Climate and annual ring growth of black spruce in some Alberta peatlands

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 1885-1889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. L. Dang ◽  
V. J. Lieffers
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Annual Ring ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Summer Precipitation ◽  
Temperature Data ◽  
Positive Linear Correlation ◽  
Maximum Temperatures

The long-term relationship between climate and tree-ring growth in black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) was determined in two peatland sites near Slave Lake, Alberta. At each site, 15 dominant – codominant black spruce were sampled for tree-ring growth at 30 cm height. The tree-ring indices for each site were related to precipitation and temperature data from Slave Lake. It was found that (i) tree-ring indices were positively correlated with June – August precipitation of the current year and of the 1st and 2nd years prior to the current year; (ii) June – August maximum temperatures of the current year and of the 1st and 2nd years prior to the current year were negatively correlated with tree-ring indices; (iii) tree-ring indices had a positive linear correlation with the June – August minimum temperature of the current year and polynomial correlations with June – August minimum temperatures of the 1st and 2nd years prior to the current year; and (iv) summer precipitation values greater than 325 mm probably had a negative impact upon the tree-ring growth. Maximum and minimum temperatures, however, were intercorrelated with precipitation. Key words: dendrochronology, climate, tree rings, peatlands, mire.

scholarly journals A 2233-year tree-ring chronology of subarctic black spruce (Picea mariana): growth forms response to long-term climate change

Ecoscience ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Ann Delwaide ◽  
Hugo Asselin ◽  
Dominique Arseneault ◽  
Claude Lavoie ◽  
Serge Payette
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Growth Forms ◽  
Tree Ring Chronology

Tree-ring patterns in stems and root systems of black spruce (Picea mariana) caused by spruce budworms

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 1583-1591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelia Krause ◽  
Hubert Morin
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Tree Ring Width ◽  
Growth Reduction

Radial growth along the stems and root systems of black spruce trees (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) was examined to determine the effects of spruce budworm defoliation. A mixed conifer and pure black spruce stand located in the boreal zone of Quebec, Canada were sampled. Following defoliation, dendrochronological analyses revealed the percent growth reduction in the ring width at different stem heights and throughout the root system. Ring widths of black spruce were found to be reduced during the last three spruce budworm outbreaks. The reduction of the tree-ring width after spruce budworm outbreaks started first in the crown region and was followed by reduction at the stem base. For the whole root system, the ring-width index exhibited a decrease. The root system showed a high sensitivity to defoliation by spruce budworm. Inside the root system, the growth reduction after a spruce budworm outbreak was variable in each root branch. The growth decrease of the pure black spruce stand was less intensive than in the mixed stand.

scholarly journals Natural root grafting in Picea mariana to cope with spruce budworm outbreaks

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 1059-1066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto L. Salomón ◽  
Emilie Tarroux ◽  
Annie DesRochers
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Carbon Supply ◽  
Root Grafting ◽  
Root Grafts

Spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana Clem.) outbreaks cause extensive mortality and growth reductions throughout boreal forests in eastern North America. As tree vulnerability to defoliation remains partially unexplained by tree and stand attributes, we hypothesized that root grafting might attenuate the negative impact of severe defoliation in tree growth. Two experimental sites in the Abitibi-Témiscamingue region dominated by black spruce (Picea mariana Mill.) were harvested and hydraulically excavated to study tree growth in 36 trees in relation to root grafting and the last spruce budworm outbreak using dendroecological methods. Root grafts reduced the negative effects of defoliation by maintaining stable growth in connected trees during epidemic periods. Among dominant trees, growth releases immediately after the outbreak were uniquely observed in grafted trees. Among suppressed trees, grafted trees tended to grow more than non-grafted trees when defoliation severity was the highest. Carbohydrate transfers through root grafts and enhanced efficiency to acquire resources may explain the better performance of grafted trees under scenarios of limited carbon supply. This study reinforces the growing body of literature that suggests root grafting as a cooperative strategy to withstand severe disturbances and highlights the key role of root grafting in stand dynamics to cope with periodic outbreaks.

scholarly journals Long-term effects of peatland black spruce regeneration treatments in northeastern Ontario

2005 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Groot ◽  
Michael J Adams
Keyword(s):  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Site Class ◽  
Advance Regeneration ◽  
Rate Effects

Studies of black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) broadcast seeding and of harvest methods for advance regeneration protection were remeasured 17 to 20 years after establishment on peatland sites in northeastern Ontario. The effects of seeding rate on black spruce stocking, density or basal area were apparent at two study locations 20 years after treatment, but high levels of advance regeneration masked seeding rate effects at two other study locations. The effects of different harvest methods on black spruce stocking, density and basal area, which were evident at earlier ages, were no longer statistically significant 17 to 19 years after treatment. Black spruce density increased moderately with time because of gradual recruitment of new seedlings. Density of black spruce stems taller than 1.3 m tall exceeded 4000 ha-1 for nearly all treatments, but these stems were spatially aggregated at the 4-m2 scale. The stand characteristics of these regenerated peatland stands are consistent with site class 2 stands in the Ontario normal yield tables. Key words: black spruce; Picea mariana; advance regeneration; direct seeding; regeneration; peatland; stand dynamics

Spatial analysis of black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) radial growth response to climate in northern Québec – Labrador Peninsula, Canada

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Nicault ◽  
E. Boucher ◽  
D. Tapsoba ◽  
D. Arseneault ◽  
F. Berninger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Spatial Scale ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Tree Rings ◽  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Large Spatial Scale

The aim of this study is to analyze the relationships between black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) growth and climate at a large spatial scale in North America’s northeastern boreal forest. The study area (approximately 700 000 km2) is located in the taiga zone of the Quebec – Labrador Peninsula. A network of tree-ring chronologies from 93 black spruce populations was developed. A hierarchical cluster analysis was conducted to analyze tree-ring series affinities, and response functions were calculated to analyze relationships between tree rings and climate. The cluster analysis results showed well-marked spatial affinities among the tree-ring series. These affinities were strongly linked with the spatial variability of the relationships between tree rings and climate. The interannual growth variations were governed mainly by the temperature variables that preceded the growing season (November (negative influence), December–January (positive influence), and April (positive influence)). The growing-season temperature (July temperature) mainly influenced the northernmost populations. Relationships between tree rings and climate in the northeastern boreal forest varied at a large spatial scale. This variability was expressed by a north–south contrast, which appears to be related to a temperature gradient, and an east–west contrast linked to a humidity gradient, which favors winter snow cover.

Latitudinal variation in tree-ring and wood cell characteristics of Picea mariana across the continuous boreal forest in Quebec

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1397-1405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Luc St-Germain ◽  
Cornelia Krause
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Cell Wall Thickness ◽  
Cell Numbers ◽  
Tracheid Length

Wood anatomical features measured in tree-rings are useful indicators of environmental change and wood quality. The effect of latitude on the wood anatomy of mature black spruce ( Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) was investigated along a 500 km transect from 47°N to 52°N across the continuous boreal forest in Quebec, Canada. Total tree-ring width, earlywood width, latewood width, latewood proportion, cell numbers, tracheid length, radial diameter, lumen diameter, and cell wall thickness were measured using image analysis on samples from 15 mature stands. Our results suggest that tree-ring, earlywood, and latewood widths, cell numbers, latewood radial cell diameter, and cell wall thickness decrease with latitude. No significant trend was observed for latewood proportion, despite a slight increase with latitude (p = 0.0856). However, the high variability in radial growth seen along the gradient might explain the absence of a significant relationship. Latitude and the associated growth rate reduction had no effect on tracheid length. The existence of a latitudinal pattern of variation in black spruce wood anatomy may be the result of tree adaptation to differing environmental conditions along the gradient.

scholarly journals Influence du gauchissement de semis d'épinette noire (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) produits en serre sur leur performance en plantation

1992 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Béland ◽  
Jean Lapierre
Keyword(s):  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Stem Deformation

Spiralization is a developmental deformation in winter greenhouse produced black spruce seedlings characterized by a drooping stem or portion of stem. During lignification, the seedling redresses but maintains part of its deformation. The objective of this study is to evaluate the long-term effect of spiralization on the growth, survival and morphology of black spruce seedlings in order to determine to what degree the rejection of spiralized seedlings is justified. Field evaluation was undertaken on 2304 black spruce seedlings planted on three sites with different soil conditions in Abitibi, Québec. The seedlings were divided in the greenhouse into six stem deformation classes of varying intensities, including a control, and laid out on a randomized complete block design. From 1986, the year of plantation, to 1990, spiralization had little effect on height and diameter growth. However, severely deformed seedlings planted on a heavy-textured site suffered sufficiently high mortality rates to justify their rejection. Moreover, these seedlings developed a higher proportion of double leaders. The study suggests that systematic rejection of all classes of deformed seedlings, especially those in the less severe classes, is probably not justified. Key words: Spiralization, stem deformation, seedlings, planting, black spruce, greenhouse, early growth, mortality.

scholarly journals Precipitation as a factor triggering landslide activity in the Kamień massif (Beskid Niski Mts, Western Carpathians)

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Papciak ◽  
Ireneusz Malik ◽  
Kazimierz Krzemień ◽  
Małgorzata Wistuba ◽  
Elżbieta Gorczyca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Summer Precipitation ◽  
Western Carpathians ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Landslide Activity ◽  
Winter Half ◽  
High Precipitation ◽  
Landslide Slope ◽  
Preceding Winter

Abstract On the landslide slope in the Beskid Niski Mts (Western Carpathians) 48 silver firs were cored for dendrochronological samples. Tree-ring widths were measured for the upslope and downslope sides of each stem. Events of landslide activity were dated using the method of the eccentricity index. The tree-ring record of landsliding was compared with the occurrence of precipitation in the study area. The nature of the relation between precipitation and landsliding is complex. We have found a statistically significant correlation between landsliding and the number of days with 24-hour precipitation totals above 20 mm and high 3-, 5-, and 10-day precipitation totals during winter half-years. Thus landsliding in the Kamień massif is triggered mainly by high precipitation totals in the preceding winter period. No such relation was found for annual precipitation totals and different types of precipitation totals in the summer period. Single landsliding events related to high summer precipitation totals were found, but the correlation is not statistically significant. In addition some landsliding events are 1–2 years lagged after the occurrence of high long-term precipitation totals. It seems that the strongest landsliding events resulted from sequences of wet summer, wet winter and once again wet summer seasons directly following one another.

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