The role of surface wax in susceptibility of plants to air pollutant injury

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 316-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tedmund J. Swiecki ◽  
Anton G. Endress ◽  
O. C. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Epicuticular Wax ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Plant Sensitivity ◽  
Surface Wax ◽  
Chamber Temperature ◽  
Hcl Gas ◽  
Study Support ◽  
Hcl Concentration ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between quantity of epicuticular wax and plant sensitivity to hydrogen chloride (HCl) gas was investigated using 8-, 12-, and 16-day-old Phaseolus vulgaris L. plants exposed for 20 min to 27.6 ± 3.9 mg HCl∙m−3. Twelve-day-old plants were more sensitive than 8- or 16-day-old plants and possessed the lowest mean surface wax quantity. Multiple regression analysis showed that surface wax quantity was negatively linearly related to percent of leaves glazed. Necrotic injury was also negatively correlated with surface wax quantity, but to a lesser degree than glazing. Chamber temperature also affected the amount of necrotic injury incurred. Plant age and HCl concentration did not contribute to the observed variation in any of the injury variables in the regression analysis.The results of this study support the hypothesis that cuticular resistance, which is influenced by the amount of epicuticular wax, is a major factor influencing leaf glazing due to gaseous HCl. Since necrotic injury was affected by both surface wax quantity and chamber temperature, the incidence and severity of necrotic injury may be controlled by both cuticular and stomatal resistances.

An Examination of the Role of Ethics in Tax Compliance Decisions

2005 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Charlene Henderson ◽  
Steven E. Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Tax Compliance ◽  
Ethical Beliefs ◽  
Ethical Orientations ◽  
Compliance Behavior ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Ethical Evaluations ◽  
Study Support ◽  
Compliance Decisions ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between ethical beliefs and tax compliance is well documented, but extant research has not explored the relationships among general ethical beliefs, contextual ethical beliefs, and tax compliance behavior. In this study we propose a model that is intended to clarify the mechanisms through which ethical beliefs impact tax compliance. In the model, contextual ethical beliefs represent the mechanism through which individuals' general ethical beliefs impact tax compliance behavior. The model is tested using participants' ethical orientations as measures of their general ethical beliefs and using participants' ethical evaluations of others' tax compliance decisions as measures of their contextual ethical beliefs. Tax compliance behavior is inferred from participants' estimates of the likelihood that they would evade. Overall, the findings from our study support the proposed model. Ethical orientations are directly related to ethical evaluations; ethical evaluations directly predict tax compliance behavior; and finally, ethical orientations are indirectly related to tax compliance behavior. That is, ethical orientations influence tax compliance behavior, but only through their influence on ethical evaluations. We believe that the proposed model provides an important contribution by providing a framework that outlines the routes through which ethical beliefs impact tax compliance.

scholarly journals 806 PB 118 CHARACTERIZATION OF BERRY CUTICLE AND EPICUTICULAR WAX OF GRAPE CULTIVARS

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 548f-548
Author(s):  
Edward W. Hellman ◽  
Laurel Raines
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Epicuticular Wax ◽  
First Line ◽  
Grape Berries ◽  
Enhanced Resistance ◽  
Surface Wax ◽  
Epicuticular Wax Layer ◽  
Grape Cultivars

The cuticle and epicuticular wax layer of grape berries provides a first line of defense against fungal pathogens. A relatively thick cuticle and wax layer may result in enhanced resistance to Botrytis cinerea Pers. The structure of epicuticular wax also has been postulated to play a role in Botryris resistance. To examine the role of cuticle and wax in disease resistance, berries of diverse grape cultivars were sampled to quantify the cuticle and wax layers. Wax surface structure was examined by scanning electron microscopy. Significant differences among cultivars were found for both cuticle and wax measurements. Environmental conditions may influence development of these layers, some cultivars had significantly greater cuticle and wax layers in berries that developed in full sunlight. Visual differences in surface wax appearance were apparent among cultivars. Size, density and orientation of wax platelets varied among cultivars.

Understanding the Relation between Establishment Food Safety Management and Risk Factor Violations Cited during Routine Inspections

2018 ◽  
Vol 81 (12) ◽  
pp. 1936-1940 ◽  
Author(s):  
XARVIERA S. APPLING ◽  
PETRONA LEE ◽  
CRAIG W. HEDBERG
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Effect Of Food ◽  
Study Support ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Policies And Practices

ABSTRACT Certified Food Manager (CFM) training can help ensure proper food safety practices for decreasing risk factor violations associated with foodborne illness. However, the effectiveness of food safety management also depends on the authority of the person in charge (PIC) and the added value of third-party inspectors auditing food safety policies and practices. To examine the effect of food safety management characteristics on risk factor violations cited on routine inspections, we evaluated results of 546 routine inspections in the cities of Bloomington and Richfield, MN, between 2016 and 2017. Food establishment management was characterized by the presence of a CFM of record for the establishment, whether the PIC was certified, and whether the establishment used a third-party inspector to audit food safety policies and practices. For each of these food safety management characteristics, the establishment had fewer risk factor observations that were out of compliance during routine inspections. The relationship between the establishment's food safety management characteristics and either the percentage of observations out of compliance or the inspections with observations out of compliance differed by risk factor category. For preventing contamination by hands, the lowest rates were found for inspections in which the CFM of record was the PIC. However, for potentially hazardous food time and temperature violations, establishments that used third-party inspectors had lower percentages of both observations and inspections out of compliance across all categories of management characteristics. The results of our study support the recommendations of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration regarding CFMs. However, our findings also suggest greater complexity in the characteristics of food safety management, which include the role of third-party inspectors and whether a CFM is acting in the role of the CFM of record.

The effect of leader personality on follower behaviour

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Kahya ◽  
Faruk Şahin
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Member Exchange ◽  
Study Support ◽  
Satisfaction With The Leader ◽  
Performance Satisfaction ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the mediating effect of the leader-member exchange (LMX) on the relationship between leader personality and follower attitudes and behaviours, including task performance, satisfaction with the leader and organisational citizenship behaviour. Design/methodology/approach Adopting a multifaceted perspective to examine the relationships among the research variables, data were collected from 67 leaders and 372 followers. To test the hypotheses, hierarchical linear modelling analyses were conducted. Findings The results indicate that leader extraversion is positively related to follower task performance and that leader agreeableness is positively related to follower organisational citizenship behaviour and satisfaction with leaders. Moreover, the results indicate that the quality of the LMX relationship partially mediated the positive relationship between leader extraversion and follower task performance and fully mediated the relationship between leader agreeableness and satisfaction with leader and organisational citizenship behaviour. Practical implications The findings of this study support the mediating role of the LMX relationship between leader personality and follower attitudes and behaviours. Hence, it is worthwhile to examine the effects of leader personality in an organisational context. Originality/value The originality of this study is that it focusses on the integration of leader personality, LMX, and follower attitudes and behaviours in a single study, providing a model that indicates the mediating role of LMX in the relationship between leader personality and follower attitudes and behaviours.

The Relationship of Training on Manufacturing Capabilities among Electrical and Electronic Manufacturers in Malaysia

2015 ◽  
Vol 793 ◽  
pp. 663-668
Author(s):  
M.H. Amlus ◽  
Ahmad Zaidi Abdullah ◽  
Amlus Ibrahim ◽  
H. Mokhtarudin
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Regression Techniques ◽  
Study Support ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Generally, manufacturing capability is the important factor in running and developing business. Hence, this research is aimed to identifying the relationships of critical factors and make sure the companies can survive in the northern region of Malaysia. Those identified factors are training and manufacturing capabilities. Through the email survey, a total of 89 companies representing electrical and electronic industries had responded. The hypotheses involved were tested using correlation and regression techniques. The results of the study support all the hypotheses. The multiple regression analysis indicates that there are significant relationships among the factors on each criterion to manufacturing capabilities. While hierarchical multiple regression analysis was carried out to test the role of moderating in the relationship between independent variables with dependent variables. It is believed that results of this study will be beneficial for shareholders and directors of companies to apply these manufacturing capabilities.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Time Based Management towards Manufacturing Capabilities: Investigating in Malaysian Manufacturing Industries

2018 ◽  
Vol 150 ◽  
pp. 06013
Author(s):  
Mohammad Harith Bin Amlus ◽  
Amlus Ibrahim ◽  
Ahmad Zaidi Abdullah ◽  
U. Naeimah Saraeh ◽  
Adi Anuar Azmin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Manufacturing Firms ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Regression Techniques ◽  
Study Support ◽  
The Relationship

Towards Industry 4.0, Malaysian Manufacturing Firms need to identify back their manufacturing capabilities especially to increase the performance and profit. This research is conducted to identify the role of manufacturing practices towards manufacturing capabilities. From this information it can provide valuable ingredients for companies in sustainable their operation. The identified factor of manufacturing practices is time based management and the dependent variables is manufacturing capabilities(focusing on agility. Through the survey, a total of 119 firms representing various industries in Northern Region of Malaysia had responded. The hypotheses involved were tested using correlation and regression techniques. The results of the study support the hypotheses. The multiple regression analysis indicates that there are significant relationships among this role on manufacturing capabilities. It is believed that results of this study will be beneficial to the top management of Malaysian manufacturing industries to focus on tim e based management and agility to increase the manufacturing capabilities.

Testing the Mediating Role of Perceived Motivational Climate in the Relationship between Achievement Goals and Satisfaction: Are These Relationships Invariant across Sex?

2008 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
George B. Cunningham ◽  
Ping Xiang
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Achievement Goals ◽  
Motivational Climate ◽  
Goal Theory ◽  
Mastery Goals ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Study Support ◽  
Perceived Motivational Climate ◽  
The Relationship

Guided by achievement goal theory, the current study examined whether perceived motivational climate mediated the relationship between achievement goals and satisfaction with physical activity among college students, as well as whether this mediation differed by sex. Participants (N = 304) completed questionnaires assessing their achievement goals, perceived motivational climate, and satisfaction with physical activity. Perceptions of a mastery-focused climate were found to be a mediator of the relationship between mastery goals and satisfaction. The mediating role of perceived motivational climate did not differ based on the sex of the student. Collectively, results of this study support the view that mastery goals and perceived mastery climate are motivationally beneficial to students in the physical activity domain.

Choosing a Markov blanket

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Parr
Keyword(s):  
Markov Blanket ◽  
Target Article ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This commentary focuses upon the relationship between two themes in the target article: the ways in which a Markov blanket may be defined and the role of precision and salience in mediating the interactions between what is internal and external to a system. These each rest upon the different perspectives we might take while “choosing” a Markov blanket.

Staring Down Death

Crisis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Joiner ◽  
Melanie A. Hom ◽  
Megan L. Rogers ◽  
Carol Chu ◽  
Ian H. Stanley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Blink Rate ◽  
Specific Task ◽  
Careful Planning ◽  
Eye Blink ◽  
Eye Blinks ◽  
Potential Clinical Utility ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Background: Lowered eye blink rate may be a clinically useful indicator of acute, imminent, and severe suicide risk. Diminished eye blink rates are often seen among individuals engaged in heightened concentration on a specific task that requires careful planning and attention. Indeed, overcoming one’s biological instinct for survival through suicide necessitates premeditation and concentration; thus, a diminished eye blink rate may signal imminent suicidality. Aims: This article aims to spur research and clinical inquiry into the role of eye blinks as an indicator of acute suicide risk. Method: Literature relevant to the potential connection between eye blink rate and suicidality was reviewed and synthesized. Results: Anecdotal, cognitive, neurological, and conceptual support for the relationship between decreased blink rate and suicide risk is outlined. Conclusion: Given that eye blinks are a highly observable behavior, the potential clinical utility of using eye blink rate as a marker of suicide risk is immense. Research is warranted to explore the association between eye blink rate and acute suicide risk.

Parenting Behaviors and Anxiety in Young Adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 170-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin N. Stevens ◽  
Joseph R. Bardeen ◽  
Kyle W. Murdock
Keyword(s):  
Effortful Control ◽  
Parenting Behaviors ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Parental Overprotection ◽  
High Control ◽  
Development Of Anxiety ◽  
The Relationship

Parenting behaviors – specifically behaviors characterized by high control, intrusiveness, rejection, and overprotection – and effortful control have each been implicated in the development of anxiety pathology. However, little research has examined the protective role of effortful control in the relation between parenting and anxiety symptoms, specifically among adults. Thus, we sought to explore the unique and interactive effects of parenting and effortful control on anxiety among adults (N = 162). Results suggest that effortful control uniquely contributes to anxiety symptoms above and beyond that of any parenting behavior. Furthermore, effortful control acted as a moderator of the relationship between parental overprotection and anxiety, such that overprotection is associated with anxiety only in individuals with lower levels of effortful control. Implications for potential prevention and intervention efforts which specifically target effortful control are discussed. These findings underscore the importance of considering individual differences in self-regulatory abilities when examining associations between putative early-life risk factors, such as parenting, and anxiety symptoms.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document