CONTROL OF Bipolaris oryzae (Breda de Haan) USING Curcuma longa (Linnaeus) EXTRACT AND EFFECT OF THIS EXTRACT ON RICE SEED PHYSIOLOGY

ABSTRACT This study was conducted to evaluate the use of Curcuma longa (Linnaeus) extract in the in vitro control of Bipolaris oryzae (Breda de Haan) and to characterize the effect of this extract on rice seed germination. A completely randomized arranged in a factorial experimental design was used: three isolates of B. oryzae from rice seed from different rice-growing regions of Rio Grande do Sul (Fronteira Oeste, Campanha, and Sul) were tested with three concentrations (20, 40, and 80 mg/mL) of C. longa plus a control treatment (0 mg/mL). Each reaction was repeated in quadruplicate. The effect of the extract upon the disease development was evaluated based on mycelial growth (PMG) and spore production; rice seed germination was evaluated using a germination test (Germitest®). The PMG results demonstrate that the treatments were effective in reducing PMG, with a stronger response observed as the concentration of the extract increased. An average inhibition of 84% of sporulation was observed for the tested strains compared with the control treatment. There were, however, no significant differences in terms of seed germination test with the different C. longa concentrations. Therefore, treatment of rice seeds with C. longa extract does not affect seed germination but positively inhibits mycelial growth and sporulation, affecting the in vitro sporulation of the different isolates of B. oryzae.

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Effects of essential oils from thyme, cinnamon and clove on mycelial growth of Colletotrichum acutatum

Pesticidi i fitomedicina ◽

10.2298/pif1002151d ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 151-156 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Natasa Duduk ◽

Aleksa Obradovic ◽

Mirko Ivanovic

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

Mycelial Growth ◽

Petri Dish ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Cinnamon Oil ◽

Volatile Phase ◽

Vitro Effect

Effects of the volatile phase of thyme, cinnamon and clove essential oils on Colletotrichum acutatum were investigated. Mycelial disc was placed in the center of the Petri dish (V=66 ml) containing PDA. Different volumes of either non- or ethanol-diluted essential oils were placed on the inner side of the dish cover to obtain final concentrations of 153, 107, 76, 46, 15, 14, 12, 11, 7.6, 3.82, 1.53, 0.153 and 0.0153 ?l/L of air. The dishes were sealed with Parafilm and incubated in up-side-down position. After 7 days of incubation, mycelial growth was recorded by measuring the colony diameter. If no mycelial growth was recorded, the disc was transferred to a new PDA plate in order to evaluate whether the activity was either fungistatic or fungicidal. Mean growth values were obtained and then converted to inhibition percentage of mycelial growth compared with the control treatment. All the tested essential oils inhibited mycelial growth of C. acutatum in the dose dependent manner. Mycelial growth was totally inhibited by thyme oil in the concentration of 76 ?l/L of air. The same results were obtained by cinnamon and clove oil in the concentration of 107 ?l/L of air. Thyme and cinnamon oil had fungicidal effect in concentrations of 107 and 153 ?l/L respectively. The results obtained provide evidence on the antifungal in vitro effect of the tested essential oils as potential means for the control of C. acutatum.

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In vitro mycelial sensitivity of Macrophomina phaseolina to fungicides

Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical ◽

10.1590/s1983-40632013000400014 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 43 (4) ◽

pp. 460-466 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Rosane Fátima Baldiga Tonin ◽

Aveline Avozani ◽

Anderson Luiz Durante Danelli ◽

Erlei Melo Reis ◽

Sandra Maria Zoldan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mycelial Growth ◽

Petri Dish ◽

Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Active Ingredients ◽

Ic50 Values ◽

Growth Evaluation ◽

Fungus Growth ◽

Ic50 Concentration

Black root rot, caused by Macrophomina phaseolina (Tass.) Goid., is the most common root disease in soybean fields. This study aimed to determine the in vitro mycelial sensitivity, measured by the IC50 (concentration to inhibit 50% of the fungus mycelial growth) of a M. phaseolina isolate obtained from soybean, to different fungicides (thiram, iprodione, carbendazim, pyraclostrobin, fluquinconazol, tolyfluanid, metalaxyl and penflufen + trifloxystrobin), at six concentrations (0.01 mg L-1, 0.10 mg L-1, 1.00 mg L-1, 10.00 mg L-1, 20.00 mg L-1 and 40.00 mg L-1 of the active ingredient). The 0.00 mg L-1 concentration represented the control, without fungicide addition. The mycelial growth evaluation was performed with the aid of a digital pachymeter, by measuring the colonies diameter, when the fungus growth in the control treatment reached the Petri dish edge. The experimental design was completely randomized, with four replications. Concerning the fungitoxicity of active ingredients, a variation from non-toxic to highly fungitoxic was observed to the M. phaseolina isolate, with IC50 values ranging from 0.23 mg L-1 to > 40.00 mg L-1, being carbendazim the most efficient one (IC50 = 0.23 mg L-1). The fungus showed insensitivity to the active ingredients of fluquinconazole, metalaxyl, thiram and tolyfluanid.

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Phytotoxicity assessment of conventional and biodegradable plastic bags using seed germination test

Ecological Indicators ◽

10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.03.005 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 102 ◽

pp. 569-580 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Elena Balestri ◽

Virginia Menicagli ◽

Viviana Ligorini ◽

Sara Fulignati ◽

Anna Maria Raspolli Galletti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Biodegradable Plastic ◽

Germination Test ◽

Plastic Bags ◽

Seed Germination Test

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Seed germination test for heavy metal phytotoxicity assessment

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps-2014-018 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 94 (8) ◽

pp. 1519-1521 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Jichul Bae ◽

Gaston Mercier ◽

Alan K. Watson ◽

Diane L. Benoit

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Seed Germination ◽

Metal Toxicity ◽

Petri Dish ◽

Germination Test ◽

Test Species ◽

Centrifuge Tube ◽

Metal Treatment ◽

Agar Media ◽

Seed Germination Test

Bae, J., Mercier, G., Watson, A. K. and Benoit, D. L. 2014. Seed germination test for heavy metal phytotoxicity assessment. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 1519–1521. We introduced a germination assay for metal toxicity using micro-centrifuge tube and agar media as germination substrate. The additives associated with metal treatment preparation had no effect on germination of four test species. This method can circumvent some of the limitations derived from the traditional petri-dish germination assays.

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Suppression of Fusarium moniliforme in Rice by Rice-Associated Antagonistic Bacteria

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.1997.81.1.49 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 81 (1) ◽

pp. 49-52 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

A. M. Rosales ◽

T. W. Mew

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Fusarium Moniliforme ◽

Mycelial Growth ◽

Field Trials ◽

The Philippines ◽

The Other ◽

Antagonistic Bacteria ◽

Seedling Vigor ◽

Bacterial Strains

The potential of antagonistic bacteria from paddy water, rhizosphere soils, sclerotia, and rice plants to control “bakanae” caused by Fusarium moniliforme was assessed. Experiments were conducted to determine the in vitro antibiosis and effect of bacteria on seed germination. Out of 441 isolates, 113 were inhibitory to mycelial growth of the pathogen. Bacterial strains were classified into three groups based on effect on seed germination: (i) those that promoted germination and enhanced seedling vigor; (ii) those that had no effect on germination; and (iii) those that were deleterious and inhibited germination. Bacterization of naturally infected seeds reduced bakanae incidence in seedbox and seedbed tests. In a seedbed experiment with IR 58 seeds soaked in suspensions of bacterial strains, bakanae incidence and disease control ranged from 0.9 to 6.8% and 71.7 to 96.3%, respectively. From the 3 years of field trials, 10 strains reduced bakanae. Five strains consistently reduced bakanae, but the other five exhibited variable effects among trials. Specificity of suppression by antagonistic bacteria against different pathogenic isolates of F. moniliforme from various locations in the Philippines was observed.

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Composting of food waste in passive aerated bioreactor with turning mode

IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering ◽

10.1088/1757-899x/1195/1/012001 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1195 (1) ◽

pp. 012001

Author(s):

A Y Zahrim ◽

M Darwis ◽

D Samantha ◽

A Z Siti Hasanah ◽

S A Nur Aqeela ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Organic Carbon ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Total Organic Carbon ◽

Food Waste ◽

Physicochemical Characteristics ◽

Germination Test ◽

Index Value ◽

Seed Germination Test

Abstract Almost 45% of municipal solid waste in Malaysia consist of food waste. Composting is one of the sustainable ways to manage food waste compared to incineration and landfilling. This paper investigates the physicochemical and phytotoxicity characteristics during food waste composting in passive aerated bioreactor assisted with compost turning. The initial compost mixture consists of 124 kg of food waste mixed with 62 kg of dry leaves. The composting process was conducted for 40 days, and physicochemical characteristics i.e., temperature, moisture content, total organic carbon, pH and conductivity were monitored. Seed germination test was conducted with cabbage seeds (Brassica oleracea). The highest temperature and final moisture content obtained were 42 °C and 78%, respectively. The seed germination index value was 127%, indicating that the compost is suitable for plant growth.

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Fungicide Seed Treatment Effects on Seedling Damping-off of Pumpkin Caused by Phytophthora capsici

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.2003.87.1.63 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 87 (1) ◽

pp. 63-68 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

M. Babadoost ◽

S. Z. Islam

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Untreated Control ◽

Mycelial Growth ◽

Seed Treatment ◽

Culture Medium ◽

Phytophthora Capsici ◽

Field Trials ◽

Seedling Vigor ◽

Damping Off

Apron XL LS (mefenoxam) and Allegiance FL (metalaxyl) were highly inhibitory to growth of mycelium of Phytophthora capsici in vitro. Effective dose (ED50) of mefenoxam and metalaxyl for 50% inhibition of mycelial growth, for all five isolates of P. capsici tested, was 0.98 and 0.99 μg a.i./ml of culture medium, respectively. For mefenoxam at 200 μg a.i./ml, sporangium and zoospore germination were reduced by 92 and 96%, respectively, and 21 and 24%, respectively, for metalaxyl. In greenhouse studies, seed treatment with mefenoxam (0.42 ml of Apron XL LS/kg of seed) and metalaxyl (0.98 ml of Allegiance FL/kg of seed) significantly reduced pre- and post-emergence damping-off of seedlings caused by P. capsici in three pumpkin cultivars (Dickinson, Hybrid-401, and Hybrid-698) tested. Thirty-one days after seeding, at inoculum levels of 0, 90, 600, 1,400, and 4,000 CFU/g of soil, the average seedling stands for mefenoxam treatment were 98.4, 93.8, 88.3, 77.8, and 64.8%; for metalaxyl, 99.1, 85.3, 85.8, 73.5, and 59.3; and for the untreated control, 97.5, 55.2, 45.7, 37.0, and 22.9%, respectively. In field trials, the average seedling stands 35 days after seeding were 76.7, 74.7, and 44.9% for mefenoxam, metalaxyl, and untreated control, respectively. Seed treatment with mefenoxam or metalaxyl did not have any significant effect on either seed germination or seedling vigor.

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Seed germination test for toxicity evaluation of compost: Its roles, problems and prospects

Waste Management ◽

10.1016/j.wasman.2017.09.023 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 71 ◽

pp. 109-114 ◽

Cited By ~ 76

Author(s):

Yuan Luo ◽

Jie Liang ◽

Guangming Zeng ◽

Ming Chen ◽

Dan Mo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Toxicity Evaluation ◽

Germination Test ◽

Seed Germination Test

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Dynamics of the rangpur lime seed germination test conducted under different temperatures

Journal of Seed Science ◽

10.1590/2317-1545v41n3219001 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 41 (3) ◽

pp. 344-351

Author(s):

Marizangela Rizzatti Ávila ◽

Juliana Barbosa ◽

Nelson da Silva Fonseca Júnior ◽

Getúlio Takashi Nagashima ◽

Carolina Maria Gaspar de Oliveira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Experimental Design ◽

Seed Germination ◽

Standard Procedure ◽

Time Interval ◽

Germination Test ◽

Rangpur Lime ◽

Germination Process ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

Time Required ◽

Seed Germination Test

Abstract: Adoption of a standard procedure to perform the germination test allows comparison of results between laboratories. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the germination process of rangpur lime (Citrus limonia Osbeck) seeds conducted under different temperatures. The germination test was carried out in five seed lots under three temperatures (25, 30 and 35 °C). The dynamics of the germination process was studied through the following variables: germination (%), time to first germination (days), time to last germination (days), time interval between first and last germination (days), time required to reach 50% of germination (days), mean speed of germination (day-1), synchrony of the germination process (dimensionless), and uncertainty of the germination process (bits). The experimental design was completely randomized, and analysis of variance was performed in a 5 (lots) x 3 (temperatures) factorial arrangement, with four replicates of each treatment. Means were compared using Tukey’s test (p < 0.05). The germination process in rangpur lime seeds is slow, homogenous, and asynchronous; and the temperature of 30 °C is the most favorable for conducting the germination test, with the first count at 21 days and the last at 30 days.

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Antifungal Activity of Securidaca longepedunculata and Acacia gourmaensis Hydro-ethanolic Extracts against Three Rice Seed-borne Fungi

International Journal of Plant & Soil Science ◽

10.9734/ijpss/2020/v32i230242 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 21-28

Author(s):

Léon W. Nitiema ◽

Fabrice W. Nikiema ◽

Drissa Sérémé ◽

Pierre A. E. D. Sombié

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Fusarium Solani ◽

Fusarium Moniliforme ◽

Mycelial Growth ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Curvularia Lunata ◽

Rice Seed ◽

Securidaca Longepedunculata

Aims: This study was undertaken to investigate the antifungal activities of Securidaca longepedunculata and Acacia gourmaensis bark hydro-ethanolic extract against Fusarium solani, Fusarium moniliforme and Curvularia lunata and to evaluate the percentages of germination and infection of infected rice seeds. Methods: Different extract concentrations ranging from 0.25, 0.5 and 1% were tested during 15 days using poisoned food technique method for in vitro antifungal activity against above three fungal strains. The same concentrations of extract were used to evaluate in vivo antifungal activity on rice seeds infected by these three fungal strains. Results: The extract of Securidaca longepedunculata had antifungal effect on Fusarium solani and Fusarium moniliforme and completely inhibited its mycelial growth at all tested concentrations (0.25, 0.5 and 1%). Curvularia lunata mycelial growth was inhibited of 84.7% by 1% Securidaca longepedunculata extract after five days of culture. However, mycelial growth of F. solani, F. moniliforme and C. lunata were increased with increasing concentration of Acacia gourmaensis extract. It has been observed that when Securidaca longepedunculata hydro-ethanolic extract concentration increased up to 1%, seeds germination percentage decreased for all infection. In contrast, the opposite was observed for Acacia gourmaensis extract. Likewise, seeds infection decreased with the highest concentration (1%) of Securidaca longepedunculata for all infection, whereas the opposite was observed with Acacia gourmaensis extract. Conclusion: This study showed that S. longepedunculata hydro-ethanolic extract has more antifungal activity against seed-borne fungi (F. solani, F. moniliforme and C. lunata) than A. gourmaensis in vitro and in vivo. Results show that Securidaca longepedunculata hydro-ethanolic bark extract can be used as a potential antifungal agent in the management of some rice fungal diseases. Acacia gourmaensis extract, at low concentration, could be used in rice seed treatment to increase seed germination.

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