Phylogenetic relationships of Luziola (Poaceae: Oryzeae) and related genera from aquatic habitats

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (12) ◽  
pp. 1753-1770 ◽  
Author(s):  
José L. Martínez-y-Pérez ◽  
Teresa Mejía-Saulés ◽  
Victoria Sosa
Keyword(s):  
Life Style ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
Aquatic Habitats ◽  
Aquatic Life

Luziola is a small aquatic genus consisting of nine American species and belonging to Poaceae (subfamily Ehrhartoideae, tribe Oryzeae). We surveyed 160 morphological characters and performed phylogenetic analyses to determine relationships within the genus and between it and its closest relatives, and to deduce the evolution of a number of characters in relation to the aquatic habit. Our results confirm that Luziola is a monophyletic group and that Zizaniopsis is its sister group among taxa examined but revealed only a few clades within Luziola, the best supported of which consists of Luziola fragilis Swallen, Luziola fluitans (Michx.) Terrell & H. Rob., and Luziola peruviana J.F. Gmel. We used this phylogenetic evidence to reconstruct the evolution of several characters hypothesized to be correlated to an aquatic life style, including reduction or absence of glumes, papillae arranged in horizontal rows on the lemmas, dumb-bell shaped silica bodies, and a change from hermaphrodite to unisexual florets.

Generic boundaries of Leucochrysum and Waitzia (Asteraceae: Gnaphalieae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xénia A. Weber ◽  
Alexander N. Schmidt-Lebuhn
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Diverse Group ◽  
Molecular Approaches ◽  
Infraspecific Taxa

The Australasian clade of Gnaphalieae (Asteraceae) is an ecologically diverse group of species whose generic limits and phylogenetic relationships are still partly unresolved. Previous studies including hybridisation trials, morphological characterisation and preliminary phylogenetic analyses within the Gnaphalieae have suggested that two genera, namely, Waitzia and Leucochrysum, require further investigation into their generic boundaries. To explore the phylogenetic relationships of both genera, the present study used a combination of morphological and molecular approaches. The character traits of herbarium specimens from 14 species and six infraspecific taxa of Waitzia, Leucochrysum and Anemocarpa were examined. Chloroplast (psbA–trnH) and nuclear ribosomal ITS and ETS sequences were generated for phylogenetic analysis. Our findings support Waitzia in its current circumscription as a monophyletic group, whereas Leucochrysum was found to be polyphyletic. Leucochrysum fitzgibbonii was found to be the sister group of Waitzia and shares characters of the involucral bracts, indumentum and growth habit with that genus. The species is formally transferred to the genus Waitzia as W. fitzgibbonii.

Phylogeny of Palaearctic Pharyngodonidae parasite species of Testudinidae: a morphological approach

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (11) ◽  
pp. 1885-1893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salah Bouamer ◽  
Serge Morand
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
Ancestral State ◽  
Morphological Approach ◽  
Species Descriptions

The phylogenetic relationships of 23 oxyurid species from five genera (21 parasite species of the Palaearctic Testudinidae, 1 parasite species of Uromastix acanthinurus Bell, 1825 from Algeria, and 1 parasite species of Cteno sa ura pectinata (Wiegmann, 1834) from Mexico) were investigated using 30 morphological characters obtained from species descriptions. The nonweighted analysis produced one shortest tree. All species of the ingroup form a monophyletic group and the oxyurid species of Testudinidae form a monophyletic group. The type species of the genus Alaeuris Thapar, 1925 is the basal member of the species parasitizing Testudinidae. The analysis confirms the monophyly of the genus Thaparia Ortlepp, 1933, whereas the genera Mehdiella Seurat, 1918 and Tachygonetria Wedl, 1862 are considered paraphyletic groups. The large diversification in the genus Tachygonetria is linked to their position in the host caecum. The ancestral state is in the paramucous and the derived state is in the centre of the caecum. This suggests that recent speciation in the group occurs in the centre of the caecum.

scholarly journals Complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Labriocimbex sinicus, a new genus and new species of Cimbicidae (Hymenoptera) from China

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuchen Yan ◽  
Gengyun Niu ◽  
Yaoyao Zhang ◽  
Qianying Ren ◽  
Shiyu Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
New Genus ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Complete Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Trna Genes ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Link Type

Labriocimbex sinicus Yan & Wei gen. et sp. nov. of Cimbicidae is described. The new genus is similar to Praia Andre and Trichiosoma Leach. A key to extant Holarctic genera of Cimbicinae is provided. To identify the phylogenetic placement of Cimbicidae, the mitochondrial genome of L. sinicus was annotated and characterized using high-throughput sequencing data. The complete mitochondrial genome of L. sinicus was obtained with a length of 15,405 bp (GenBank: MH136623; SRA: SRR8270383) and a typical set of 37 genes (22 tRNAs, 13 PCGs, and two rRNAs). The results demonstrated that all PCGs were initiated by ATN codon, and ended with TAA or T stop codons. The study reveals that all tRNA genes have a typical clover-leaf secondary structure, except for trnS1. Remarkably, the secondary structures of the rrnS and rrnL of L. sinicus were much different from those of Corynis lateralis. Phylogenetic analyses verified the monophyly and positions of the three Cimbicidae species within the superfamily Tenthredinoidea and demonstrated a relationship as (Tenthredinidae + Cimbicidae) + (Argidae + Pergidae) with strong nodal supports. Furthermore, we found that the generic relationships of Cimbicidae revealed by the phylogenetic analyses based on COI genes agree quite closely with the systematic arrangement of the genera based on the morphological characters. Phylogenetic tree based on two methods shows that L. sinicus is the sister group of Praia with high support values. We suggest that Labriocimbex belongs to the tribe Trichiosomini of Cimbicinae based on adult morphology and molecular data. Besides, we suggest to promote the subgenus Asitrichiosoma to be a valid genus.

Phylogenetic relationships of the African genera Alestes and Brycinus (Teleostei, Characiformes, Alestidae)

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (11) ◽  
pp. 1887-1899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison M Murray ◽  
Kathlyn M Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Subject

The family Alestidae (also referred to as the African Characidae) comprises the African dwarf forms ("Petersiini") and the genera Alestes, Brycinus, Bryconaethiops, and Hydrocynus. Although several authors have presented characters to support the monophyly of the family, a cladistic analysis of the group has not been published. Furthermore, the interrelationships of the constituent groups are the subject of some controversy. A cladistic analysis of the Alestidae is presented, including characters to support the monophyly of the family. The results of this study indicate that several species should be removed from the genus Brycinus, that Hydrocynus is the sister group of Alestes s.str. (containing only five species), and that the dwarf alestids ("Petersiini") do not form a monophyletic group.

scholarly journals Preliminary Analysis of Phylogenetic Relationships Among Palaearctic Simuliinae (Diptera, Simuliidae) Inferred From Morphological Characters

2012 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 31-48
Author(s):  
K. B. Sukhomlin
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Consensus Trees ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Group Relationships

Abstract Phylogenetic relationships among the Palaearctic genera of the subfamily Simuliinae are analyzed based on the matrix of 100 morphological characters and 37 taxa, including 6 outgroups. Parsimonic analysis was resulted in 3 consensus trees (weighting based on CI, RI and RC indices) of slightly different topology, which show monophyly of the subfamily Simuliinae, tribes Stegopternini, Nevermanniini, Wilhelmiini and Simuliini, and a possible sister-group relationships between the latter two tribes. Tribe Ectemniini is apparently a paraphyletic formation. The analysis also supports transferring of the Stegopternini and Nevermanniini from Prosimuliinae to Simuliinae.

Monophyly of Verbascum (Scrophularieae : Scrophulariaceae): evidence from nuclear and plastid phylogenetic analyses

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (8) ◽  
pp. 638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farrokh Ghahremaninejad ◽  
Mehrshid Riahi ◽  
Melina Babaei ◽  
Faride Attar ◽  
Lütfi Behçet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Nrdna Its ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
High Species Diversity ◽  
Phylogenetic Estimation

Verbascum is one of the main genera of Scrophulariaceae, but delimitation and phylogenetic relationships of this genus are unclear and have not yet been studied using DNA sequences. Here, using four selected molecular markers (nrDNA ITS and the plastid spacers trnS/G, psbA-trnH and trnY/T), we present a phylogeny of Verbascum and test previous infrageneric taxonomic hypotheses as well as its monophyly with respect to Scrophularia. We additionally discuss morphological variation and the utility of morphological characters as predictors of phylogenetic relationships. Our results show that while molecular data unambiguously support the circumscription of Verbascum inferred from morphology, they prove to be of limited utility in resolving infrageneric relationships, suggesting that Verbascum ‘s high species diversity is due to rapid and recent radiation. Our work provides phylogenetic estimation of the genus Verbascum using molecular data and can serve as a starting point for future investigations of Verbascum and relatives.

scholarly journals Phylogeny of Libellula Linnaeus (Odonata: Insecta)

Zootaxa ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANK LOUIS CARLE ◽  
KARL M. KJER
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
Representative Species

Phylogenetic analysis was performed on a set of 242 morphological characters. The taxon sample included 31 Libellula, and representative species from selected libeluline tribes, from all libellulid subfamilies, from all libelluloid families, from all anisopteran superfamilies, and Epiophlebia. Corduliinae was shown to be paraphyletic even among genera characterized by a well developed anal loop bisector. Sympetrini was found to be polyphyletic with Crocothemis the sister group to Libellulini. The traditional placement of Trameini, far from Libellulini is in doubt, because it is here placed as the sister group to Crocothemis + Libellulini. Kennedy’s phylogeny of Libellula was largely corroborated, with the following exceptions: the subgenera Libellula, Eolibellula, and Syntetrum form a monophyletic group which is the sister group to a clade including Belonia, Holotania, Neotetrum, and Eotainia subgenus nov. [type species Mesothemis composita Hagen]; and Eurothemis is determined to be the sister group of Ladona instead of Neotetrum. In addition we confirm Belonia to be monophyletic, and find Platetrum + Plathemis to form a monophyletic group, sister to Ladona + Eurothemis; these four subgenera together form the sister group to Libellula sensu stricto (s.s.).

scholarly journals Cretaceous origin and repeated tertiary diversification of the redefined butterflies

2011 ◽  
Vol 279 (1731) ◽  
pp. 1093-1099 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Heikkilä ◽  
Lauri Kaila ◽  
Marko Mutanen ◽  
Carlos Peña ◽  
Niklas Wahlberg
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Bayesian Approaches ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data

Although the taxonomy of the ca 18 000 species of butterflies and skippers is well known, the family-level relationships are still debated. Here, we present, to our knowledge, the most comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the superfamilies Papilionoidea, Hesperioidea and Hedyloidea to date based on morphological and molecular data. We reconstructed their phylogenetic relationships using parsimony and Bayesian approaches. We estimated times and rates of diversification along lineages in order to reconstruct their evolutionary history. Our results suggest that the butterflies, as traditionally understood, are paraphyletic, with Papilionidae being the sister-group to Hesperioidea, Hedyloidea and all other butterflies. Hence, the families in the current three superfamilies should be placed in a single superfamily Papilionoidea. In addition, we find that Hedylidae is sister to Hesperiidae, and this novel relationship is supported by two morphological characters. The families diverged in the Early Cretaceous but diversified after the Cretaceous–Palaeogene event. The diversification of butterflies is characterized by a slow speciation rate in the lineage leading to Baronia brevicornis , a period of stasis by the skippers after divergence and a burst of diversification in the lineages leading to Nymphalidae, Riodinidae and Lycaenidae.

Phylogeny, biogeography and description of Ameripassalus, a new Mesoamerican genus of Passalidae (Coleoptera)

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry Jimऻnez-Ferbans ◽  
Pedro Reyes-Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Sister Group ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
Parsimonious Tree

Ameripassalus, gen. nov., is described as the first genus of Passalini with a distribution restricted to Mesoamerica. The species include A. guatemalensis (Kaup, 1869), comb. nov. from Passalus Fabricius, A. difficilis, sp. nov. and A. tamaulipensis, sp. nov. from Mexico, and A. jacki, sp. nov. and A. nigritus, sp. nov. from Guatemala. A matrix of 46 morphological characters, including the species from Ameripassalus, gen. nov. and 13 species of the genera Paxillus MacLeay, Ptichopus Kaup, Heliscus Zang, Veturius Kaup, Spasalus Kaup, Passipassalus Fonseca & Reyes-Castillo, Passalus Fabricius and Leptaulax Kaup were analysed. Only a single most parsimonious tree was found; in this Ameripassalus is retrieved as a monophyletic group. Ameripassalus difficilis, sp. nov. is shown as the sister group of the rest of the species in the genus. The species with the southernmost distribution (A. guatemalensis (A. nigritus, sp. nov. + A. jacki, sp. nov.)) form a nested clade within the species with the northernmost distribution. Keys to identify adults of the genera of Passalini and to the species of Ameripassalus are provided.

Phylogenetic relationships of Ibervillea and Tumamoca (Coniandreae, Cucurbitaceae), two genera of the dry lands of North America

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 201 (3) ◽  
pp. 197
Author(s):  
Rafael Lira ◽  
Victoria Sosa ◽  
Talitha Legaspi ◽  
Patricia Dávila
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
Total Evidence ◽  
Southern United States ◽  
Priority Rule ◽  
Single Specimen ◽  
Bayesian Analyses ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Taxonomic Studies

We examine the limits and phylogenetic relationships of Ibervillea and Tumamoca belonging to tribe Coniandreae in the Cucurbitaceae. These taxa are found in xeric areas from southern United States to Guatemala. There has been no previous phylogenetic studies considering all their taxa together, just partially. Furthermore, we include as well species of Dieterlea, another similar and sympatric genus which recognition is under debate, formerly considered as a synonym of Ibervillea. Using molecular and morphological characters we performed molecular and total evidence parsimony and Bayesian analyses. Our results confirm that species in Ibervillea and Dieterlea are part of a monophyletic group, supporting the integration of both genera as proposed in previous phylogenetic and taxonomic studies. By examining all the species of the three genera, our results are the first to suggest that Tumamoca is also part of this monophyletic group. Therefore we propose that the species of Ibervillea, Dieterlea, and one species of Tumamoca should be included into the same genus. According to the priority rule, Ibervillea is the name to be used. Tumamoca macdougalli needs to be transferred to Ibervillea and the combination is made here. We suggest that the second species in Tumamoca, T. mucronata, known by a single specimen that is lost, does not deserve recognition.

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