Lodgepole pine/Labrador tea type communities of western Canada

Lodgepole pine/Labrador tea (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia/Ledum groenlandicum Oeder) relevés were classified and characterized based on data from archival sources (n = 428). Eleven forest communities were recognized and were distinguished by the relative dominance of Sphagnum, Cladina and Cladonia, Lycopodium, Vaccinium species, or feathermosses. Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP was the common secondary successional species. Most paired-community comparisons were nonoverlapping in ordination space, although intermingling sometimes occurred along interfaces. Lodgepole pine/Labrador tea stands occurred on upland sites within the borealcordilleran ecoclimatic transition zone along the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains from southwestern Alberta to the southern Yukon Territory. Nine communities had mesic to subhygric moisture and submesotrophic to mesotrophic nutrient regimes. The exceptions were a Pinus contorta/Ledum groenlandicum/Sphagnum (wetter sites) and a Pinus contorta/Ledum groenlandicum/Cladina mitis (drier sites) community. An inverse correlation occurred between latitudinal location and elevation of occurrence (r = 0.56, P < 0.001, n = 403) with a northward decline of 65 m/100 km. The concept of a "type community" is proposed for formally documenting the composition of plant communities and optimizing the comparability of different types. Eight of the recognized communities fulfilled the proposed criteria for a type community and two were considered provisional types.Key words: vegetation classification, Pinus contorta, Ledum groenlandicum, type community.

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Distribution of the species of the genus Oxyloma (Mollusca, Succineidae) in southern Canada and the adjacent portions of the United States

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z82-210 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 60 (7) ◽

pp. 1607-1611 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Stuart A. Harris ◽

Leslie Hubricht

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

British Columbia ◽

The United States ◽

Common Species ◽

Yukon Territory ◽

Western Canada ◽

Northern Ontario ◽

Continental Divide ◽

Southern Alberta ◽

The Common

Extensive collecting and dissecting of live material shows that eight species of Oxyloma occur in southern and western Canada. Oxyloma haydeni is the common species across the Prairies from northern Ontario to southern Alberta. Oxyloma kanabensis occurs west of Edmonton, east of the Continental Divide and north of Sundre, while O. nuttalliana occurs west of the Continental Divide in southern British Columbia. Oxyloma groenlandica is found in the Yukon Territory and in the intermontane valleys in interior British Columbia. Oxyloma hawkinsi occurs sparsely, centred in the Okanagan area, but also persists as a probable remnant of the Hypsithermal interval at Exshaw, Alberta. Oxyloma retusa and O. gouldi are confined to the southern portions of Ontario and Quebec.A new species, Oxyloma missoula, occurs in and adjacent to the areas occupied by the former Pluvial Lake Bonneville and Glacial Lake Missoula. All the species could have survived from before the last Wisconsinan ice advance since their distributions straddle the boundary of the glaciated area.

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Taxonomy and chemistry of a new fungus from bark beetle infested Pinus contorta var. latifolia. Part 1. Arthrographis pinicola sp.nov.

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/m90-015 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 77-82 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Lynne Sigler ◽

Yuichi Yamaoka ◽

Yasuyuki Hiratsuka

Keyword(s):

Key Words ◽

Bark Beetle ◽

Pinus Contorta ◽

Lodgepole Pine ◽

Antifungal Compound ◽

Western Canada ◽

Blue Stain Fungi ◽

Blue Stain ◽

Ips Latidens

Arthrographis pinicola sp.nov. (Hyphomycetes) is described; it was isolated from galleries and adult beetles of Ips latidens and from galleries of Dendroctonus ponderosae in Pinus contorta var. latifolia in western Canada. In I. latidens infested lodgepole pine, this species extensively colonizes nuptial chambers and egg galleries, characteristically forming floccose conidiomata composed of repeatedly branched hyphae which divide to form arthroconidia having schizolytic dehiscence. The fungus is antagonistic to some blue stain fungi in vitro. Arthrographis pinicola is compared with other species of Arthrographis, and with Arthropsis microsperma and the discomycete Pezizella chapmanii. Key words: Arthrographis pinicola, Hyphomycetes, bark beetle fungi, antifungal compound, arthrographol.

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COLONIZATION OF LODGEPOLE PINE STUMPS BY ANTS (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE)

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/ent119397-4 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 119 (4) ◽

pp. 397-398 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Jian Wu ◽

H.R. Wong

Keyword(s):

Pinus Contorta ◽

Lodgepole Pine ◽

Insect Species ◽

The Common ◽

Insect Group

Only a few studies have been made on the colonization of coniferous stumps by insects. Studies by Richards (1926), Krogerus (1927), Wallace (1953), and Hayes and Tickell (1984) indicated that beetles were the common insect group in coniferous stumps in Europe.The purpose of this study was to identify the insect species colonizing lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl.) stumps in the Hinton area and assisting in their breakdown.

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Further Investigation upon the Water Movements in the English Channel. Drift-Bottle Experiments in the Summers of 1927, 1928 and 1929, with Critical Notes on Drift-Bottle Experiments in General.

Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom ◽

10.1017/s0025315400051869 ◽

1930 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 241-275 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

J. N. Carruthers

Keyword(s):

Wind Speed ◽

North Sea ◽

English Channel ◽

The North ◽

Different Types ◽

The North Sea ◽

The Common ◽

Relationship Of ◽

Great Simplicity ◽

Simple Surface

In July–August of three different years common surface-floating bottles were set adrift at International Station E2 (49° 27' N.—4° 42' W.). With them, various types of drag-fitted bottles were also put out. The journeys accomplished are discussed, and the striking differences as between year and year in the case of the common surface floaters, and as between the different types in the same year, are commented upon in the light of the prevailing winds. An inter-relationship of great simplicity is deduced between wind speed and the rate of travel of simple surface floating bottles up-Channel and across the North Sea from the results of experiments carried out in four different summers.

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Streptococcus pyogenes vulvovaginitis in children in Nottingham

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268800067509 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 106 (3) ◽

pp. 459-465 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

F. E. Donald ◽

R. C. B. Slack ◽

G. Colman

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽

Public Health Laboratory ◽

Large Numbers ◽

Highly Sensitive ◽

Vaginal Swabs ◽

Different Types ◽

Winter Peak ◽

The Common

SUMMARYIsolates of Streptococcus pyogenes from vaginal swabs of children with vulvovaginitis received at Nottingham Public Health Laboratory during 1986–9 were studied. A total of 159 isolates was made during the 4 years, increasing from 17 in 1986 to 64 in 1989 and accounting for 11% of all vaginal swabs received from children. The numbers of throat swabs yielding S. pyogenes also showed an increase from 974 in 1986 to 1519 in 1989. A winter peak of isolates was noted for both vaginal swabs and throat swabs. A total of 98 strains from vaginal swabs were serotyped: 22 different types were identified, 61% of which were the common types M4, M6, R28 and M12. Erythromycin sensitivity was done on 89 strains; 84% were highly sensitive (MIC < 0·03 mg/1). There are no other reports of such large numbers in the literature; the reason for seeing this increase in Nottingham is unclear.

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Forest structure altered by mountain pine beetle outbreaks affects subsequent attack in a Wyoming lodgepole pine forest, USA

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x11-142 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 41 (12) ◽

pp. 2403-2412 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Daniel M. Kashian ◽

Rebecca M. Jackson ◽

Heather D. Lyons

Keyword(s):

Pinus Contorta ◽

Mountain Pine Beetle ◽

Stand Structure ◽

Lodgepole Pine ◽

Climate Change Scenarios ◽

Cone Production ◽

Mountain Pine ◽

Large Trees ◽

Pine Beetle ◽

The 1960S

Extensive outbreaks of the mountain pine beetle ( Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) will alter the structure of many stands that will likely be attacked again before experiencing a stand-replacing fire. We examined a stand of lodgepole pine ( Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelm. ex S. Watson) in Grand Teton National Park currently experiencing a moderate-level outbreak and previously attacked by mountain pine beetle in the 1960s. Consistent with published studies, tree diameter was the main predictor of beetle attack on a given tree, large trees were preferentially attacked, and tree vigor, age, and cone production were unimportant variables for beetle attack at epidemic levels. Small trees killed in the stand were killed based mainly on their proximity to large trees and were likely spatially aggregated with large trees as a result of the previous outbreak. We concluded that the driving factors of beetle attack and their spatial patterns are consistent across outbreak severities but that stand structure altered by the previous outbreak had implications for the current outbreaks in the same location. This study should catalyze additional research that examines how beetle-altered stand structure affects future outbreaks — an important priority for predicting their impacts under climate change scenarios that project increases in outbreak frequency and extent.

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Incidence of main stem infections of lodgepole pine by western gall rust decreases with tree age

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x05-059 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 35 (6) ◽

pp. 1314-1318 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Peter V Blenis ◽

Wuhan Li

Keyword(s):

Pinus Contorta ◽

Lodgepole Pine ◽

Stem Elongation ◽

Tree Height ◽

Shoot Elongation ◽

Main Stem ◽

Tree Age ◽

Precommercial Thinning ◽

Two Factors ◽

Artificial Inoculations

Infection of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm.) by western gall rust has been shown to decrease with tree height and age, but the effects of those two factors have not been separated. Five replicate artificial inoculations were done on a total of 327 trees of different ages in two height classes. Temperature and percentage of spore germination at the height of inoculation, shoot development (stem elongation at the time of inoculation as a proportion of final shoot elongation), main stem leader length at the time of inoculation, tree height, and tree age were measured. Modeled percentages of infected trees and the number of galls per 10 cm of shoot length decreased by 85% and 88%, respectively, as tree age increased between 2 and 10 years, indicating the undesirability of early, aggressive precommercial thinning of lodgepole pine stands in areas where western gall rust is common. By controlling and (or) statistically accounting for inoculum, microclimate, and phenological factors, it was possible to demonstrate that changes in susceptibility with tree age are sufficient to account for the reduction in infection with tree height.

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Modeling the effects of fire and climate change on carbon and nitrogen storage in lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) stands

Global Change Biology ◽

10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01659.x ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 535-548 ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

E. A. H. SMITHWICK ◽

M. G. RYAN ◽

D. M. KASHIAN ◽

W. H. ROMME ◽

D. B. TINKER ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Pinus Contorta ◽

Lodgepole Pine ◽

Nitrogen Storage ◽

Carbon And Nitrogen

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Pathogenicity of postfire ascomycetes (Pezizales) on seeds and germinants of lodgepole pine

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b86-312 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 64 (10) ◽

pp. 2368-2371 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Keith N. Egger ◽

J. W. Paden

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Botrytis Cinerea ◽

Pinus Contorta ◽

Lodgepole Pine ◽

Seed Infection

Forty isolates of postfire ascomycetes (Pezizales) were tested for in vitro pathogenicity on seeds and germinants of lodgepole pine, Pinus contorta Dougl. Two known pathogens, Caloscypha fulgens (Pers.) Boud. and Botrytis cinerea Pers., were included as a check of the method. Caloscypha fulgens was the only fungus that caused serious declines in seed germination, although several species of postfire Pezizales were capable of preemergence seed infection. Rhizina undulata Fr. and Pyropyxis rubra (Peck) Egger were strongly pathogenic on germinants. Pyropyxis rubra was not previously known to be pathogenic. Many isolates were weakly pathogenic on germinants under the conditions tested.

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