Effects of soil moisture and soil sterilization on vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization and growth of little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium)

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 757-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa J. Cerligione ◽  
Anthony E. Liberta ◽  
Roger C. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Schizachyrium Scoparium ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Little Bluestem ◽  
Unsterilized Soil ◽  
Mycorrhizal Plants ◽  
Copper Aluminum ◽  
Moisture Conditions

Nonmycorrhizal little-bluestem plants grown in sterile soil and mycorrhizal plants grown in unsterilized soil were experimentally subjected to varied soil moisture conditions that ranged from saturation for 12 h followed by drainage for 48 h to allowing soil to dry to permanent wilting point and returning it to field capacity 72 h later. Nonmycorrhizal plants produced significantly (p < 0.05) greater root and shoot biomass, had lower root/shoot ratios, and produced more flowering culms than mycorrhizal plants. However, mycorrhizal plants had significantly higher tissue concentrations of phosphorus, calcium, zinc, iron, copper, aluminum, and sodium and lower concentrations of potassium amd manganese. There was a decrease in percent colonization as soil water availability decreased.

Ecological interaction of little bluestem and vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 2272-2277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura A. Dickman ◽  
Anthony E. Liberta ◽  
Roger C. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Schizachyrium Scoparium ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Little Bluestem ◽  
Acaulospora Laevis ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Vam Colonization ◽  
Hill Prairie

The percentage of vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) colonization of little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium) (Michx.) Nash.) and VAM spore populations in the rhizosphere of little bluestem from four prairie areas in Illinois were studied. At Goose Lake Prairie, a significant positive correlation (r = 0.77, p < 0.01) was found between soil moisture and density of VAM spores, but soil moisture and percent VAM colonization were not significantly correlated at any of its sites. Percentage of VAM colonization tended to be higher at study areas where little bluestem was a dominant species. However, spore numbers and abundance of little bluestem tended to be inversely related. Colonization decreased from May to July at all areas and this trend frequently continued into September. Month of sample collection had no significant effect on spore numbers except at Reavis Hill Prairie. The endophyte isolated at all areas was Glomus fasciculatum (Thaxter sensu Gerd.) Gerd. & Trappe. Other species, such as Gigaspora heterogama (Nicol. & Gerd.) Gerd. & Trappe and Acaulospora laevis Gerd. & Trappe, were more restricted in their distribution.

scholarly journals Inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi on the growth and tolerance to water deficit of coffee plants

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 747-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel D. Moreira ◽  
André C. França ◽  
Wellington W. Rocha ◽  
Evandro S. R. Tibães ◽  
Eudes Neiva Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Coffee Plants ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
Water Contents

ABSTRACT Water stress can be alleviated in plants inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi compared to that experienced by those without mycorrhizae. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth of coffee plants colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi under different soil moisture conditions. Seeds of the coffee cultivar Catuaí Vermelho IAC 99 and three fungal inoculants (Rhizophagus clarus, Claroideoglomus etunicatum and Dentiscutata heterogama) were used in this study. The soil moisture contents tested were 40, 60, 80, and 100% of field capacity. Seedlings in the matchstick stage were inoculated with mycorrhizae, and then later planted in plastic pots when they developed four to five pairs of definitive leaves. Both the extent of mycorrhizal colonization and increases in leaf area were related to soil moisture content in a quadratic manner for plants inoculated with all three mycorhizzal fungi (R. clarus, C. etunicatum, and D. heterogama), as well as for non-inoculated ones. The highest value of colonization of coffee by mycorrhizae was 39%, which occurred in association with R. clarus at 71% of field capacity. The leaf areas of plants inoculated with fungi increased more than those of non-inoculated plants, regardless of the type of inoculum used. Plants inoculated with D. heterogama at 100% field capacity produced 21% more root dry mass than non-inoculated plants did. Inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and higher soil moisture increased the growth of coffee seedlings. The plants inoculated with R. clarus, C. etunicatum, and D. heterogama were tolerant to moderate water deficits (i.e. lower soil water contents). Mycorrhizal colonization was highest for plants in soils with moisture levels close to 75% of field capacity.

Impact of soil sterilization and irrigation intervals on P and K acquisition by mycorrhizal onion (Allium cepa)

Biologia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasser Aliasgharzad ◽  
Saheb Bolandnazar ◽  
Mohammad Neyshabouri ◽  
Nader Chaparzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Irrigation Interval ◽  
Water Stress Condition ◽  
Mycorrhizal Plants

AbstractDrought is a world-spread problem seriously influencing crop production. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) association and soil microorganisms can help plant growth under water stress condition by improvement of its nutrient and water uptake. In this experiment, onion plants (Allium cepa L. cv. Red Azar Shahr) were inoculated with three AM fungi species (Glomus versiforme, G. intraradices, G. etunicatum) or left un-inoculated as non-mycorrhizal plants, in a sterile or non-sterile sandy loam soil. Plants were irrigated at 7, 9 or 11-day intervals to keep the soil moisture content to field capacity at the irrigation time. Mycorrhizal root colonization decreased (p < 0.05) with an increase in irrigation interval, and the highest root colonization was achieved at 7-day irrigated onions in symbiosis with G. versiforme. Phosphorus content in plant tissue was significantly increased in mycorrhizal than non-mycorrhizal onions. Plants inoculated with G. versiforme at 9-day interval treatment had the highest leaf P content, while the lowest P was observed in non-mycorrhizal plants at all irrigation intervals. Onions inoculated by G. versiforme or G. etunicatum at 9-day irrigation interval had the highest K content. Results revealed that the inoculation of onion plant with G. versiforme or G. etunicatum and increasing irrigation interval up to 9 days, could improve P and K uptake.

scholarly journals 406 Plant Diversity Influences Effectiveness of Associated Arbuscular–Mycorrhizal Fungi

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 463A-463
Author(s):  
Rhoda Burrows ◽  
Francis Pfleger
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Diversity ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Schizachyrium Scoparium ◽  
Plant Host ◽  
Little Bluestem

Growing a plant host in association with other plant species (i.e., increasing diversity) changes the composition of the associated arbuscular–mycorrhizal (AM) fungal community. We tested whether this alteration in the fungal community causes significant differences in the growth of Schizachyrium scoparium L. (Little Bluestem, a C4 grass) or Lespedeza capitata L. (Bush clover, a legume). Seedlings were transplanted into pasteurized soil inoculated with soil from monoculture plots of Schizachyrium or Lespedeza, respectively, vs. plots containing one, seven, or 15 additional plant species. Soil washes from a composite of the plots were added to all pots, including non-inoculated controls, to reduce differences in the non-AM microbial communities. Spore counts of the inoculum from Lespedeza plots showed increasing numbers of AM fungal spores and species richness with increasing plant diversity; this was not true with the Schizachyrium plots, possibly because Schizachyrium may be a better host to more species of AM fungi than Lespedeza. Both Schizachyrium and Lespedeza responded to inoculation with increased growth compared to non-inoculated controls. Tissue analyses of both species showed that inoculation increased the percentage of Cu, and lowered the percentage of Mn compared to control plants. Schizachyrium showed no significant differences in growth due to inoculum source (1-, 2-, 8-, or 16-species plots); while Lespedeza showed increases in root and shoot weights with increasing source-plot diversity.

The Influence of Soil Moisture on the Foliar Activity of Diclofop

Weed Science ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 534-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Dortenzio ◽  
R. F. Norris
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
High Soil Moisture ◽  
Herbicide Activity ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
Soil Moisture Status ◽  
Wilting Point

Loss in activity of foliar-applied methyl ester of diclofop {2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy] propanoic acid} occurred under low soil moisture conditions. A loss in control of yellow foxtail [Setaria lutescens(Weigel) Hubb.], wild oats (Avena fatuaL.), little-seed canarygrass (Phalaris minorRetz.), and barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli(L.) Beauv.], was observed under greenhouse and growth chamber conditions. When soil was maintained at 2 to 3% above wilting point as compared to near field capacity, herbicide activity was decreased by 15 to 50%. High soil moisture (at or above 67% of field capacity) for at least 2 to 4 days following treatment was needed to achieve maximum effectiveness of the herbicide. Daily furrow irrigations for a period of 10 days following treatment of barnyardgrass in the field resulted in highest activity as compared to that under single irrigation regimes within the 10-day period. The effect of low soil moisture was minimized by increased rates of herbicide application. Hoe-29152 {methyl-2-[4-(4-trifluoromethylphenoxy)phenoxy] propanoate} showed similar losses in activity associated with low soil moisture. No consistent changes in uptake or translocation of14C-labeled diclofop could be detected in association with altered soil moisture status.

Effects of contrasting light and soil moisture availability on the growth and biomass allocation of Douglas-fir and red alder

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel S Chan ◽  
Steven R Radosevich ◽  
Amy T Grotta
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Red Alder ◽  
Moisture Availability ◽  
Biomass Components ◽  
Soil Moisture Availability ◽  
Moisture Conditions

We examined growth and biomass allocation of individual Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) and red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) seedlings grown for 3 years under contrasting combinations of light and water. Alder growth was always greater than Douglas-fir. Full sunlight and soil moisture at field capacity caused large differences in size between the two species. With limited light and water, differences were smaller. Under full light and limited water, Douglas-fir allocated a high portion of its biomass to roots, whereas red alder allocated a high percentage to aboveground biomass components. Under light and water resource-limiting situations, red alder allocated more mass to stem, whereas Douglas-fir allocated more to roots. Red alder growth responded negatively to water limitation, whereas Douglas-fir did not. Red alder exhibited greater foliage plasticity to light. Species differences in size and allocation in response to resource availability may determine pathways by which Douglas-fir and red alder interact in a mixed community. Our findings support the hypothesis that the potential of species to use growth-limiting resources is an indicator of competitive ability. We suggest that red alder and Douglas-fir can co-exist under conditions of full light and limiting soil moisture availability. Furthermore, when contrasted with red alder, Douglas-fir's relatively greater tolerances to low light allow it to better persist in the understory. Red alder's rapid early growth and competitive ability will be superior under full light and nonlimiting soil moisture conditions.

scholarly journals ANATOMICAL CHANGES IN Urochloa plantaginea AND Urochloa platyphylla UNDER DIFFERENT SOIL MOISTURE CONDITIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 393-406
Author(s):  
Lucas Chagastelles Pinto de Macedo ◽  
Sylvio Henrique Bidel Dornelles ◽  
Liliana Essi ◽  
Matheus Bohrer Scherer ◽  
Jéssica Cezar Cassol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Adaptive Structures ◽  
Anatomical Changes ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Poorly Drained Soils ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Depth Condition

Urochloa plantaginea and Urochloa platyphylla are common weeds in the highland area. However, in recent years, they have been found in wetlands and poorly drained soils, but the biology and behavior of the species in these conditions are not known. Thus, the objective was to assess anatomical changes in plants of Urochloa plantaginea and Urochloa platyphylla grown under different soil moisture conditions, as well as the adaptive structures generated as a result of each environment. A completely randomized experimental design in the form of a 2x2 factorial design was used, with factor A being two species of Urochloa (U. plantaginea and U. platyphylla), and species B being three soil moisture conditions (50 and 100% FC and 5 cm water depth), with four repetitions. The assessments were performed by means of anatomical cuts, observing the number and diameter (micrometers - μm) of aerenchymas in stems, roots and leaves; total diameter and the central root cylinder (μm); diameter of the fistula medulla and cortex (μm) in stems; mesophyll thickness and leaf midrib (μm). It was found that, for the two species of Urochloa, the water depth condition induced an increase in the number and diameter of aerenchymas in roots and leaves and provided a larger diameter of the fistulous pith in stems. The diameter of the central cylinder and the thickness of the leaf mesophyll midrib were more compact at 50% FC, also, for both species. Therefore, the adaptive structures generated vary as a result of the field capacity of the soil.

Effect of fire on the mycorrhizal ecology of little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium)

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 706-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shivcharn S. Dhillion ◽  
Roger C. Anderson ◽  
Anthony E. Liberta
Keyword(s):  
Late Summer ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Schizachyrium Scoparium ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
Vam Fungi ◽  
Little Bluestem ◽  
Aboveground Production ◽  
Mycorrhizal Ecology ◽  
Burned Site

Fire in a prairie significantly affected subsequent vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungal colonization and sporulation, plant aboveground production, and tissue inorganic nutrient concentration. Colonization levels of VAM fungi in little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash) roots were significantly (p < 0.05) lower on the burned site than on the unburned site during the first growing season postburn, but there were no significant differences between sites during the 2nd year. On each sampling date during the first growing season postburn, the burned site had significantly higher aboveground production than the unburned site. Significantly higher tissue levels of available K, Ca, and Mg were found on the unburned site than on the burned site; however, when nutrients were expressed in terms of nutrients in tissue per square metre, there were no significant differences between the burned and unburned sites. Spore counts for soil collected from the rhizosphere of little bluestem and randomly on burned and unburned sand prairies decreased from May into summer and then increased in late summer and fall on both sites during the first growing season postburn. Rhizosphere spore numbers were significantly lower on the burned site than on the unburned site in May and June, but they were significantly higher on the burned site in October during the first growing season. The results suggest that the response of VAM fungi to fire may be attributable to changes in the host plant and not due to any direct effect of fire.

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