Switching to a fibre-rich and low-fat diet increases colonic folate contents among African Americans

How dietary patterns impact colonic bacterial biosynthesis of vitamins and utilization by humans is poorly understood. Our aim was to investigate whether a reciprocal dietary switch between rural South Africans (traditionally high fibre, low fat) and African Americans (Western diet of low fibre, high fat) affects colonic folate synthesis. Colonic evacuants were obtained from 20 rural South Africans and 20 African Americans consuming their usual diets at baseline. For 2 weeks thereafter, rural South Africans were provided with a Western diet (protein, 27%; fat, 52%; carbohydrate, 20%; and fibre, 8 g/day) and African Americans were provided with a high fibre, low-fat diet (protein, 16%; fat, 17%; carbohydrate, 63%; and fibre, 43 g/day). Colonic evacuants were again collected. No difference between groups at baseline in the folate content of 3-h evacuants was observed. The high-fibre, low-fat diet consumed by African Americans during the intervention produced a 41% increase in mean total folate content compared with baseline values (p = 0.0037). No change was observed in rural South Africans consuming a Western diet. Mean total folate content of colonic evacuants was higher among African Americans at the end of the dietary switch (3107 ± 1811 μg) compared with rural South Africans (2157 ± 1956 μg) (p = 0.0409). In conclusion, consistent with animal studies, switching from a Western diet to one higher in fibre and lower in fat can be expected to result in greater colonic folate content. Future research should confirm that these observations are not transitory and understand the contribution of transit-time to the findings.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of High-fibre, low-fat diet predicts long-term weight loss and decreased type 2 diabetes risk: the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1061690.513602 ◽

2007 ◽

Author(s):

Johannes Siegrist

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Diabetes Prevention ◽

Prevention Study ◽

Low Fat ◽

Diabetes Prevention Study ◽

Low Fat Diet ◽

High Fibre

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High-fibre, low-fat diet predicts long-term weight loss and decreased type 2 diabetes risk: the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study

Diabetologia ◽

10.1007/s00125-006-0198-3 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 49 (5) ◽

pp. 912-920 ◽

Cited By ~ 179

Author(s):

J. Lindström ◽

M. Peltonen ◽

J. G. Eriksson ◽

A. Louheranta ◽

M. Fogelholm ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Diabetes Prevention ◽

Prevention Study ◽

Low Fat ◽

Diabetes Prevention Study ◽

Low Fat Diet ◽

High Fibre

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Effects of sex and ethnicity on responses to a low-fat diet: a study of African Americans and whites

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1093/ajcn/62.2.488s ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 62 (2) ◽

pp. 488S-492S ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

B V Howard ◽

J S Hannah ◽

C C Heiser ◽

K A Jablonski

Keyword(s):

African Americans ◽

Low Fat ◽

Low Fat Diet

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Novel Autoimmune IgM Antibody Attenuates Atherosclerosis in IgM Deficient Low-Fat Diet–Fed, but Not Western Diet–Fed Apoe –/– Mice

Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology ◽

10.1161/atvbaha.119.312771 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

pp. 206-219 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Olga A. Cherepanova ◽

Prasad Srikakulapu ◽

Elizabeth S. Greene ◽

Malay Chaklader ◽

Ryan M. Haskins ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neutralizing Antibodies ◽

Oxidized Ldl ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Western Diet ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Active Components ◽

Low Fat ◽

Igm Antibody ◽

Low Fat Diet

Objective: Oxidized phospholipids (OxPL), such as the oxidized derivatives of 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine, 1-palmitoyl-2-(5-oxovaleroyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine, and 1-palmitoyl-2-glutaroyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine, have been shown to be the principal biologically active components of minimally oxidized LDL (low-density lipoprotein). The role of OxPL in cardiovascular diseases is well recognized, including activation of inflammation within vascular cells. Atherosclerotic Apoe –/– mice fed a high-fat diet develop antibodies to OxPL, and hybridoma B-cell lines producing natural anti-OxPL autoantibodies have been successfully generated and characterized. However, as yet, no studies have been reported demonstrating that treatment with OxPL neutralizing antibodies can be used to prevent or reverse advanced atherosclerosis. Approach and Results: Here, using a screening against 1-palmitoyl-2-(5-oxovaleroyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine/1-palmitoyl-2-glutaroyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine, we generated a novel IgM autoantibody, 10C12, from the spleens of Apoe –/– mice fed a long-term Western diet, that demonstrated potent OxPL neutralizing activity in vitro and the ability to inhibit macrophage accumulation within arteries of Apoe –/– mice fed a Western diet for 4 weeks. Of interest, 10C12 failed to inhibit atherosclerosis progression in Apoe –/– mice treated between 18 and 26 weeks of Western diet feeding likely due at least in part to high levels of endogenous anti-OxPL antibodies. However, 10C12 treatment caused a 40% decrease in lipid accumulation within aortas of secreted IgM deficient, sIgM –/– Apoe –/– , mice fed a low-fat diet, when the antibody was administrated between 32-40 weeks of age. Conclusions: Taken together, these results provide direct evidence showing that treatment with a single autoimmune anti-OxPL IgM antibody during advanced disease stages can have an atheroprotective outcome.

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Investigating the effect of positional variation on mid-lactation mammary gland transcriptomics in mice fed either a low-fat or high-fat diet

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0255770 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (8) ◽

pp. e0255770

Author(s):

Adrienne A. Cheng ◽

Wenli Li ◽

Laura L. Hernandez

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Mammary Gland ◽

Differentially Expressed Genes ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Differentially Expressed ◽

Future Research ◽

High Fat ◽

Low Fat ◽

Low Fat Diet ◽

Positional Variation

Little attention has been given to the effect of positional variation of gene expression in the mammary gland. However, more research is shedding light regarding the physiological differences that mammary gland location can have on the murine mammary gland. Here we examined the differentially expressed genes between mammary gland positions under either a low-fat diet (LFD) or a high-fat diet (HFD) in the mid-lactation mammary gland (lactation day 11; L11). Three-week old WT C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to either a low-fat diet (LFD) or high fat diet (HFD) (n = 3/group) and either the right thoracic mammary gland (TMG) or inguinal mammary gland (IMG) was collected from each dam for a total of 12 unique glands. Within each diet, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were first filtered by adjusted p-value (cutoff ≤ 0.05) and fold-change (FC, cutoff ≥2). Genes were further filtered by mean normalized read count with a cutoff≥10. We observed that mammary gland position had a significant impact on mammary gland gene expression with either LFD or HFD diet, with 1264 DEGs in LFD dams and 777 DEGs in HFD dams. We found that genes related to snRNP binding and translation initiation were most significantly altered between the TMG and IMG. Although we were not able to discern a molecular mechanism, many small nuclear RNAs and small nucleolar RNAs were differentially expressed between the TMG and IMG responsible for cellular functions such as splicing and ribosome biogenesis, which provides and interesting avenue for future research. Our study supports the hypothesis that collection of the mammary gland from a particular location influences mammary gland gene expression, thereby highlighting the importance for researchers to be vigilant in documenting and reporting which mammary gland they are using for their studies.

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