Cytopathological changes induced by potato spindle tuber viroid in Scopolia sinensis

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 677-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. C. Paliwal ◽  
R. P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Potato Spindle Tuber Viroid ◽  
Infected Tissue ◽  
Cell Organelles ◽  
Electron Dense Deposit ◽  
Dense Bodies ◽  
Dense Deposit ◽  
Dense Deposits ◽  
Local Lesions ◽  
Extensive Cell ◽  
In Cells

The mesophyll parenchyma of Scopolia sinensis Hemsl. leaves infected with potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTV) was examined for cytopathological changes. Cells of the systemically infected tissue showed a proliferation of cytoplasmic membranes in the form of sheets or vesicles and generally these membranes and the tonoplast were studded with electron-dense deposits. About 47% of the cells examined contained amorphous electron-dense inclusions in their vacuoles but about 3% of the healthy leaf cells also contained a few such inclusions. The lumen of many mature cells contained small spherical to oval electron-dense bodies interspersed with fibrils. In cells adjoining the local lesions on inoculated leaves, electron-dense bodies were not found and membrane deposits were rare. However, the amorphous inclusions occurred in 52% of these cells examined. Extensive cell wall deposits containing flattened tubules and vesicles were common in cells adjoining local lesions. Only smaller, localized wall deposits were found in cells of the systemically infected tissue and in some cells adjoining local lesions. Cell organelles were generally unaffected in systemically infected tissue except that mitochondria often contained vacuoles filled with an electron-dense deposit. However, degenerating chloroplasts and mitochondria were common in cells adjoining local lesions.

The Prevalence of Mesangial Electron-Dense Deposits in PLA2R-Positive Membranous Nephropathy

Nephron ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Gabriel Giannini ◽  
Lois J. Arend
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Membranous Nephropathy ◽  
Immunofluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Electron Dense Deposit ◽  
Dense Deposit ◽  
Phospholipase A2 Receptor ◽  
Dense Deposits ◽  
Negative Biopsies

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Membranous nephropathy (MN) is a common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults and can be primary or secondary. The antigenic target of antibodies in 70% of primary cases is phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R). The presence or absence of mesangial electron-dense deposits has been used to distinguish between primary and secondary MN. Mesangial deposits suggest MN due to lupus, infection, or other causes, though they are reported to occur in approximately 10% of primary MN. Staining for PLA2R is now frequently used for confirming a diagnosis of primary MN. If mesangial deposits predict a secondary cause, they should be more frequent in PLA2R-negative biopsies. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A review of institutional kidney biopsies between March 2017 and June 2020 identified all cases of MN. Cases with a diagnosis of lupus or near “full-house” staining by immunofluorescence microscopy (IF) were excluded. Light microscopy, IF, and electron microscopy (EM) were performed. PLA2R staining was performed by IF. EM for all cases was reviewed and electron-dense deposit location, distribution, and size were determined. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Ninety-three cases of MN were identified, of which 86 had both PLA2R staining and EM performed. Of these, 51 cases (59%) were positive for PLA2R and 35 (41%) were negative. Mesangial electron-dense deposits were present in 22 (25.6%) of the 86 cases, including 27.5% (14/51) of PLA2R-positive cases and 22.8% (8/35) of PLA2R-negative cases. No difference was seen in size or distribution of deposits, or other features considered suggestive of secondary MN. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> PLA2R-negative cases were not more likely to have mesangial deposits than PLA2R-positive cases. Mesangial deposits should not be used as an indicator of secondary MN.

scholarly journals A novel cytochemical marker for liposome decomposition in lysosomes.

1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 404-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
S C Ho ◽  
L Huang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Enzymatic Reaction ◽  
Chinese Hamster ◽  
Electron Dense Deposit ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Dense Deposit ◽  
Condensed Product ◽  
Dense Deposits ◽  
Indigo Blue ◽  
Cytochemical Marker

The endocytosis of large unilamellar liposomes composed of phosphatidylcholine by the cultured Chinese hamster V-79 cells is demonstrated with electron microscopy cytochemistry. A novel cytochemical marker, 5-Br,4-Cl,3-indolylphosphate (BCIP) is used. This marker is a soluble and colorless substrate for the lysosomal acid phosphatase and can be readily entrapped in liposomes. The product of the enzymatic reaction, 5-Br,4-Cl,3-hydroxy indole, rapidly self-condenses and becomes an insoluble derivative of indigo blue. In thin section transmission electron microscopy, the condensed product appears as electron-dense deposits in the lysosomes. Since the electron-dense deposit only appears when the endocytosed liposomes are delivered to the lysosomes as the result of phagosome-lysosome fusion, this marker provides a unique cytochemical means to reveal those liposomes that are lysosomotropic and are actually decomposed within the lysosomes. No electron-dense deposits are found in the liposome-treated cells in the presence of chloroquine, or a combination of NaN3 and deoxyglucose. As a comparison, we have also used horseradish peroxidase entrapped in liposomes to confirm the endocytic uptake of liposomes. Using a radioactive marker, 125I-labeled lysozyme, entrapped in liposomes, it is shown that about 20-30% of liposome uptake by V-79 cells is due to endocytosis.

scholarly journals Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis with C3 and intramembranous dense deposits

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (S4) ◽  
pp. 43-44
Author(s):  
F. Carvalho ◽  
H. Viana ◽  
A.P. Alves de Matos ◽  
M. Amoedo
Keyword(s):  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
C3 Nephritic Factor ◽  
Dense Deposit ◽  
Dense Deposits ◽  
Capillary Walls ◽  
Mild Renal Insufficiency

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) encompasses 7 to 10% of all biopsied glomerulonephritis. They are divided in: MPGN type I; MPGN type II and MPGN type III, being primary or secondary. MPGN type I are the most frequent, MPGN types II and III are very rare and difficult to diagnose without clinical and morphologic findings integration. MPGN type II or Dense Deposit Disease has a varied morphologic appearance with a few numbers of cases showing a membranoproliferative pattern by Light microscopy (LM). Electron microscopy (EM) is pivotal to confirm the diagnosis.We present a case of 35 years old man, with nephrotic proteinuria and mild renal insufficiency since 2 years. The only relevant clinical data is facial lipodystrophy. Complement 3 (C3) was low and C3 nephritic factor negative. There were not other relevant abnormalities. Renal biopsy was fixed in buffered formaldehyde 10% and performed for LM. The frozen fragment, prepared for observation by fluorescence microscopy - immunofluorescence (IMF) -, was prepared to be stained with florescent anti-serums, against immunoglobulines (IgG, IgA and IgM) and complement factors (C3, C4, and C1q). EM was later done on tissue formaldehyde fixed reprocessed from paraffin-embebbed for LM, because there was no tissue fragment fixed in glutaraldehyde.LM showed variable endocapillary hypercelullarity, with neutrophils infiltration. Capillary walls were thickened due to the deposition of elongate and ribbon-like deposits. Few double contours were visible (Figure 1a). IMF demonstrated the presence of C3 deposits in the capillary walls and mesangium (Figure 1b). EM confirmed the presence of an intramembranous dense deposit along basement membrane which was thickened (Figure 1c). LM and IMF findings favored the diagnosis of MPGN type II with C3 deposits and thickening of basement membrane. Nevertheless EM was essential to confirm intramembranous unequivocally dense deposits.MPGN type II is a rare glomerulonephritis mediated by complement deregulation. The integration of clinical and morphologic findings is essential to get a correct diagnosis. In this setting EM is highly distinctive and required for a definitive diagnosis.

Adhesion of Phytophthora palmivora zoospores: electron microscopy of cell attachment and cyst wall fibril formation

1975 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-132
Author(s):  
V.O. Sing ◽  
S. Bartnicki-Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Cyst Wall ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Film Surface ◽  
Phytophthora Palmivora ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Electron Dense Deposit ◽  
Dense Deposit

Zoospores of Phytophthora palmivora adhered to a plastic film surface were examined by electron microscopy. Three stages of adhesion were compared: (1) non-adhesive, unencysted zoospores, (2) adhered incipient cysts, and (3) adhered mature cysts. Thin sections of incipient cysts revealed cells attached to the film surface through the partially discharged contents of the so-called peripheral vesicles; this seems to be the first step in cell adhesion. In mature cysts, the adhesive appeared to have been compacted into an electron-dense deposit binding the cyst wall to the plastic surface. The adhesion zone was also examined in face view after lysing attached incipient cysts with sodium dodecyl sulphate. Cyst wall microfibrils were seen together with an amorphous substance (presumably the adhesive material). The microfibrils were in various stages of formation. Seemingly, adhesion and microfibril formation take place concurrently. The possibility was considered that the material contained in the peripheral vesicles serves in both cell adhesion and microfibril elaboration.

scholarly journals Role of marrow-derived monocytes and mesangial cells in removal of immune complexes from renal glomeruli.

1979 ◽  
Vol 149 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
G E Striker ◽  
M Mannik ◽  
M Y Tung
Keyword(s):  
Immune Complexes ◽  
Marrow Transplantation ◽  
Mesangial Cells ◽  
Phagocytic Cells ◽  
Glomerular Mesangium ◽  
Dense Bodies ◽  
Mesangial Hypercellularity ◽  
Dense Deposits ◽  
X Irradiation

Phagocytosis of intravenously administered immune complexes by cells in the mesangium was investigated. The model used was that of exchange marrow transplantation between Chediak-Higashi (CH) mice and syngeneic partners after X-irradiation. This model was chosen since marrow-derived macrophages could be differentiated from resident mesangial cells by the presence of the characteristic giant lysosomes in phagocytic cells of the CH mice. Injected immune complexes were cleared normally and localized in the glomerular mesangium in CH or C57BL/6J mice receiving either C57BL/6J or CH marrow. C57BL/6J mice with CH marrow injected with immune complexes prepared with reduced and alkylated antibodies accumulated many cells within the mesangium that contained both giant lysosomes and electron dense deposits. Deposits were not found in cells with subplasmalemmal microfilaments and perpheral dense bodies. Conversely, the cells in the mesangium of CH mice with C57BL/6J marrow that contained electron dense deposits were devoid of giant lysosomes. Based on these observations, we concluded that (a) marrow-derived monocytes contribute to mesangial hypercellularity after deposition of immune complexes and (b) phagocytosis of immune complexes localized in the glomerular mesangium was by marrow-derived monocytes rather than by mesangial cells.

Ultrastructural localization of cationic proteins in cytoplasmic granules of chicken and rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes

1975 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-94
Author(s):  
E.K. Macrae ◽  
J.K. Spitznagel
Keyword(s):  
Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes ◽  
Intracellular Localization ◽  
Ultrastructural Localization ◽  
Cationic Protein ◽  
Cationic Proteins ◽  
Cytoplasmic Granules ◽  
Electron Dense Deposit ◽  
Dense Deposit ◽  
Neutrophilic Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes ◽  
Ammoniacal Silver

Cytoplasmic granules known to contain cationic arginine-rich proteins can be identified by the ammoniacal silver reaction (ASR) which provides a cytochemical marker detectable under the electron microscope. Only the large rod-shaped granules of the chicken polymorphonuclear leukocytes (heterophils) and the large spherical azurophilic granules of the rabbit neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocytes show the ASR product as a discrete particulate electron-dense deposit. The other smaller granules are devoid of reaction product, as are membranes and mitochondria. The intracellular localization of the ASR product, as are membranes and mitochondria. The intracellular localization of the ASR product on the large granules coincides with the ASR product localization on the same isolated granule populations, when the ammoniacal silver reaction is applied to these granules after their separation by sucrose-density gradients. The cationic proteins may have intraleukocytic bacteriolytic properties, since ASR product, presumably indicating cationic protein from discharged granules, appears to surround ingested bacteria within cytoplasmic phagosomes.

X-Ray Analysis of Cytochemical Reaction Products in Synaptic Areas

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 6-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopic Level ◽  
Junctional Complex ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Cytochemical Localization ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Past ◽  
Electron Dense Deposit ◽  
Dense Deposit ◽  
Cytochemical Reaction

Specific cytochemical reactions have been instrumental in the illucidation of compounds within tissues, whether these compounds are hormones, enzymes, or molecules, such as certain nerve transmitter agents. Many cytochemical reaction products depend upon some complex, which is an electron dense deposit. Several types of cytochemical procedures can be used to visualize agents related to synaptic transmission at the junctional complex. One method which has been used with considerable success has been the cytochemical localization of biogenic amines (BAs), i.e., norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA). For the past few years, a chrome complex formed with certain BAs and glutaraldehyde has been utilized to localize BAs at the electron microscopic level and the specificity of the reaction has been verified biochemically.

The distribution of centrosomes in migrating endothelial cells during wound healing in situ

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 1135-1141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kem A. Rogers ◽  
Martin Sandig ◽  
Nancy H. McKee ◽  
Vitauts I. Kalnins
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Cell Migration ◽  
Balloon Catheter ◽  
Rabbit Aorta ◽  
Adult Rabbit ◽  
Cell Organelles ◽  
Wound Edge ◽  
In Cells

We have examined the distribution of centrioles in rabbit thoracic aortic endothelial cells induced to migrate by wounding the endothelium in situ. Following denudation of the endothelium from a segment of the aorta with a balloon catheter, a wound edge was created from which endothelial cells began to migrate onto the denuded surface. In this in situ model of cell migration, the position of centrioles was determined in cells along the wound edge by immunofluorescence and antibodies which specifically label these cell organelles, and then they were classified in relation to the nucleus and the direction of cell migration as being oriented toward the wound, in the center, or away from wound. At time 0, as in normal unwounded adult rabbit aorta, no preferential orientation of centrioles was evident. Within 12 h after wounding, the centrioles in about 53% of endothelial cells near the wound edge were oriented toward the wound, while in less than 20% of the cells they were oriented away from wound. At 24 h, in cells up to 800 μm from the wound edge, centrioles in only about 10% of the endothelial cells were oriented away from wound, while in about 52% of cells they were found in the center and in 38% of the cells they remained oriented toward the wound. At 48 h, up to 2000 μm from the wound edge, the majority of endothelial cells had their centrioles in the center, possibly as a result of an increase in mitotic index as cells replicate to reestablish an intact endothelium. The results of this study demonstrate that, in endothelial cells starting to migrate on a natural substratum in situ in response to wounding, most centrioles reorient toward the wound edge. This observation is consistent with the hypothesis that the centrosome is involved in defining the direction of cell migration in endothelial cells.Key words: centriole, in situ, endothelium, wound healing, aorta.

EMMA-4 analysis of iron in cells of the thymic cortex of a weaver-bird ( Quelea quelea )

1975 ◽  
Vol 273 (923) ◽  
pp. 79-82 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Erythroid Cells ◽  
Cell Organelles ◽  
Analytical Studies ◽  
Analytical Electron ◽  
Analytical Electron Microscope ◽  
Avian Thymus ◽  
Reticular Cells ◽  
In Cells

Combined morphological and analytical studies with the EMMA-4 analytical electron microscope have enabled very early erythroid cells to be identified within the cortex of enlarging thymic lobes of Quelea quelea . These early erythroid cells have pale cytoplasm (sometimes with ferritin-like crystals present), slightly pachychromatic nuclei and have fewer cell organelles (mitochondria) than lymphocytes. Counts for iron were approximately 70% lower than counts from mature erythrocytes found free in the cortex. Iron was also recorded from some epithelial reticular cells and pyknotic nuclei; no iron was recorded from small lymphocytes (thymocytes) in the cortex. The presence of very early erythroid cells is a further indication that erythropoiesis occurs in situ in the avian thymus.

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