Scanning electron microscopy examination of soybean testa development

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (11) ◽  
pp. 2420-2424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel M. Baker ◽  
Harry C. Minor ◽  
Billy G. Cumbie
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Secondary Wall ◽  
Outer Integument ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy Examination ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Well Differentiated ◽  
Harvest Maturity ◽  
Microscopy Examination ◽  
Scanning Electron

Seeds of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) were harvested from greenhouse-grown plants and fractures of the seed coat were examined with a scanning electron microscope. The seed coat was well differentiated from the outer integument when the seed had reached approximately 30% maximum seed size. At this time, the osteosclereids began to separate, becoming fully detached along their radial walls by 50% maximum seed size. Macrosclereid secondary wall development occurred during growth of the seed from 50 to 100% maximum seed size. Near R6 (100% maximum seed size) the endothelium began differentiation from the integumentary tapetum (inner integument) and was fully differentiated by physiological maturity (R7). From R7 to harvest maturity (R8) the seed lost moisture content and decreased in size. The parenchyma of the seed coat collapsed in response to this dehydration.

Scanning electron microscopy examination of soybean hilum development

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 544-550
Author(s):  
Daniel M. Baker ◽  
Tadesse Mebrahtu
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Outer Integument ◽  
Stellate Cells ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy Examination ◽  
Seed Maturity ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Microscopy Examination ◽  
Scanning Electron

Seeds of the soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cultivar Tracy-M were harvested from field-grown plants, and fractures of the hilum were examined with a scanning electron microscope. Macrosclereid and hilar fissure differentiation were observed at approximately 1% maximum seed size. The tracheid bar, stellate cells, sclerenchyma, and rim aril began differentiation near 5% maximum seed size. Outer integument differentiation was nearly completed by 35% maximum seed size, when articulated parenchyma, aerenchyma, and pits in the developing tracheids were observed. Hilum development was completed when the aleurone differentiated from the inner integument prior to seed maturity. Partial seed abscission was observed during hilum development.

Seed morphology and ultrastructure in Citrus garrawayi (Rutaceae) in relation to germinability

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim N. Hamilton ◽  
Sarah E. Ashmore ◽  
Rod A. Drew ◽  
Hugh W. Pritchard
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Outer Integument ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seed Morphology ◽  
Embryonic Axis ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Immature Seeds

Combinational traits of seed size and seed-coat hardness in Citrus garrawayi (F.M.Bailey) (syn. of Microcitrus garrowayi) were investigated as markers for estimation of seed morphological and physiological maturity. Seed size (length) and coat hardness correlated well with changes in seed coat and embryo morphological development, dry-weight accumulation, decreases in moisture content and a significant increase in germinability. Seed moisture content decreased from 82 ± 1% in immature seeds to 40 ± 1% at seed maturation. The outer integument of immature seeds consisted of thin-walled epidermal fibres from which outgrowths of emerging protrusions were observed. In comparison, mature seed coats were characterised by the thickening of the cell walls of the epidermal fibres from which arose numerous protrusions covered by an extensive mucilage layer. Immature seeds, with incomplete embryo and seed-coat histodiffereniation, had a low mean germination percentage of 4 ± 4%. Premature seeds, with a differentiated embryonic axis, were capable of much higher levels of germination (51 ± 10%) before the attainment of mass maturity. Mature seeds, with the most well differentiated embryonic axis and maximum mean dry weight, had the significantly highest level of germination (88 ± 3%).

scholarly journals Scanning electron microscopy examination of needle tips after different procedures of deep dry needling in humans

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilio J. Poveda-Pagán ◽  
Sergio Hernández-Sánchez ◽  
Luis Rhys-Jones-López ◽  
Antonio Palazón-Bru ◽  
Carlos Lozano-Quijada
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Dry Needling ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy Examination ◽  
Microscopy Examination ◽  
Scanning Electron

A Rapid Setting TTCP-DCPD Cement. Study of the Setting Reaction as a Function of Time

2005 ◽  
Vol 284-286 ◽  
pp. 15-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.F. Burguera ◽  
Francisco Guitián ◽  
Laurence C. Chow
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Dicalcium Phosphate Dihydrate ◽  
Tetracalcium Phosphate ◽  
Setting Reaction ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy Examination ◽  
Phosphate Dihydrate ◽  
Rapid Setting ◽  
Microscopy Examination ◽  
Scanning Electron

The progression of the setting reaction of a tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP) –dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) rapid setting cement was investigated as a function of time. Compressive strength and extent of conversion to hydroxyapatite (HA) were obtained at different incubation times. The results indicated a rapid development of both strength and HA conversion in the early stages of the reaction, which slowed down after 4 h, presumably as a result of HA formation on the surface of the reactants. This hypothesis was supported by scanning electron microscopy examination of cement fracture surfaces.

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