Floristic boundaries in the Gulf of St. Lawrence region: a numerical approach based on the moss flora

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 1633-1644 ◽  
Author(s):  
René J. Belland
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Numerical Approach ◽  
Principal Coordinates Analysis ◽  
Cape Breton Island ◽  
Intermediate Composition ◽  
Cape Breton ◽  
Principal Coordinates ◽  
Floristic Change ◽  
East West ◽  
High Diversity

Possible phytogeographic boundaries within the Gulf of St. Lawrence region are examined using the moss floras of 29 smaller geographic units. Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) shows floristic change in the Gulf to be gradual and to follow two major gradients, a north–south gradient and an east–west gradient. These are positively correlated to the distributions of temperate and arctic species, respectively. PCoA ordinations also show no evidence of distinct boundaries between adjacent units, but indicate that Cape Breton Island and Gaspé Peninsula have floras of intermediate composition to those of the Maritimes and Newfoundland. Randomly generating floras for adjacent units using Monte Carlo simulation supports the results obtained from PCoA. The real Jaccard similarities between adjacent units are found to be greater than those expected from simulation. The lack of distinct boundaries in the Gulf of St. Lawrence region is attributed to the high diversity of species distributions possible in a region with complex environmental gradients.

scholarly journals Population genetics in the homothallic lichen-forming ascomycete Xanthoria parietina

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 751-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz ITTEN ◽  
Rosmarie HONEGGER
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Principal Coordinates Analysis ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Principal Coordinates ◽  
Rapd Pcr ◽  
Xanthoria Parietina ◽  
Urban Sites ◽  
Subspecific Level ◽  
High Diversity

AbstractThe genetic diversity within and among populations of Xanthoria parietina was studied at the subspecific level with a fingerprinting technique (RAPD-PCR) applied to sterile cultured multispore isolates, each being derived from a single apothecium. Populations from coastal, rural and urban sites from NW, SW and central France and from NE Switzerland were investigated. Between 1 and 8 microsites of a few decimetres square, each comprising 13 to 27 thalli of X. parietina, were analysed per population. A total of 132 isolates from epiphytic and 3 isolates from epilithic specimens were investigated. Phenotypic variation was recorded among some of the thalli in the field and among sterile cultured isolates in the laboratory. A high diversity of genotypes was observed, even among thalli growing side by side in phenotypically homogenous populations. An average of 73·5 % polymorphism was found in all samples. As shown with Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCO), most of the genetic variation (90%) resided within, not among, populations. As X. parietina had previously been shown with molecular and fingerprinting techniques to be homothallic, the potential genetic background of this diversity is discussed. Intense genotype rather than gene (allele) flow seems to be an important element in X. parietina populations.

scholarly journals Vegetation of the coastal fynbos and rocky headlands south of George, South Africa

Bothalia ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. Hoare ◽  
J. E. Victor ◽  
R. A. Lubke
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Salt Spray ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Principal Coordinates Analysis ◽  
Alien Plant ◽  
Sociological Approach ◽  
Principal Coordinates ◽  
Standard Sampling ◽  
Sampling Procedures ◽  
Direct Recognition

Community structure and composition of the coastal fynbos and rocky headland plant communities south of George, southern Cape, were studied. Vegetation was analysed using standard sampling procedures of the floristic-sociological approach of Braun-Blanquet. The releve data were subject to TWIN SPAN-based divisive classification, and ordinated by Principal Coordinates Analysis with the aim to identify vegetation coenocline subsequently interpreted in terms of under­lying environmental gradients. Most of the sampled vegetation was classified as coastal fynbos. The  Leucadendron salignum-Tetraria cuspidata Fynbos Community was found to occupy sheltered habitats, whereas the  Relhania calyci- na-Passerina vulgaris Fynbos Community was found in exposed habitats The other two communities characterise strong­ly exposed rocky headlands. The Pterocelastrus tricuspidatus-Ruschia tenella Community is wind-sheared scrub, and the Gazania rigens- Limonium scabrum Rocky Headland Community is a loose-canopy, low-grown herbland, characterised by the occurrence of partly salt-tolerant and succulent herbs. The ordination of the fynbos communities revealed a horseshoe structure allowing a direct recognition of a coenocline spanning two fynbos communities along the Axis 1 interpreted in terms of exposure to wind and salt spray. A considerable amount of alien plant infestation was also present. This appears to be the largest threat to the continued existence of this coastal fynbos.

Seaward extension of the Canadian Appalachians

1968 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Sheridan ◽  
Charles L. Drake
Keyword(s):  
Continental Slope ◽  
Seismic Refraction ◽  
Seismic Velocities ◽  
Crustal Layer ◽  
Cape Breton Island ◽  
Cape Breton ◽  
Acadian Orogeny ◽  
Basement Ridge ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
East West

The subsurface geology of the Gulf of St. Lawrence and of the continental shelf off Nova Scotia and Newfoundland is interpreted primarily from the results of 37 seismic-refraction profiles. The Gulf of St. Lawrence is underlain by more than 7 km of Carboniferous sediments deposited in an east–west-trending trough. Another important Carboniferous section about 5 km thick is observed northeast of Cape Breton Island in the Laurentian Channel. The Carboniferous trough north of Cape Breton Island swings irregularly east and south around a basement ridge and may hook into the deep east–west-trending Carboniferous trough extending out of Chedabucto Bay. The Gulf sedimentary basin is separated from the trough north of Cape Breton Island by a sharp rise in basement across Cabot Strait.Northeast of Newfoundland the pre-Upper Pennsylvanian basement plunges to deeper than 6 km in the area of the continental slope. A northeast–southwest-trending seaward-opening sediment-filled trough more than 5 km deep is revealed by the configuration of this basement northeast of the Avalon Peninsula.Seismic-refraction profiles across the Gulf of St. Lawrence between western Newfoundland and Quebec show no indication of rifting or the rotation of Newfoundland away from Quebec. Refraction profiles across the northeast rim of the Laurentian Channel indicate that the rim is erosional in origin and that the basement horizons pass continuously beneath.The seaward extension of the zone affected by the Acadian orogeny is characterized by highly metamorphosed basement with higher seismic velocities, 6.0–6.6 km/s, than the surrounding areas. Limited data northeast of Newfoundland indicate that these high velocities decrease gradually and suggest that the influence of the Acadian orogeny dies away about half way across the shelf.The seaward extension of the Taconic orogenic zone is characterized by an intermediate crustal layer, 6.6–7.6 km/s, at depths of 3–12 km. This intermediate layer continues intact all the way to the continental slope northeast of Newfoundland. It was not observed on the Labrador shelf, suggesting that the Appalachians continued straight rather than remaining marginal to North America.It is postulated that the Devonian (Acadian) orogenic belt was not continuous with a corresponding European orogen, but that the Ordovician (Taconic) orogeny may have persisted across into Europe. If this is correct, it implies the existence of a major rift at the Newfoundland slope during middle and late Paleozoic times.

Culinary tourism on Cape Breton Island

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erna MacLeod
Keyword(s):  
Tourism Destination ◽  
Cape Breton Island ◽  
Culinary Tourism ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
Cape Breton ◽  
Local Stakeholders ◽  
Resilient Communities ◽  
World Class ◽  
Ecological Relations ◽  
Developed World

Cape Breton Island is a well-known North American tourism destination with long-standing attractions such as the Cabot Trail and more recently developed world-class offerings such as the Cabot Links Golf Course. Tourism contributes significantly to Cape Breton’s economy, particularly since the mid-20th century as traditional resource-based industries have declined. In the 21st century, culinary tourism has become increasingly important to expand the island’s tourism offerings and to provide “authentic” tourism experiences. This study examines local-food tourism in Cape Breton to illuminate its cultural and economic significance. I conducted interviews with food producers, restaurateurs, government representatives, and tourism executives. I also consulted websites and policy documents and compared local stakeholders’ experiences and perspectives with official tourism strategies. Promoting culinary tourism raises questions of power, autonomy, inclusion, and accountability. My study accentuates possibilities for aligning economic and ecological goals to create resilient communities, foster equitable social and ecological relations, and establish Cape Breton as a culinary tourism destination.

Cape Breton ruby, a new Canadian gemstone discovery, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia

2007 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 279-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Mossman ◽  
James D. Duivenvoorden ◽  
Fenton M. Isenor
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Cape Breton Island ◽  
Cape Breton

scholarly journals Genotyping of Two Mediterranean Trout Populations in Central-Southern Italy for Conservation Purposes Using a Rainbow-Trout-Derived SNP Array

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1803
Author(s):  
Valentino Palombo ◽  
Elena De Zio ◽  
Giovanna Salvatore ◽  
Stefano Esposito ◽  
Nicolaia Iaffaldano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Fishery Management ◽  
Snp Array ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Principal Coordinates Analysis ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Principal Coordinates ◽  
Mediterranean Trout

Mediterranean trout is a freshwater fish of particular interest with economic significance for fishery management, aquaculture and conservation biology. Unfortunately, native trout populations’ abundance is significantly threatened by anthropogenic disturbance. The introduction of commercial hatchery strains for recreation activities has compromised the genetic integrity status of native populations. This work assessed the fine-scale genetic structure of Mediterranean trout in the two main rivers of Molise region (Italy) to support conservation actions. In total, 288 specimens were caught in 28 different sites (14 per basins) and genotyped using the Affymetrix 57 K rainbow-trout-derived SNP array. Population differentiation was analyzed using pairwise weighted FST and overall F-statistic estimated by locus-by-locus analysis of molecular variance. Furthermore, an SNP data set was processed through principal coordinates analysis, discriminant analysis of principal components and admixture Bayesian clustering analysis. Firstly, our results demonstrated that rainbow trout SNP array can be successfully used for Mediterranean trout genotyping. In fact, despite an overwhelming number of loci that resulted as monomorphic in our populations, it must be emphasized that the resulted number of polymorphic loci (i.e., ~900 SNPs) has been sufficient to reveal a fine-scale genetic structure in the investigated populations, which is useful in supporting conservation and management actions. In particular, our findings allowed us to select candidate sites for the collection of adults, needed for the production of genetically pure juvenile trout, and sites to carry out the eradication of alien trout and successive re-introduction of native trout.

scholarly journals Tree Species Diversity and Composition of Miombo Woodlands in South-Central Angola: A Chronosequence of Forest Recovery after Shifting Cultivation

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco M. P. Gonçalves ◽  
Rasmus Revermann ◽  
Amândio L. Gomes ◽  
Marcos P. M. Aidar ◽  
Manfred Finckh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shifting Cultivation ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Distinct Group ◽  
Forest Recovery ◽  
Miombo Woodlands ◽  
Principal Coordinates Analysis ◽  
South Central ◽  
Principal Coordinates ◽  
Management Plans

The study was carried out in the Cusseque area of the Municipality of Chitembo in south-central Angola. Our objectives were to assess the floristic diversity, the species composition, and stand structure of Miombo woodlands during regeneration after shifting cultivation. A total of 40 plots of 1000 m2were surveyed and analyzed, corresponding to mature forests/woodlands and three fallow types of different age. The analyses were based on plot inventories of all trees with DBH ≥ 5 cm. A total of 51 woody species, 38 genera, and 19 families were recorded. The dominant family was Fabaceae, with subfamily Caesalpinioideae being very abundant. Shannon Diversity and Evenness were highest in mature forests and young fallows, while the mature forest stands showed the highest species richness. A Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCoA) showed many species shared between the intermediate fallow types, but only few species were shared with young fallows. Mature forests formed a clearly distinct group. This study shows potential pathways of forest recovery in terms of faster regeneration after agricultural abandonment and, thus, the results presented here can be used in future conservation and management plans in order to reduce the pressure on mature forests.

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