Extrafloral nectaries in the tropical tree Guarea macrophylla (Meliaceae)

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. P. C. Morellato ◽  
P. S. Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
First Record ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Extrafloral Nectaries ◽  
Tropical Tree ◽  
Extrafloral Nectar ◽  
Taxonomic Character ◽  
Abaxial Surface

This paper describes the anatomy and morphology of the complex nectary systems of the tropical tree Guarea macrophylla Vahl (Meliaceae) and presents the first record of extrafloral nectaries occurring on reproductive organs (fruits) of a member of the order Sapindales. The extrafloral nectaries of G. macrophylla occur on petioles, petiolules, the abaxial surface of all leaflets, leaf buds, and over the surface of fruits. All extrafloral nectaries are distinctly raised above the surface. Foraging ants collect extrafloral nectar on Guarea trees both day and night. We suggest that the presence of extrafloral nectaries might be a useful taxonomic character for the identification of Guarea species. Key words: Guarea, Meliaceae, extrafloral nectaries, ants.

scholarly journals Imposex in endemic volutid from Northeast Brazil (Mollusca: Gastropoda)

2008 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 1065-1069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ítalo Braga de Castro ◽  
Carlos Augusto Oliveira de Meirelles ◽  
Helena Matthews-Cascon ◽  
Cristina de Almeida Rocha-Barreira ◽  
Pablo Penchaszadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
First Record ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Organotin Compounds ◽  
Northeast Brazil ◽  
Gastropod Species ◽  
Antifouling Paints ◽  
Tin Compounds ◽  
Stramonita Haemastoma ◽  
Mollusk Species ◽  
Female Reproductive Organs

Imposex is characterized by the development of masculine sexual organs in neogastropod females. Almost 120 mollusk species are known to present imposex when exposed to organic tin compounds as tributyltin (TBT) and triphenyltin (TPT). These compounds are used as biocide agents in antifouling paints to prevent the incrustations on boats. Five gastropod species are known to present imposex in Brazil: Stramonita haemastoma, Stramonita rustica, Leucozonia nassa, Cymathium parthenopeum and Olivancillaria vesica. This paper reports the first record of imposex observed in the endemic gastropod Voluta ebraea from Pacheco Beach, Northeast Brazil. Animals presenting imposex had regular female reproductive organs (capsule gland, oviduct and sperm-ingesting gland) and an abnormal penis. As imposex occurs in mollusks exposed to organotin compounds typically found at harbors, marinas, shipyards and areas with high shipping activities, probably contamination of Pacheco Beach is a consequence of a shipyard activity located in the nearest areas.

scholarly journals DEPREDACIÓN DE Saguinus leucopus (MAMMALIA: PRIMATES) SOBRE Phyllomedusa venusta (ANURA: HYLIDAE) EN EL DEPARTAMENTO DE CALDAS, COLOMBIA

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Andrés Arias Alzate ◽  
Juan D. Sanchez Londoño ◽  
Juan M. Daza ◽  
José F. González Maya
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
First Record ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Amphibian Species ◽  
Ecological Information ◽  
History Of ◽  
Dietary Component

AbstractThe Silvery-brown Tamarin, Saguinus leucopus, is a primate species from the Callitrichidae family, endemic to Colombia, and that has very little ecological information. Here we report on a new dietary component for the species from Departamento de Caldas, Colombia, been the first record of S. leucopus predating an amphibian species (Phyllomedusa venusta). Despite some records exist about tamarin predation on amphibians, this is the first for this endemic species, and it is probably related with its foraging type. This record represents a noteworthy record and contributes to the knowledge of the natural history of this species. Key words: Andes, Callitrichidae, Colombia, Diet, Primates, Predation.Palabras clave: Andes, Callitrichidae, Colombia, Depredación, Dieta, Primates

scholarly journals Attraction of flower visitors to plants that express indirect defence can minimize ecological costs of ant–pollinator conflicts

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 555-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johnattan Hernández-Cumplido ◽  
Betty Benrey ◽  
Martin Heil
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Extrafloral Nectaries ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Extrafloral Nectar ◽  
Indirect Defence ◽  
Flower Visitors ◽  
Antagonistic Interactions

Thousands of plant species throughout tropical and temperate zones secrete extrafloral nectar (EFN) (see www.biosci.unl.edu/emeriti/keeler/extrafloral/worldlistfamilies.htm) to attract ants, whose presence leads to an indirect defence against herbivores (Chamberlain & Holland 2009, Heil 2008, Heil & McKey 2003, Rico-Gray & Oliveira 2007). Although termed ‘extrafloral’ because the nectar is not involved in pollination, EFN can also be secreted within the inflorescences (Bentley 1977, Holland et al. 2010, Martins 2009). Because ants tend to defend reliable food sources against all types of putative competitors, it has been hypothesized that the presence of extrafloral nectaries close to flowers may lead to competition among ants and pollinators, or even to direct ant–pollinator conflicts. Such antagonistic interactions would reduce the access of pollinators to flowers and, thereby, may cause significant ‘ecological costs’ of indirect, ant-mediated defences (Heil 2002).

Extrafloral nectaries in Combretaceae: morphology, anatomy and taxonomic significance

Bothalia ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Tilney ◽  
A. E. Van Wyk
Keyword(s):  
Species Level ◽  
Extrafloral Nectaries ◽  
Small Cells ◽  
Extrafloral Nectar ◽  
Taxonomic Significance ◽  
Sugar Composition ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
The Family

Extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) in members of the Combretaceae are nectaries not involved with pollination and occurring on vegetative structures; they are believed to attract ants to protect plants against herbivorv by other insects. In the Combretaceae EFNs are reported in species of Terminalia L. and Pteleopsis Engl., putative EFNs in Meiostemon Exell Stace and Quisqualis L., and an absence of EFNs in Combretum Loefl. and Lumnitzera Willd. EFNs in the family are generally spherical in shape and may be raised, level with the surface or somewhat concave. They are similar in the Terminalia and  Pteleopsis species where they display varying degrees of internal zonation and are composed of small cells; those species observed in the field were all found to have functional EFNs. In Meiostemon tetrandrum (Exell) Exell Stace, Quisqualis indica L.. Q. littorea (Engl.) Exell and Q. paviflora Gerrard ex Sond.. apparent EFNs lack internal zonation and are composed of enlarged cells; confirmation is required as to whether these are functional . The formation of EFNs appears to be highly flexible. They are usually essentially associated with new growth but their occurrence is sporadic and they do not appear on every leaf or every' branch of a plant. The distribution of EFNs on leaves, when present, is of taxonomic significance to separate species of Pteleopsis and Terminalia: otherwise the presence or absence and distribution of EFNs are too variable and sporadic in occurrence to be of taxonomic significance at the species level. Indiscriminate use of the terms gland and domatium instead of EFN. and possible confusion with damage caused by other organisms, has probably con­tributed to many of these structures not previously being recorded as EFNs. Floral and extrafloral nectar samples of T. phanerophlebia Engl. Diels differed in sugar composition.

Manipulus Guttiferarum, II. First record of Clusia ucamira (Clusiaceae) from Venezuelan Guayana

Phytotaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 292 (1) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
JOSÉ RAMÓN GRANDE ALLENDE
Keyword(s):  
Amazon Basin ◽  
First Record ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Terra Firme ◽  
Abaxial Surface ◽  
Iucn Red List Categories ◽  
Guayana Shield ◽  
Amazonas State ◽  
First Time

As part of a review in progress on the genus Clusia Linnaeus in Venezuela, Clusia ucamira J.E. Nascim. & Bittrich is reported for the first time for that country. Clusia ucamira is quickly distinguished from similar species of Clusia sect. Oedematopus (Planchon & Triana) Pipoly by its hemiepiphitic habit, strongly coriaceous and conspicuously revolute leaves, with a very prominent midvein in the abaxial surface. With this range extension, Clusia ucamira is known, besides from the Amazon basin, from terra firme forest in the Amazonas state of Venezuela, where it grows in oligotrophic soils derived from materials from the Guayana Shield. In Venezuela, this species is to be considered Least Concerned (LC), according to the IUCN Red List categories.

Satellite DNA in the ant Messor structor (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)

Genome ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 881-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Lorite ◽  
MF García ◽  
T Palomeque
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Repetitive Dna ◽  
Tandem Repeat ◽  
Satellite Dna ◽  
Restriction Analysis ◽  
First Record ◽  
Satellite Dnas ◽  
Total Dna

This paper is the first record of the satellite DNA of Formicidae. The satellite DNA of the ant Messor structor is organized in a tandem repeat of monomers of 79 bp. Like satellite DNAs of other insects, it is AT rich and presents direct and inverted internal repeats. Restriction analysis of the total DNA with methylation-sensitive enzymes strongly suggests that this DNA is undermethylated. The presence of this repetitive DNA in other species of the genus Messor is also tested. Key words: Formicidae, methylation, nucleotide DNA composition, satellite DNA.

Pollen morphology and taxonomy in North American Labiatae

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 975-995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Claude G. Trudel ◽  
J. K. Morton
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Key Words ◽  
North American ◽  
Pollen Morphology ◽  
Taxonomic Character ◽  
The North ◽  
Primary Basis ◽  
Sem Studies

Pollen morphology is described and illustrated based on SEM studies of 118 species of Labiatae (Lamiaceae) native to North America. These include representatives of all the 36 native genera. Pollen in this family is subspheroidal and either tricolpate (subfamily Lamioideae) or hexacolpate (subfamily Nepetoideae). In most of the genera and species, the tectum is conspicuously perforated with or without a supratectal reticulum. A key to facilitate identification of the pollen of the North American Labiatae is provided. The value of pollen as a taxonomic character in this family is discussed. Pollen provides the primary basis for recognition of subfamilies in the Labiatae, but at the tribal level only the Ajugeae has distinctive pollen. Several genera, notably Collinsonia, Salvia, Teucrium, and Trichostema, have pollen that is very different from other genera in this study. At the infrageneric level pollen provides valuable taxonomic characters in several genera, notably Hyptis, Monardella, Salvia, Stachys, Teucrium, and Trichostema. Key words: Labiatae, Lamiaceae, pollen, SEM, North America.

Extrafloral Nectaries in Chamelaucium uncinatum: a First Record in the Myrtaceae

1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 407 ◽  
Author(s):  
SP Obrien
Keyword(s):  
First Record ◽  
Extrafloral Nectaries ◽  
First Time ◽  
Chamelaucium Uncinatum

The morphology and anatomy of cryptic extrafloral nectaries are described in Chamelaucium uncinatum Schauer. This is the first time these nectaries have been recorded in the Myrtaceae. Extrafloral nectaries occur in all leaf axils and secrete nectar continuously until the stem to which the leaf is attached becomes woody. Bees and flies visit the nectaries and collect nectar. Possible reasons for the evolution of extrafloral nectaries in C. uncinatum are discussed.

First record of Turnera ulmifolia L. (Turneraceae) as introduced in Brazil

Phytotaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 449 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-199
Author(s):  
LAMARCK ROCHA
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Central America ◽  
First Record ◽  
Extrafloral Nectaries ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Caribbean Islands ◽  
Turnera Ulmifolia

The first record of Turnera ulmifolia (Turneraceae) for Brazil is presented here. The species occurs mainly in SE Mexico, Central America and Caribbean islands, with only one record from South America. It can be recognized by ovoid and foliaceous prophylls, with serrate margins and laciniate appendages and/or extrafloral nectaries, showy flowers with yellow petals, without basal spot. Taxonomic comments, a distribution map and photographs of the species are provided.

First record of female intersex in Hirschmanniella shamimi Ahmad, 1972 (Nematoda: Pratylenchidae), with a checklist of intersexes in plant nematodes

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 1973 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
KAN ZHUO ◽  
JINLING LIAO ◽  
RUQIANG CUI ◽  
YUZHONG LI
Keyword(s):  
Guangdong Province ◽  
First Record ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Rice Roots ◽  
First Time ◽  
Female Reproductive Organs

Two intersexes of Hirschmanniella shamimi are described and illustrated for the first time from soil samples around rice roots in Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China. The two intersexes have developed female reproductive organs as well as rudimentary male sexual characters. A checklist of intersexes in plant nematodes is also given here.

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