A morphological comparison of Scirpus acutus and S. validus in southern Manitoba

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (11) ◽  
pp. 2331-2337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer M. Shay ◽  
A. J. Macaulay ◽  
K. A. Frego
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Morphological Comparison ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Scirpus Acutus ◽  
Mixed Populations ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
Light Green

Sixty stands of Scirpus acutus Muhl. and S. validus Vahl from five areas in southern Manitoba were examined to determine (i) whether the two were morphologically distinguishable within the region studied and, if so, (ii) which morphological characters were the most useful to separate them. Thirteen characters were measured on pressed and living specimens. From these, six bimodally distributed characters were objectively selected to calculate a biometric index for each specimen. Mean indices for 56 stands were separable into two groups, indicating that they contained pure populations of one taxon. Three stands had mixed populations, and one contained morphologically intermediate individuals. The two taxa can be consistently identified using a combination of six characters. Scirpus acutus has an inflorescence < 47 mm long, less than seven primary rays, no secondary rays, clusters of more than five spikelets, aerenchymal lacunae < 0.9 mm in diameter, and dark green culms in fresh specimens. In contrast, S. validus has inflorescences > 80 mm long, more than 13 primary rays, secondary, tertiary, and occasionally quaternary rays present, spikelets generally in clusters of one to three, aerenchymal lacunae > 1.5 mm in diameter, and light green culms in fresh specimens. Data from Manitoba populations support their status as separate species.

scholarly journals The Diversity of Breadfruit Plants (Artocarpus Altilis) Based on Morphological Characters

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Helna Estalansa ◽  
Endang Yuniastuti ◽  
Sri Hartati
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
Flesh Colour ◽  
Artocarpus Altilis ◽  
Light Yellow ◽  
Fruit Skin ◽  
Male Flowers ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
Light Green ◽  
Female Flowers

<p>Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) is a plant common are all part of it can be used by humans. The research aims to determine the character of morphological breadfruit and knowing the characterization of morphological breadfruit in Yogyakarta. This research was carried out in June to October 2017 in Sleman Regency (Cangkringan, Ngemplak, Ngaglik), Gunung Kidul (Patuk, Nglipar, Gedangsari), and Bantul (Bantul, Pajangan, Imogiri) in Yogyakarta. Variables are observations include the environmental research and morphology of (trees, leaves, fl owers, and fruits). The data of the morphology are analyzed by NTSYS program. The results showed that the breadfruit trees has a plant height 16,7-17,9 m, the diameter of crown 6,1-8,8 m, shape of crown of the pyramidal, broadly pyramidal, elliptical, irregular, the patterns of branching of erect, opposite, and irregular. The length of leaf 42,2-78,6 cm, width of leaf 30,2-59,2 cm, shape of leaf ovate, and leaf colour dark green. The length of male flowers 9,0-13,4 cm, shape of female flowers globose, shape of male flowers ellipsoid, the colour of female flowers light green, the colour of male flowers light green when young, and brown when old. The length of fruit 12,2 -19,0 cm,diameter of fruit 12,8-16,4 cm, weight of fruit 0,7-1,7 kg, shape of fruit sperical and oblong, fruit skin colour greenish yellow, fruit flesh colour white and light yellow. The diversity of morphology of the breadfruit plants ranging from 3-30%.</p>

scholarly journals Survey and analysis of flowers and ornamental plants at some nurseries in Ho Chi Minh City according to criteria for garden design

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (02) ◽  
pp. 59-68
Author(s):  
Tien T. M. Duong
Keyword(s):  
Species Identification ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Ornamental Plant ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Tree Leaves ◽  
Morphological Comparison ◽  
Garden Design ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
Light Green

This research was carried out from October 2017 to October 2018 at some ornamental plant stores and nurseries in district 7, Go Vap district, district 10, Tan Binh district and Binh Chanh district. These are important ornamental plant trading and producing areas in Ho Chi Minh City. This study aimed to identify and analyse the potentials of using ornamental flowers, plants and trees for garden design. The investigation was conducted through questionnaire surveying, morphological comparison, species identification. The collected data was then statistically analysed. We divided these districts by zones and routes for the invesgation. There were 542 identified ornamental plant species in Ho Chi Minh City. According to the analysis of 7 important groups of ornamental plants such as tree trunks, shape of the tree, leaves, and flower groups, the bonsai pots for interior display, with large leaves, dark green to light green colors, large flowers, height from 0.1 to 1 m and no fragrance is common. Briefly, the obtained results would contribute to the design and construction of gardens in Ho Chi Minh City

The Present Situation and Trend of Green Building Development in China Dongying City

2013 ◽  
Vol 357-360 ◽  
pp. 463-466
Author(s):  
Yu Xi Song
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Present Situation ◽  
Building Industry ◽  
Primary Stage ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
Dongying City ◽  
Common Understanding ◽  
Light Green

In recent years, with the accelerating global resources depletion and increasing environment deterioration,sustainable development has become common understanding of best strategy in long-term development of human being. Green building has been the hottest keyword in building industry. This paper expounds the updated research of green building situation and trend,and investigate the green building development of DongYing City. The results indicated that green building development in China was still in the primary stage,the evaluation of green building would become national popular,the number of certified green building would increase year by year,and the development of green building in China was in the stage from light green to dark green.

scholarly journals A new species of Sacada Walker, 1862 from Thailand (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae, Pyralinae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-77
Author(s):  
Markku J. Pellinen ◽  
Reza Zahiri ◽  
Pasi Sihvonen
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Morphological Comparison ◽  
Northern Thailand ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae ◽  
A New Species

A new species of Sacada from northern Thailand is described: S. chaehomensissp. nov. Pellinen &amp; Zahiri (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae, Pyralinae). Morphological characters and DNA barcode data are provided for the new species, with a morphological comparison to S. dzonguensis and S. umtasorensis, and a DNA-barcode comparison to S. ragonotalis and S. albioculalis, respectively. After this addition, the current number of valid species in the genus Sacada is 43.

Green political philosophy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terence Ball
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
General Rule ◽  
First Century ◽  
Environmental Crisis ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Nature Conservancy ◽  
Ice Caps ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
Light Green ◽  
Wind And Water Erosion

All the major political philosophies have been born of crisis. Green political philosophy is no exception to this general rule. It has emerged from that interconnected series of crises that is often termed ‘the environmental crisis’. As we enter the second decade of the twenty-first century it seems quite clear that the level and degree of environmental degradation and destruction cannot be sustained over the longer term without dire consequences for human and other animal species, and the ecosystems on which all depend. A veritable explosion in the human population, the pollution of air and water, the melting of the polar ice caps and the resulting rise in sea levels, the overfishing of the oceans, the destruction of tropical and temperate rain forests, the extinction of entire species, the depletion of the ozone layer, the build-up of greenhouse gases, global warming, desertification, wind and water erosion of precious topsoil, the disappearance of valuable farmland and wilderness for ‘development’ – these and many other interrelated phenomena provide the backdrop and justification for the ‘greening’ of much of modern political thinking. The task of outlining and summarizing the state of green political philosophy is made more difficult because there is as yet no agreement among ‘green’ political thinkers. Indeed there is, at present, no definitive ‘green political philosophy’ as such. The environmental or green movement is diverse and disparate, and appears in different shades of green. These range from ‘light green’ conservationists to ‘dark green’ deep ecologists, from ecofeminists to social ecologists, from the militant ecoteurs of Earth First!, to the low-keyed gradualists of the Sierra Club and the Nature Conservancy. These groups differ not only over strategy and tactics, but also over fundamental philosophy as well. While there is no single, systematically articulated and agreed-upon green political philosophy, however, there are nonetheless recurring topics, themes, categories and concepts that are surely central to such a political philosophy. These include the idea that humans are part of nature and members of a larger and more inclusive ‘biotic community’ to which they have obligations or duties. This community includes both human and nonhuman animals, and the conditions conducive to their survival and flourishing. Such a community consists, moreover, not only of members who are alive but those who are as yet unborn. A green political philosophy values both biological and cultural diversity, and views sustainability as a standard by which to judge the justness of human actions and practices. Exactly how these themes might fit together to form some larger, systematic and coherent whole is still being worked out.

scholarly journals Synthese und Struktur diastereomerer, zweikerniger Kupferkomplexe [1] / Synthesis and Structure of Diastereomerie Dinuclear Copper Complexes [1]

1994 ◽  
Vol 49 (10) ◽  
pp. 1410-1414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf W. Saalfrank ◽  
Oliver Struck ◽  
Karl Peters ◽  
Hans Georg von Schnering
Keyword(s):  
Structure Analysis ◽  
Copper Complexes ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Dinuclear Copper ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
2D Polymer ◽  
Light Green

Abstract Depolymerisation of a copper(II)/pyrrolidine-based 2D -polymer 2 by 4,4′-bipyridyl [molar ratio: 2 (CuL2) : 1 (Bipy)] and recrystallisation of the reaction product leads to two visually distinguishable crystal charges, composed of dark green octahedra meso-4 and light green rod-shaped crystals racem-5. Separation of the conglomerate of the morphologically different crystals is accomplished by pick out. The structure of the dinuelear complex racem-5 has been established unambigously by X-ray structure analysis. EPR and susceptibility measurements of mixtures of complex meso-4 and racem-5 indicate that there is no interaction be­tween the two copper(II) centres.

The morphology of neurosecretory neurones in the pond snail, Lymnaea stagnalis , by the injection of Procion Yellow and horseradish peroxidase

1980 ◽  
Vol 290 (1042) ◽  
pp. 449-478 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Lymnaea Stagnalis ◽  
Cerebral Ganglion ◽  
Pedal Ganglion ◽  
Axonal Projections ◽  
Procion Yellow ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
Connective Tissue Sheath ◽  
Pleural Ganglion ◽  
Light Green

The morphology of neurosecretory neurones, the Dark Green Cells, Yellow Cells, Yellow-green Cells, Light Green Cells, Caudodorsal Cells and Canopy Cells, in the central nervous system of the snail, Lymnaea stagnalis , was investigated by the intracellular injection of Procion Yellow and, for the Yellow Cells only, of horseradish peroxidase. The cerebral ganglia neurosecretory cells (Light Green Cells, Caudodorsal Cells and Canopy Cells) had discrete neurohaemal organs and their axons projected exclusively to nerves and connectives close to the central nervous system. The Light Green Cells had single, undividing axons, which projected exclusively to the ipsilateral median lip nerve. Hormone release is thought to take place principally from the lateral edges of axons, at various points along their lengths, within the median lip nerve. The Caudodorsal Cells projected to the cerebral commissure, where their axons often branched before terminating at the edge of the neuropil. The degree of axonal branching and the location of the Caudodorsal Cell terminals varied widely in different cells. Axon terminals penetrated the perineurium and travelled for several hundred micrometres within the connective tissue sheath of the cerebral commissure. Again, release of neurosecretory material at various points along their lengths seems likely. The Canopy Cells (a pair of individually identifiable giant cells) had a single axon, which projected to the contralateral cerebral ganglion via the cerebral commissure. Axons of left and right Canopy Cells were closely apposed in the cerebral commissure and this is the likely site of the electrotonic junction known to connect them. Neurohaemal organs for the Caudodorsal Cells are the ipsilateral lateral lobe, cerebral commissure and contralateral median lip nerve. Neurosecretory neurones whose cell bodies were located in the pleural, parietal and visceral ganglia (Yellow Cells, Yellow-green Cells and Dark Green Cells) had extensive non-localized neurohaemal areas in the connective tissue sheath surrounding the central ganglia as well as peripheral nerve projections. The Yellow Cells had one or two axons, which, in neurones located in the visceral and right parietal ganglia, projected extraganglionically to the central sheath or to the intestinal and internal right parietal nerves. These nerve projections are appropriate for the innervation of the kidney, the peripheral target organ of the Yellow Cells. Yellow Cells, located in the pleural ganglia, only had axonal projections to the central sheath. Yellow Cells and Yellow-green Cells had well developed dendritic branching terminating in the central neuropil. Yellow-green Cells project mainly to the anal and external right parietal nerves. Pleural ganglia Dark Green Cells had a few terminals located beneath the perineurium of the pleural ganglia but most of their axonal projections were to peripheral nerves. All Dark Green Cells projected to the ipsilateral pedal ganglion and then to pedal nerves. In addition, some pleural Dark Green Cells had further projections to the internal and external right parietal nerves and median lip nerve of the cerebral ganglion. The widespread distribution of Dark Green Cell axons was consistent with their supposed role in regulating ion and water transport across the skin of the foot and mantle. The electrotonic junctions known to connect Dark Green Cells whose cell bodies are close together on the pleural ganglion surface are located in the pleural ganglion, pleuro-pedal connective and pedal ganglion.

Revison of the Tasmanian genus of freshwater crayfish Astacopsis Huxley (Decapoda : Parastacidae)

1982 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 699 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Swain ◽  
AMM Richardson ◽  
M Hortle
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Species Boundaries ◽  
Freshwater Crayfish ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Animal Size

Astacopsis Huxley is revised by examination of a wide range of morphological characters. The number of species is reduced from four to two by synonymy. Variation in spination is examined in A. franklinii in relation to geographical distribution (based upon the major drainage systems in Tasmania), animal size and habitat; spininess is found to relate predominantly to animal size. The distribution of Astacopsis within Tasmania is greatly extended and previous reports of geographically separate species' boundaries, indicating limited distributions. can no longer be accepted. Synonymies and diagnoses are provided for A. franklinii and A. gouldi, and a key to their identification is presented.

The Taxonomic Status of Littorina Neglecta: A Comment to Grahame, Mill, Double and Hull

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 249-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Johannesson ◽  
B. Johannesson
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Littorina Saxatilis ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Close Coupling ◽  
Allozyme Loci ◽  
North Western ◽  
High Shore

In a short communication Grahame et al. (1992) argue against our finding that Littorina neglecta Bean is an ecotype of Littorina saxatilis (Olivi) rather than a separate species (Johannesson & Johannesson, 1990b). Unfortunately, Grahame et al. (1992) have miss-represented our earlier paper, and we feel the need to refute their arguments.In populations from north-western Europe we studied morphological characters used to separate Littorina neglecta from L. saxatilis. We found that intermediate shapes were common and, furthermore, we found no close coupling among characters used to define L. neglecta (Johannesson & Johannesson, 1990a). We further analysed the genetic variation in five strongly polymorphic allozyme loci. In four loci we found a pattern that indicated that L. neglecta is not reproductively isolated from L. saxatilis. In the fifth locus, Aat-1, we found consistent differences between populations of L. neglecta (from the low shore) and L. saxatilis (from the high shore). Similar differences were observed between low and high shore populations in Sweden where, however, no snails of neglecta-type were present.

Mitochondrial DNA sequence evidence supporting the recognition of a new North Atlantic Pseudostichopus species (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea)

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 1077-1084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco A. Solís-Marín ◽  
David S.M. Billett ◽  
Joanne Preston ◽  
Alex D. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Molecular Study ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Species Status ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
A New Species

A new species of the synallactid sea cucumber genus Pseudostichopus is described, P. aemulatus sp. nov., based on genetic (DNA sequences of the mitochondrial gene Cytochrome Oxidase I [COI] gene) and morphological characters. A comparative molecular study with two other species of the same genus (P. villosus and P. mollis) and from a different family (Isostichopus fuscus) was carried out in order to clarify its taxonomic identity. The nucleotide distance between P. aemulatus sp. nov. and P. villosus and P. mollis is sufficient to support distinct species status. The estimated difference in the number of amino acids, coded for by a partially sequenced COI gene, within the species of the family Synallactidae ranged from 4 to 18. The phylogenetic analysis clearly supports separate species status of these sympatric morphotypes, as indicated by the morphological analysis.

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