Microsurgical isolation of intact plant cell wall appositions for microanalyses

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (12) ◽  
pp. 1349-1353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hitoshi Kunoh ◽  
James R. Aist ◽  
Herbert W. Israel
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Wall Appositions ◽  
Wall Apposition ◽  
Mother Cells

Little is known about the chemical components of the plant cell wall apposition as they relate to its structure and function. The small sizes (5–15 μm diameter) of the appositions, their low frequencies in the cells, and their intimate connections to the cell wall have almost precluded meaningful cytochemical and (or) biochemical analyses. With the development of analytical techniques using the electron microprobe it is now feasible to discover the elemental composition of minute cellular structures, such as the wall apposition, but problems in specimen preparation remain. As a necessary and critical first step in microprobe analysis we have found it best to microsurgically remove fresh wall appositions from their mother cells and then admit them directly into the scanning electron microscope (SEM) after air drying and gold coating. This paper describes the requisite technologies of specimen preparation, microtool fabrication, specimen selection and isolation which are involved. The technique described could find ready application in the microanalyses of many other subcellular structures.

Digestibility by pigs of the major chemical components of diets high in plant cell-wall constituents

1973 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Farrell
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Protein Excretion ◽  
Major Chemical

SUMMARYDigestibility of the major chemical components in diets high in plant cell-wall constituents was determined with four pigs. Two were given a commercial pig meal and two were given, in addition, alkali-treated straw (25% of the diet). Dry-matter digestibility of the straw was 32%, and protein excretion in faeces was increased by the addition of straw to the basal diet. Calculations based on microbial protein synthesis per gram of organic matter fermented showed that the additional nitrogen in the faeces may have been almost entirely microbial in origin.In a second experiment, ground lucerne was progressively introduced into the diet in substitution for commercial pig meal. There was no obvious associative effect on the digestibility of the chemical components examined. Apparent digestibility of dry matter of the all-lucerne diet was 53%.

scholarly journals Targeted Cell Wall Degradation at the Penetration Site of Cowpea Rust Basidiosporelings

1997 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haixin Xu ◽  
Kurt Mendgen
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Wall Material ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Polygalacturonic Acid ◽  
Similar Reduction ◽  
Nonhost Plant ◽  
Wall Apposition

Basidiospore germlings of the cowpea rust fungus (Uromyces vignae) penetrate the epidermal cell wall of the nonhost plant Vicia faba. In order to characterize the wall structure of the penetration site, leaves were high pressure frozen, freeze substituted, and embedded in appropriate resins. With antibodies against epitopes present in pectin, polygalacturonic acid, xyloglucan, and callose, we studied the modification of these wall components during infection. The density of epitopes was determined at the penetration site and compared with noninfected areas of the epidermal wall. Along the fungal penetration hypha, a zone of the plant wall, 0.2 μm wide, exhibited a reduced density of pectin and xyloglucan epitopes. A similar reduction of epitope density was also found for xyloglucan after treatment of sections from noninoculated plants with cellulase and xylanase and for pectin after treatment with pectinase. The density of polygalacturonic acid epitopes remained unchanged in the outer layer of the epidermal wall, but increased over the inner layer. A high density of polygalacturonic acid epitopes was found over a collarlike wall apposition produced by the plant cell along the penetration hypha. These results indicate that the fungus degrades the plant cell wall at the penetration site and that the plant cell secretes new wall material into this area to form the wall apposition.

A participation of weak-bound with plant cell wall peroxidases in ring rot tolerance of wild Mexican species and cultural varieties of potato

2014 ◽  
pp. 103-108
Author(s):  
M.A. Zhivetiev ◽  
◽  
A.V. Papkina ◽  
I.A. Graskova ◽  
V.K. Voinikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Ring Rot ◽  
Mexican Species

Ultrasound Assisted Solid-Liquid Extraction Devices - Harnessing Active Ingredients from Plant materials – Overview and Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venkatasubramanian Sivakumar
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted ◽  
Solid Liquid Extraction ◽  
Solid Liquid

Background: In the growing environmental concern use of natural products, efficient processes and devices are necessary. Solid-Liquid extraction of active Ingredients from Plant materials is one of the important unit operations in Chemical Engineering and need to be enhanced. Objectives: Since, these active ingredients are firmly bound to the plant cell wall membrane, which pose mass-transfer resistance and need to get detached through the use of suitable process intensification tools such as ultrasound and suitable devices. Therefore, detailed analysis and review is essential on development made in this area through Publications and Patents. Hence, the present paper illustrates the development of ultrasound assisted device for solid-liquid extraction are presented in this paper. Methods: Advantages such as % Yield, Reduction in extraction time, use of ambient conditions, better process control, avoidance or minimizing multi stage extraction could be achieved due to the use of ultrasound in extraction as compared to conventional processes. Conclusions: Use of ultrasound to provide significant improvements in the extraction of Vegetable tannins, Natural dyes for application in Leather processing has been demonstrated and reported earlier. These enhancement could be possible through various effects of ultrasound such as better flow of solvents through micro-jet formation, mass transfer enhancement due to rupture of plant cell wall membranes through acoustic cavitation, better leaching due to micro-mixing and acoustic streaming effects. This approach would minimize material wastage; thereby, leading to eco-conservation of plant materials, which is very much essential for better environment. Hence, various methods and design for application of ultrasound assisted solid-liquid extractor device are necessary.

Lignin Extraction and Quantification, a Tool to Monitor Defense Reaction at the Plant Cell Wall Level

BIO-PROTOCOL ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Schenk ◽  
Adam Schikora
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Defense Reaction ◽  
Lignin Extraction
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