TOXIN PRODUCTION BY HELMINTHOSPORIUM SATIVUM P.K. & B. AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE IN DISEASE DEVELOPMENT

The production of toxic substances by Helminthosporium sativum P.K. & B. on a variety of artificial media was evaluated by means of a barley seed germination test. The results suggest that these substances also limit the growth of the organism itself giving a fixed maximum level of toxin production. Destruction of toxin and renewed production continue until some other factor of the medium limits further growth, and culture filtrates then rapidly become inactive. The toxins are relatively nonspecific and appear to affect susceptible hosts by conditioning them to invasion by the organism. A loose correlation was found to exist between toxin production and pathogenicity in a limited number of Helminthosporium strains. Even in the presence of abundant toxin, however, these strains differed in their ability to invade barley seedlings indicating that factors other than toxin production were also involved in pathogenicity.

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Phytotoxicity assessment of conventional and biodegradable plastic bags using seed germination test

Ecological Indicators ◽

10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.03.005 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 102 ◽

pp. 569-580 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Elena Balestri ◽

Virginia Menicagli ◽

Viviana Ligorini ◽

Sara Fulignati ◽

Anna Maria Raspolli Galletti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Biodegradable Plastic ◽

Germination Test ◽

Plastic Bags ◽

Seed Germination Test

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Seed germination test for heavy metal phytotoxicity assessment

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps-2014-018 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 94 (8) ◽

pp. 1519-1521 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Jichul Bae ◽

Gaston Mercier ◽

Alan K. Watson ◽

Diane L. Benoit

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Seed Germination ◽

Metal Toxicity ◽

Petri Dish ◽

Germination Test ◽

Test Species ◽

Centrifuge Tube ◽

Metal Treatment ◽

Agar Media ◽

Seed Germination Test

Bae, J., Mercier, G., Watson, A. K. and Benoit, D. L. 2014. Seed germination test for heavy metal phytotoxicity assessment. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 1519–1521. We introduced a germination assay for metal toxicity using micro-centrifuge tube and agar media as germination substrate. The additives associated with metal treatment preparation had no effect on germination of four test species. This method can circumvent some of the limitations derived from the traditional petri-dish germination assays.

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CONTROL OF Bipolaris oryzae (Breda de Haan) USING Curcuma longa (Linnaeus) EXTRACT AND EFFECT OF THIS EXTRACT ON RICE SEED PHYSIOLOGY

Revista Caatinga ◽

10.1590/1983-21252018v31n112rc ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 99-105

Author(s):

KEILOR DA ROSA DORNELES ◽

PAULO CESAR PAZDIORA ◽

FÁBIO JÚNIOR ARAÚJO SILVA ◽

RENATA MOCCELLIN ◽

CÂNDIDA RENATA JACOBSEN FARIAS

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Mycelial Growth ◽

Curcuma Longa ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Rice Seed ◽

Germination Test ◽

Bipolaris Oryzae ◽

Seed Physiology ◽

Seed Germination Test

ABSTRACT This study was conducted to evaluate the use of Curcuma longa (Linnaeus) extract in the in vitro control of Bipolaris oryzae (Breda de Haan) and to characterize the effect of this extract on rice seed germination. A completely randomized arranged in a factorial experimental design was used: three isolates of B. oryzae from rice seed from different rice-growing regions of Rio Grande do Sul (Fronteira Oeste, Campanha, and Sul) were tested with three concentrations (20, 40, and 80 mg/mL) of C. longa plus a control treatment (0 mg/mL). Each reaction was repeated in quadruplicate. The effect of the extract upon the disease development was evaluated based on mycelial growth (PMG) and spore production; rice seed germination was evaluated using a germination test (Germitest®). The PMG results demonstrate that the treatments were effective in reducing PMG, with a stronger response observed as the concentration of the extract increased. An average inhibition of 84% of sporulation was observed for the tested strains compared with the control treatment. There were, however, no significant differences in terms of seed germination test with the different C. longa concentrations. Therefore, treatment of rice seeds with C. longa extract does not affect seed germination but positively inhibits mycelial growth and sporulation, affecting the in vitro sporulation of the different isolates of B. oryzae.

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Composting of food waste in passive aerated bioreactor with turning mode

IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering ◽

10.1088/1757-899x/1195/1/012001 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1195 (1) ◽

pp. 012001

Author(s):

A Y Zahrim ◽

M Darwis ◽

D Samantha ◽

A Z Siti Hasanah ◽

S A Nur Aqeela ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Organic Carbon ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Total Organic Carbon ◽

Food Waste ◽

Physicochemical Characteristics ◽

Germination Test ◽

Index Value ◽

Seed Germination Test

Abstract Almost 45% of municipal solid waste in Malaysia consist of food waste. Composting is one of the sustainable ways to manage food waste compared to incineration and landfilling. This paper investigates the physicochemical and phytotoxicity characteristics during food waste composting in passive aerated bioreactor assisted with compost turning. The initial compost mixture consists of 124 kg of food waste mixed with 62 kg of dry leaves. The composting process was conducted for 40 days, and physicochemical characteristics i.e., temperature, moisture content, total organic carbon, pH and conductivity were monitored. Seed germination test was conducted with cabbage seeds (Brassica oleracea). The highest temperature and final moisture content obtained were 42 °C and 78%, respectively. The seed germination index value was 127%, indicating that the compost is suitable for plant growth.

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Seed germination test for toxicity evaluation of compost: Its roles, problems and prospects

Waste Management ◽

10.1016/j.wasman.2017.09.023 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 71 ◽

pp. 109-114 ◽

Cited By ~ 76

Author(s):

Yuan Luo ◽

Jie Liang ◽

Guangming Zeng ◽

Ming Chen ◽

Dan Mo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Toxicity Evaluation ◽

Germination Test ◽

Seed Germination Test

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Dynamics of the rangpur lime seed germination test conducted under different temperatures

Journal of Seed Science ◽

10.1590/2317-1545v41n3219001 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 41 (3) ◽

pp. 344-351

Author(s):

Marizangela Rizzatti Ávila ◽

Juliana Barbosa ◽

Nelson da Silva Fonseca Júnior ◽

Getúlio Takashi Nagashima ◽

Carolina Maria Gaspar de Oliveira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Experimental Design ◽

Seed Germination ◽

Standard Procedure ◽

Time Interval ◽

Germination Test ◽

Rangpur Lime ◽

Germination Process ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

Time Required ◽

Seed Germination Test

Abstract: Adoption of a standard procedure to perform the germination test allows comparison of results between laboratories. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the germination process of rangpur lime (Citrus limonia Osbeck) seeds conducted under different temperatures. The germination test was carried out in five seed lots under three temperatures (25, 30 and 35 °C). The dynamics of the germination process was studied through the following variables: germination (%), time to first germination (days), time to last germination (days), time interval between first and last germination (days), time required to reach 50% of germination (days), mean speed of germination (day-1), synchrony of the germination process (dimensionless), and uncertainty of the germination process (bits). The experimental design was completely randomized, and analysis of variance was performed in a 5 (lots) x 3 (temperatures) factorial arrangement, with four replicates of each treatment. Means were compared using Tukey’s test (p < 0.05). The germination process in rangpur lime seeds is slow, homogenous, and asynchronous; and the temperature of 30 °C is the most favorable for conducting the germination test, with the first count at 21 days and the last at 30 days.

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