The taxonomic and phylogenetic utility of vegetative anatomy and fruit epidermal silica bodies in Carex section Phyllostachys (Cyperaceae)

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 362-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian R Starr ◽  
Bruce A Ford
Keyword(s):  
Support Groups ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Evolutionary Relationships ◽  
Silica Body ◽  
Species Pair ◽  
Vegetative Anatomy ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Species Circumscription ◽  
Phylogenetic Hypotheses ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data

In Carex, vegetative anatomy and fruit epidermal silica bodies have been used to delimit species and sections, although frequent conflicts with traditional classifications have led many authors to question whether they can be used to infer evolutionary relationships. This conclusion, however, has largely been drawn from poorly circumscribed groups that have not been phylogenetically analyzed. This study was undertaken to assess the taxonomic and phylogenetic utility of these characters within Carex section Phyllostachys, a small (eight species), monophyletic group whose taxonomy and phylogeny has been extensively studied. Leaf and culm anatomy clearly separate the close species pair of Carex backii Boott and Carex saximontana Mackenzie, and they provide unique characters that distinguish Carex latebracteata Waterfall and Carex juniperorum Catling, Reznicek, & Crins. Anatomical and silica body characters strongly support the recognition of three species within the Carex willdenowii Willdenow complex (Carex willdenowii s.s., Carex basiantha Steudel, Carex superata Naczi, Reznicek, & B.A. Ford). Although unique characters were lacking in Carex jamesii Schw., infraspecific variation in its silica bodies was consistent with the high levels of genetic and morphological variation previously detected. Silica body characters support groups that are congruent with previous phylogenetic hypotheses derived from both morphological and molecular data. In contrast, vegetative anatomy, in this and previous studies, supports contradictory groups suggesting that its use in future phylogenetic studies below the sectional level in Carex may be limited.Key words: Carex, anatomy, silica bodies, cladistics, species circumscription.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic studies of eucalypts: fossils, morphology and genomes

2016 ◽  
Vol 128 (1) ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Bayly
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequencing ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
History Of ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
Economic Use ◽  
Insight Into

The eucalypt group includes seven genera: Eucalyptus, Corymbia, Angophora, Eucalyptopsis, Stockwellia, Allosyncarpia and Arillastrum. Knowledge of eucalypt phylogeny underpins classification of the group, and facilitates understanding of their ecology, conservation and economic use, as well as providing insight into the history of Australia’s flora. Studies of fossils and phylogenetic analyses of morphological and molecular data have made substantial contributions to understanding of eucalypt relationships and biogeography, but relationships among some genera are still uncertain, and there is controversy about generic circumscription of the bloodwood eucalypts (genus Corymbia). Relationships at lower taxonomic levels, e.g. among sections and series of Eucalyptus, are also not well resolved. Recent advances in DNA sequencing methods offer the ability to obtain large genomic datasets that will enable improved understanding of eucalypt evolution.

scholarly journals Cytogenetic analysis of Hypomasticus copelandii and H. steindachneri: relevance of cytotaxonomic markers in the Anostomidae family (Characiformes)

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-76
Author(s):  
Filipe Schitini Salgado ◽  
Marina Souza Cunha ◽  
Silvana Melo ◽  
Jorge Abdala Dergam
Keyword(s):  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
5S Rdna ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
As Species ◽  
Heteromorphic Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Phylogenetic Hypotheses ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
Species Specific

Recent phylogenetic hypotheses within Anostomidae, based on morphological and molecular data, resulted in the description of new genera (Megaleporinus Ramirez, Birindelli et Galetti, 2017) and the synonymization of others, such as the reallocation of Leporinus copelandii Steindachner, 1875 and Leporinus steindachneri Eigenmann, 1907 to Hypomasticus Borodin, 1929. Despite high levels of conservatism of the chromosomal macrostructure in this family, species groups have been corroborated using banding patterns and the presence of different sex chromosome systems. Due to the absence of cytogenetic studies in H. copelandii (Steindachner, 1875) and H. steindachneri (Eigenmann, 1907), the goal of this study was to characterize their karyotypes and investigate the presence/absence of sex chromosome systems using different repetitive DNA probes. Cytogenetic techniques included: Giemsa staining, Ag-NOR banding and FISH using 18S and 5S rDNA probes, as well as microsatellite probes (CA)15 and (GA)15. Both species had 2n = 54, absence of heteromorphic sex chromosomes, one chromosome pair bearing Ag-NOR, 18S and 5S rDNA regions. The (CA)15 and (GA)15 probes marked mainly the subtelomeric regions of all chromosomes and were useful as species-specific chromosomal markers. Our results underline that chromosomal macrostructure is congruent with higher systematic arrangements in Anostomidae, while microsatellite probes are informative about autapomorphic differences between species.

New and known species of the genus Pungentus Thorne & Swanger, 1936 (Dorylaimida, Nordiidae) from Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Heydari ◽  
F. Gharibzadeh ◽  
E. Pourjam ◽  
M. Pedram
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Data ◽  
The Body ◽  
Rhizospheric Soil ◽  
Female Reproductive System ◽  
Phylogenetic Relations ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
System Body

Abstract This contribution provides morphological and molecular data for one new and one known species of the genus Pungentus. The first species, P. azarbaijanensis n. sp., was recovered from the rhizospheric soil of grasses, collected in West Azarbaijan province, Iran, and was characterized by 2082–2365 μm long females having an angular lip region separated from the rest of the body by a constriction, 33–35 μm long odontostyle, vulva at 43.5–51.0%, 27.0–29.5 μm long rounded-conoid tail, and males unknown. It was compared morphologically with five species: P. angulosus, P. crassus, P. marietani, P. parapungens and P. pungens, which have didelphic-amphidelphic female reproductive system, body longer than 1.5 mm, and odontostyle longer than 20 μm. The second species, P. engadinensis, was recovered in three different regions of Iran (Mazandaran, Semnan and East Azarbaijan provinces). It was compared morphologically with some other populations reported all over the world. Besides morphological studies, molecular phylogenetic studies using partial sequences of 28S rDNA D2-D3 fragments were performed, and the phylogenetic relations of the two Iranian populations with other species and genera were discussed.

The taxonomic foundation, species circumscription and continental endemisms ofSingerocybe: evidence from morphological and molecular data

Mycologia ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 106 (5) ◽  
pp. 1015-1026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiao Qin ◽  
Bang Feng ◽  
Zhu L. Yang ◽  
Yan-Chun Li ◽  
David Ratkowsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Data ◽  
Foundation Species ◽  
Species Circumscription ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data

scholarly journals The occurrence of three species of the genus Oscheius Andrássy, 1976 (Nematoda: Rhabditida) in Iran

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 248-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Valizadeh ◽  
Shila Goldasteh ◽  
Zahra Rafiei-Karahroodi ◽  
Majid Pedram
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Bayesian Posterior Probability ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Dead Trees ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
First Time

AbstractDue to importance and effectiveness of some entomopathogenic or insect parasitic nematodes in controlling of agricultural pests, or pests of non-agricultural plants, a study was conducted in order to identify the species of this group of nematodes in city of Tehran. As the result, three species belonging to the genusOscheiuswere recovered in association with bark samples having the bark beetle galleries. Morphological and molecular data were provided for two recently recovered species of the genus, namelyO. necromenusandO. onirici. Molecular data were also provided for a recently recovered isolate ofO. tipulae. All three species were recovered in association with bark samples collected from dead trees in the city of Tehran. Morphological characters and morphometric data of the two aforementioned species are in accordance with the data given in their original descriptions. One recovered individual from a small bark sample characterized by its short body length was sequenced for its 28S and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA loci, and the results of BLAST search using the newly obtained partial sequences revealed that it belonged toO. tipulae. Molecular phylogenetic studies revealed recently sequenced Iranian populations ofO. oniriciandO. tipulaeforming a clade with other isolates/populations of these species in ITS tree with maximal Bayesian posterior probability (BPP), and presently sequenced isolates ofO. tipulaeandO. necromenusform a clade with other isolates of these species in 28S tree. The two speciesO. oniriciandO. necromenuswere reported in Iran for the first time.

Morphological characters and phylogenetic analysis reveal a new species of Sanghuangporus from China

Phytotaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 311 (3) ◽  
pp. 270 ◽  
Author(s):  
LIN ZHU ◽  
JIA-HUI XING ◽  
BAO-KAI CUI
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Its Regions ◽  
The Status ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
A New Species

Based on phylogenetic studies, the Inonotus linteus complex has been recently divided into two genera, Sanghuangporus and Tropicoporus. During investigations on the species diversity of the Inonotus linteus complex from China, a new species, Sanghuangporus quercicola sp. nov., is described based on morphological and molecular data. Morphologically, it is characterized by perennial, pileate basidiomata, a heterogeneous hyphal system with monomitic in context and dimitic in trama, and broadly subglobose to ovoid, thick-walled basidiospores measuring as 3–3.9 × 2.4–2.8 μm. Phylogenetically, the status of S. quercicola is strongly supported based on sequences of the nuclear internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions.

The systematics of Boulengerula fischeri (Amphibia: Gymnophiona: Caeciliidae) based on morphological and molecular data

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2767 (1) ◽  
pp. 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID J. GOWER ◽  
ANNA PAPADOPOULOU ◽  
THOMAS M. DOHERTY-BONE ◽  
FABIO PUPIN ◽  
DIEGO SAN MAURO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Nominal Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
The Status ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
New Material ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data

Eight new specimens are reported for the caecilian amphibian Boulengerula fischeri, a species known in detail previously only from its holotype collected in 1987. The new material was collected at the type locality in Rwanda in 2009, and is used to expand and refine the morphological characterization of the species. Mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences were used to assess the phylogenetic position of B. fischeri in the context of a recent molecular phylogeny of six of the seven other species of Boulengerula (from Kenya and Tanzania). Among nominal species, only B. denhardti remains to be included in molecular phylogenetic studies of Boulengerula. Boulengerula is recovered as monophyletic, with either B. fischeri or (more probably) B. boulengeri sister to all other sampled species. There are at least three deep lineages within Boulengerula: (1) B. boulengeri, (2) B. fischeri, and (3) all other Eastern Arc Mountain and Coastal Forest species from Kenya and Tanzania. The status of Afrocaecilia, a genus erected by Taylor in 1968 to contain all Boulengerula except B. boulengeri, is not yet resolved.

Morphological and molecular data of two species of the rare genera Thada Thorne, 1941 and Tenunemellus Siddiqi, 1986 (Nematoda: Tylenchidae) from Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hosseinvand ◽  
A. Eskandari ◽  
R. Ghaderi ◽  
A. Karegar
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Populus Euphratica ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data

Abstract Thada populus n. sp. was found in the rhizosphere of Populus euphratica in the city of Dezful, south-western Iran. The new species is characterized by its 365–453 μm body length, cuticle with transverse annuli 0.9–1.2 μm wide, lateral fields with four lines, lip region low with one or two annuli, 7.0–8.5 μm wide at base, longitudinal or slightly sigmoid amphidial slit, delicate stylet 8.4–9.8 μm long with posteriorly directed knobs, dorsal pharyngeal gland opening at 1.0–1.5 μm posterior to the stylet knobs, non-muscular and valve-less median bulb, pyriform and offset basal bulb, almost oval spermatheca, posterior position of vulva (V = 75–79%) without lateral membrane, short post-vulval uterine sac and conical tail with finely to broadly rounded terminus. Morphological differences of the new species with those of the type species, Thada striata, are discussed. Molecular phylogenetic studies of the new species using partial sequences of small subunit ribosomal DNA revealed that the new species formed a clade with Malenchus spp., Filenchus facultativus, F. fungivorus and Filenchus sp. in Bayesian inference. Morphological and molecular phylogenetic studies were also performed on Tenunemellus indicus, the second recovered species, the latter analysis using partial sequences of large subunit ribosomal DNA. In the inferred Bayesian tree, T. indicus formed a clade with Labrys fuzhouensis, Lelenchus leptosoma from the Netherlands, Malenchus spp. and Filenchus discrepans.

scholarly journals Evolution of developmental sequences in lepidosaurs

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Skawiński ◽  
Bartosz Borczyk
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Signal ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Ancestral State ◽  
Continuous Analysis ◽  
Developmental Sequences ◽  
Cladistic Analyses ◽  
Phylogenetic Hypotheses ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data

Background Lepidosaurs, a group including rhynchocephalians and squamates, are one of the major clades of extant vertebrates. Although there has been extensive phylogenetic work on this clade, its interrelationships are a matter of debate. Morphological and molecular data suggest very different relationships within squamates. Despite this, relatively few studies have assessed the utility of other types of data for inferring squamate phylogeny. Methods We used developmental sequences of 20 events in 29 species of lepidosaurs. These sequences were analysed using event-pairing and continuous analysis. They were transformed into cladistic characters and analysed in TNT. Ancestral state reconstructions were performed on two main phylogenetic hypotheses of squamates (morphological and molecular). Results Cladistic analyses conducted using characters generated by these methods do not resemble any previously published phylogeny. Ancestral state reconstructions are equally consistent with both morphological and molecular hypotheses of squamate phylogeny. Only several inferred heterochronic events are common to all methods and phylogenies. Discussion Results of the cladistic analyses, and the fact that reconstructions of heterochronic events show more similarities between certain methods rather than phylogenetic hypotheses, suggest that phylogenetic signal is at best weak in the studied developmental events. Possibly the developmental sequences analysed here evolve too quickly to recover deep divergences within Squamata.

scholarly journals A new insular species of the Cyrtodactylus pulchellus group (Reptilia, Gekkonidae) from Tarutao Island, southern Thailand revealed by morphological and genetic evidence

ZooKeys ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1070 ◽  
pp. 101-134
Author(s):  
Korkhwan Termprayoon ◽  
Attapol Rujirawan ◽  
Natee Ampai ◽  
Perry L. Wood Jr ◽  
Anchalee Aowphol
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Southern Thailand ◽  
Pairwise Divergence ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
Dark Body

The bent-toed geckos of the Cyrtodactylus pulchellus group are widely distributed along the Thai-Malay Peninsula. Although taxonomic and phylogenetic studies of this species group have been continuously conducted, only some populations from Thailand have been included, resulting in hidden diversity within this group. In this study, we used morphological and molecular data to clarify the taxonomic status and describe a new population from Tarutao Island, Satun Province, southern Thailand. Cyrtodactylus stellatussp. nov. can be distinguished from its congeners by the combination of the following morphological characters: body size; tuberculation; number of dark body bands, ventral scales, and femoroprecloacal pores in males; presence of precloacal pores in females; and scattered pattern on dorsum. Phylogenetic analyses of the mitochondrial ND2 gene recovered the new species as the sister species to C. astrum, with an uncorrected pairwise divergence of 9.78–12.37%. Cyrtodactylus stellatussp. nov. is currently only known from Tarutao Island, Thailand. The discovery of this species suggests that the diversity within the C. pulchellus group remains underestimated and future exploration of unsurveyed areas are needed to further the understanding of this group and its geographic range.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document