adiposity, emotional regulation, cognition/academic achievement, quality of life/well-being, harms/injuries, and cardiometabolic biomarkers) criteria. Because of high levels of heterogeneity across studies, narrative syntheses were employed. A total of 141 articles (110 unique samples), including 592 215 unique participants from 40 different countries, met inclusion criteria. Overall, longer sleep duration was associated with lower adiposity indicators, better emotional regulation, better academic achievement, and better quality of life/well-being. The evidence was mixed and/or limited for the association between sleep duration and cognition, harms/injuries, and cardiometabolic biomarkers. The quality of evidence ranged from very low to high across study designs and health indicators. In conclusion, we confirmed previous investigations showing that shorter sleep duration is associated with adverse physical and mental health outcomes. However, the available evidence relies heavily on cross-sectional studies using self-reported sleep. To better inform contemporary sleep recommendations, there is a need for sleep restriction/extension interventions that examine the changes in different outcome measures against various amounts of objectively measured sleep to have a better sense of dose–response relationships.

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Combinations of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep: relationships with health indicators in school-aged children and youth

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/apnm-2015-0626 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 41 (6 (Suppl. 3)) ◽

pp. S283-S293 ◽

Cited By ~ 136

Author(s):

Travis John Saunders ◽

Casey Ellen Gray ◽

Veronica Joan Poitras ◽

Jean-Philippe Chaput ◽

Ian Janssen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Sedentary Behaviour ◽

Emotional Regulation ◽

Health Indicators ◽

Well Being ◽

Children And Youth ◽

Cardiometabolic Health ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Assessment Development

The purpose of this systematic review was to determine how combinations of physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviour (SB), and sleep were associated with important health indicators in children and youth aged 5–17 years. Online databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, SPORTdiscus, CINAHL, and PsycINFO) were searched for relevant studies examining the relationship between time spent engaging in different combinations of PA, SB, and sleep with the following health indicators: adiposity, cardiometabolic biomarkers, physical fitness, emotional regulation/psychological distress, behavioural conduct/pro-social behaviour, cognition, quality of life/well-being, injuries, bone density, motor skill development, and self-esteem. PA had to be objectively measured, while sleep and SB could be objectively or subjectively measured. The quality of research evidence and risk of bias for each health indicator and for each individual study was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) framework. A total of 13 cross-sectional studies and a single prospective cohort study reporting data from 36 560 individual participants met the inclusion criteria. Children and youth with a combination of high PA/high sleep/low SB had more desirable measures of adiposity and cardiometabolic health compared with those with a combination of low PA/low sleep/high SB. Health benefits were also observed for those with a combination of high PA/high sleep (cardiometabolic health and adiposity) or high PA/low SB (cardiometabolic health, adiposity and fitness), compared with low PA/low sleep or low PA/high SB. Of the 3 movement behaviours, PA (especially moderate- to vigorous-intensity PA) was most consistently associated with desirable health indicators. Given the lack of randomized trials, the overall quality of the available evidence was low.

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The effectiveness of hope-fostering interventions in palliative care: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Palliative Medicine ◽

10.1177/0269216321994728 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 026921632199472

Author(s):

Natalia Salamanca-Balen ◽

Thomas V Merluzzi ◽

Man Chen

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Palliative Care ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Symptom Burden ◽

Well Being ◽

Medium Effect ◽

Spiritual Well Being ◽

Quasi Experimental

Background: The concept of hope is an important theme in chronic illness and palliative care and has been associated with increased psycho-spiritual well-being and quality of life. Psycho-spiritual interventions have been described in this population, but no systematic review of hope-enhancing interventions or hopelessness-reducing interventions has been conducted for persons with palliative care diseases. Aim: To describe and assess the effectiveness of interventions in palliative care that measure hope and/or hopelessness as an outcome. Design: This systematic review and meta-analysis was pre-registered (Prospero ID: CRD42019119956). Data sources: Electronic databases, journals, and references were searched. We used the Cochrane criteria to assess the risk of bias within studies. Results: Thirty-five studies (24 randomized controlled trials, 5 quasi-experimental, 6 pre-post studies) involving a total of 3296 palliative care patients were included. Compared with usual/standard cancer care alone, interventions significantly increased hope levels at a medium effect size ( g = 0.61, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.28–0.93) but did not significantly reduce hopelessness ( g = −0.08, 95% CI = −0.18 to 0.02). It was found that interventions significantly increase spirituality ( g = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.02–1.37) and decrease depression ( g = −0.29, 95% CI = −0.51 to −0.07), but had no significant effect over anxiety, quality of life, and symptom burden. Overall, quality of evidence across the included studies was rated as low. Conclusions: Evidence suggests that interventions can be effective in increasing hope in palliative care patients.

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Medical technology: A systematic review on medical devices utilized for epilepsy prediction and management

Current Neuropharmacology ◽

10.2174/1570159x19666211108153001 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 ◽

Author(s):

Jen Sze Ong ◽

Shuet Nee Wong ◽

Alina Arulsamy ◽

Jessica L. Watterson ◽

Mohd. Farooq Shaikh

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Medical Devices ◽

Epileptic Seizures ◽

Well Being ◽

Sudden Unexpected Death ◽

Unexpected Death ◽

Long Time ◽

Wearable Medical

: Epilepsy is a devastating neurological disorder that affects nearly 70 million people worldwide. Epilepsy causes uncontrollable, unprovoked and unpredictable seizures that reduces the quality of life of those afflicted, with 1-9 epileptic patient deaths per 1000 patient occurring annually due to sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). Predicting the onset of seizures and managing them may help patients from harming themselves and may improve their well-being. For a long time, electroencephalography (EEG) devices have been the mainstay for seizure detection and monitoring. This systematic review aimed to elucidate and critically evaluate the latest advancements of medical devices, besides EEG, that have been proposed for the management and prediction of epileptic seizures. A literature search was performed on three databases; PubMed, Scopus and EMBASE. Following title/abstract screening by two independent reviewers, 27 articles were selected for critical analysis in this review. These articles revealed ambulatory, non-invasive and wearable medical devices such as the in-ear EEG devices, the accelerometer-based devices and the subcutaneous implanted EEG devices might be more acceptable than traditional EEG systems. In addition, extracerebral signal-based devices may be more efficient than EEG-based systems, especially when combined with an intervention trigger. Although further studies may still be required to improve and validate these proposed systems before commercialization, these findings may give hope to epileptic patients, particularly those with refractory epilepsy, to predict and manage their seizures. The use of medical devices for epilepsy may improve patients' independence and quality of life and possibly prevent sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP).

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Parent emigration and physical health of children left behind: systematic review of the literature

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckz186.024 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽

Author(s):

J Racaite ◽

G Surkiene ◽

M Jakubauskiene ◽

R Sketerskiene ◽

L Wulkau

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Physical Health ◽

Well Being ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Unhealthy Lifestyle ◽

Poor Growth ◽

Left Behind ◽

Children Left Behind

Abstract Background Children left behind (CLB) are those, who have been left behind at their original residence while one or both parents migrate to other places for work. The aim of this study was to systematically review studies where the physical health consequences for CLB were analysed. Methods We searched the Web of Science, PubMed, Academic Search Complete, PsycINFO and Cochrane databases. We included studies reporting physical health outcomes of children affected by parent migration. Results We selected 35 studies from a total of 2191. The results reveal that, overall, the absence of one or both parents is related to poorer child health - the nutrition of CLB is not healthy or balanced and is insufficient, leading to higher rates of anaemia and poor growth indicators of affected children. Boys left by parents are smaller than boys who were never left behind. CLB face lower underweight or stunted growth risks due to the additional income from remittances which ensures sufficient food for the household, this can also lead, however, to overweight and obesity. Unhealthy lifestyle behaviours such as smoking, alcohol, food preferences, lower physical activity and higher risk of injuries were more prevalent among CLB. CLB were more likely not to have completed the recommended vaccination programme than those living with their parents. Opinions vary on how emigration of parents affects children’s well-being and quality of life. CLB had higher probabilities of higher well-being than children living in non-migrant households. However, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of CLB scored significantly lower than HRQoL of non-left-behind children. Conclusions The migration of parents has negative impacts on the child’s physical health, however it can also have positive impacts on children’s well-being when basic needs for sufficient nutrition are not satisfied in the home countries. Public health interventions should be taken to ensure the health of the CLB population. Key messages This is the first systematic review on the physical health of CLB. The well-being of CLB is poorer and they are at risk of health problems, such as insufficient and/or unbalanced diet, unhealthy behaviours and incomplete vaccination status.

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NOTEWORTHY: THE IMPACT OF A CHOIR FOR OLDER ADULTS WITH DEMENTIA ON THE WELL-BEING AND QUALITY OF LIFE OF CAREGIVERS

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igz038.2759 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S752-S752

Author(s):

Debra J Sheets ◽

Stuart W MacDonald ◽

Andre Smith ◽

Mary Kennedy

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Older Adults ◽

Health Indicators ◽

Well Being ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Caregiver Support ◽

Economic Implications ◽

Health Quality ◽

The Impact

Abstract Informal caregivers provide 80% of the care needed to support community-dwelling older adults with dementia. Over time caregivers often face adverse effects on their health, quality of life and well-being; particularly those caring for someone with dementia. This study examines the impact of participation in the Voices in Motion (ViM) choir on caregiver burden, mood and quality of life. A measurement burst approach was used to investigate intraindividual variability on key psychosocial and health indicators. Results indicate that choir participation significantly improves caregiver well-being (e.g. mood, burden) and quality of life. Findings suggest that choirs offer significant caregiver support and respite. The discussion focuses the public policy and on the potential economic implications which suggests a shift is needed in the services available to older adults with dementia and their caregivers.

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Quality of Life and Psychosocial Well-Being in Youth With Neuromuscular Disorders Who Are Wheelchair Users: A Systematic Review

Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation ◽

10.1016/j.apmr.2016.10.011 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 98 (5) ◽

pp. 1004-1017.e1 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Vivienne Travlos ◽

Shane Patman ◽

Andrew Wilson ◽

Gail Simcock ◽

Jenny Downs

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Neuromuscular Disorders ◽

Well Being ◽

Wheelchair Users

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Living well with dementia: a systematic review and correlational meta-analysis of factors associated with quality of life, well-being and life satisfaction in people with dementia

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291718000405 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 48 (13) ◽

pp. 2130-2139 ◽

Cited By ~ 61

Author(s):

Anthony Martyr ◽

Sharon M. Nelis ◽

Catherine Quinn ◽

Yu-Tzu Wu ◽

Ruth A. Lamont ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Life Satisfaction ◽

Social Engagement ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Well Being ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Living Well ◽

People With Dementia

AbstractCurrent policy emphasises the importance of ‘living well’ with dementia, but there has been no comprehensive synthesis of the factors related to quality of life (QoL), subjective well-being or life satisfaction in people with dementia. We examined the available evidence in a systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched electronic databases until 7 January 2016 for observational studies investigating factors associated with QoL, well-being and life satisfaction in people with dementia. Articles had to provide quantitative data and include ⩾75% people with dementia of any type or severity. We included 198 QoL studies taken from 272 articles in the meta-analysis. The analysis focused on 43 factors with sufficient data, relating to 37639 people with dementia. Generally, these factors were significantly associated with QoL, but effect sizes were often small (0.1–0.29) or negligible (<0.09). Factors reflecting relationships, social engagement and functional ability were associated with better QoL. Factors indicative of poorer physical and mental health (including depression and other neuropsychiatric symptoms) and poorer carer well-being were associated with poorer QoL. Longitudinal evidence about predictors of QoL was limited. There was a considerable between-study heterogeneity. The pattern of numerous predominantly small associations with QoL suggests a need to reconsider approaches to understanding and assessing living well with dementia.

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