Conceptualising work-integrated learning to support pre-service teachers' pedagogic reasoning

Much South African research suggests that work-integrated learning (WIL) experiences of pre-service teachers are uneven. Their learning depends heavily on the functionality of the school and on the presence and commitment of the mentor teacher. Even then, mentor feedback tends to focus on generic comments on classroom routines rather than providing an account of their teaching practices. In this conceptual paper, we draw on a range of literature and studies to argue that the value of WIL would be greatly enhanced if pre-service teachers and their mentors discuss both the visible classroom routines and the less visible reasoning that inform the pedagogic choices that teachers make. This focus on pedagogic reasoning could foreground both the principled knowledge base that teachers need, as well as the contextual responsiveness and ethical orientations needed to become a specialised knower within the teaching profession. WIL therefore needs to provide pre-service teachers with explicit, structured opportunities to consider how the teachers they observe enact their teaching and why. They also need to articulate the pedagogic choices they make in the design and delivery of their own lessons. We argue that structuring WIL as a space in which to recognise and engage in forms of pedagogic reasoning addresses some of the challenges of the uneven quality of student learning identified in research on WIL in the South African context.

Axiological aspect of modern german ethnosymbols in teaching german language

Based on the axiological approach, it has been established that the moral-ethical orientations of the German society have been internalized in the minds of the ethnos and verbalized by the ethnosymbols. An ethnosymbol is a motivated, conventional linguistic sign with multiple meaning that embodies important cultural meaningful concepts. The reasons for the formation of ethnosymbols are the specificity and duration of interethnic contacts, social, political and economic conditions for the development of ethnic groups. The semantic structure of the ethnosymbol is formed on the basis of national associative relationships commonly used in a particular sociolinguistic system of agreements. The aim of the article is to establish the value dominants of German culture on the basis of the analysis of ethnic symbols as important components of the linguistic picture of the world. Symbolic meaning as an associative rethinking of the direct and figurative meanings of the word involves taking into account the social function and ethnocultural specifics of the denoted object. National verbal associations are a prerequisite for the formation of symbolic semantics of the word, but the involvement of only linguistic methods does not provide a thorough and comprehensive study. The connection between language and language consciousness can be explored through an associative experiment. The results of such an experiment make it possible not only to establish the features of verbal memory, mental lexicon, cultural stereotypes, but also to reflect the specifics of the worldview of the language community. Most German ethnic symbols objectify such concepts as order, punctuality, purity, diligence, thrift. The set of the value dominants creates a certain type of the culture that has been maintained in the language and is transferred from generation to generation.

Realizing Interspecies Democracy

Sue Donaldson, Janneke Vink, and Jean-Paul Gagnon discuss the problem of anthropocentric democratic theory and the preconditions needed to realize a (corrective) interspecies democracy. Donaldson proposes the formal involvement of nonhuman animals in political institutions—a revolutionary task; Vink argues for changes to the law that would cover nonhuman animals with inviolable political rights; and Gagnon advises a personal change to dietary choices (veganism) and ethical orientations (do no harm). Together, the three proposals point to a future position where humans can participate in a multispecies world in which nonhuman others are freed from our tyrannical grasp.

Ecotourism’s ethics: Self-organization and care in urban Guyana

In this article, I shed light on the ethical orientations of people who labour and invest in ecotourism, and the conditions through which ecotourism becomes recognizable as a neoliberal practice. I reveal that what distinguishes ecotourism is not merely its arrangements for the commodification of nature and related scientific enterprises. Instead, ecotourism depends in part on how people live with environmental degradation and the flexible ways in which they relate ideas of care to such lived experiences. Drawing on research conducted in urban Guyana, the article lays out people’s struggles to plan for mangrove tourism despite the presence of garbage and the threat of erosion to forests. In so doing, I illustrate that ecotourism expresses itself through self-organizing processes and therefore, is dialectically intertwined with sociopolitical strategies of care and its distribution.

Monitoring of the Development Potential of Educational Services in General Secondary Education Institutions

The article considers the results of scientific research on the problem of monitoring the quality of educational services, as well as analyzes and summarizes the important parameters of such monitoring. The activities of educational institution have many components and aspects. Proposed to develop integrated indicators of the quality of educational services, which would combine many factors of educational activities and reflect the central goal of the educational process − the development of the child's personality. The author writes that comprehensive personal development is the main goal of educational activities, so such an integral criteria for the quality of educational services can be the development potential of the educational process in educational institutions. The article considers the system of students’ skills, abilities, personal and mental qualities, which provide an opportunity to successfully acquire the necessary school knowledge and skills. They are considered as indicators and manifestations of effective developmental effect of the educational process on the student's personality. They characterize the development potential of educational services. Described the following types of universal learning activities: cognitive (ability to learn, logical thinking, etc.), communicative (social competence, ability to communicate, etc.), regulatory (goal setting, planning, etc.), personal (provide value-semantic and moral-ethical orientations of students ). Criteria and levels for assessing the development potential of educational services were presented.

Nutritional Choices, New Health Approaches and Anti-speciesist Thinking

Nutritional choices are affected by culture, tradition and above all by the narrative we adopt for human history. The article gives an overview of the (pseudo)scientific beliefs, psychological factors and ethical orientations that affect nutritional choices. Among the various food theories today, great importance is given, for example, to the so-called Paleolithic diet, which consists of proposing a dietary model based on blood groups, which are assumed to have developed throughout different periods of the natural evolution of Homo sapiens, which were characterized by peculiar alimentary regimes. Moreover, psychological determinant drivers affect food choices and could lead to pathological eating behaviors (e.g., anorexia, overeating, binge eating). Finally, the ethical aspects of nutrition are closely correlated to vegetarianism, which in turn embraces an anti-speciesist thinking and recognizes the need for humans not to inflict unnecessary suffering on animals. Vegetarianism, anti-speciesism and ecologism often represent different aspects of the same issue: a lifestyle that testifies the need for a change in traditional paradigms, in the interest of humankind and the future of life on our planet.

Accountant’s Ethical Orientations Under Ethical Decision Making Literatures Review Of Accounting’s Aspect From 1995 To 2012

The objective of this study is to invent ethical judgments of Accountants from 1996 - 2013. The research’s used O’Fallon and Butterfield, 2005 about empirical ethical orientations from 1994 to 2004, and Craft review 2013 also from 2005 to 2012. Research method used in this study is the literatures base on the reviews of empirical ethical decision making. Code of ethics and ethical education affect the ethical orientations of accountants in practice, and empowered idealism Dan relativism (ethical philosophy). The implementations of an ethical climate in business step by step would strengthen ethical decisions made by accountants in practice.