Endomycorrhizal status of sugar maple in relation to tree decline and foliar, fine-roots, and soil chemistry in the Beauce region, Quebec

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (8) ◽  
pp. 1168-1175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rock Ouimet ◽  
Claude Camiré ◽  
Valentin Furlan
Keyword(s):  
Soil Chemistry ◽  
Fine Roots ◽  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Tree Decline

The Beauce region of Quebec has been relentlessly affected by sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) tree decline since the late 1970s. Nutrient disturbances are generally associated with maple decline, but the severity of decline symptoms can vary quite dramatically between individuals within a stand. Possible causes of this variability were investigated, including soil chemistry and endomycorrhization. Within 18 mature sugar maple stands, a comparative study of fine root colonization rate by endomycorrhizal fungi, and foliar, fine-roots, and soil-nutrient status between healthy and declining sugar maple trees was carried out. Three individuals showing a very low degree of decline symptoms (healthy) and three individuals in the vicinity exhibiting severe decline symptoms (declining) were selected in each stand. Although trees of both health classes were K and Ca deficient, the diagnosis revealed that those in the declining group were experiencing a more severe nutrient stress and lower stem radial growth than those in the healthy group. The percent colonization by endomycorrhizal fungi in fine roots of sugar maple varied from 8 to 40% among stands, with an average of 23%. However, the endomycorrhization rate was not related to tree health status. The frequency of endomycorrhization was positively correlated to soil pH and soil exchangeable Mg saturation, but negatively to the proportion of H + Al held on the soil exchange complex. Also, the rate of endomycorrhization was correlated positively to foliar and root Ca content, but negatively to foliar and root N content. Foliar N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and Mn contents were positively correlated to corresponding nutrient content in fine roots. Fine-root chemistry was only partly related to soil chemistry. Declining trees had a lower foliar K content and a lower P and Ca content in fine roots than healthy ones. The results do not support the hypothesis that sugar maple decline and its disturbed nutrient status is associated with lower colonization by endomycorrhizal fungi in fine roots. They suggest, however, that soil chemical properties, particularly the soil composition in cations, regulates fine-root colonization by endomycorrhizal fungi and sugar maple nutrition and health. These results can neither confirm nor invalidate the hypothesis according to which a deleterious microbial population may have colonized the soil under declining trees. Key words: Acer saccharum, soil cation saturation, forest decline, nutrient status, fine root, endomycorrhizae.

Fine root biomass and nutrient content in a black spruce peat soil with and without alder

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Bhatti ◽  
N. W. Foster ◽  
P. W. Hazlett
Keyword(s):  
Fine Roots ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Fine Root Biomass ◽  
Boreal Peatlands ◽  
Strong Positive Relationship

Vertical distribution of fine root biomass and nutrient content was examined within a black spruce (Picea mariana) stand growing on a boreal peat soil in northeastern Ontario. The influence of site physical and chemical properties on fine root biomass production was assessed. More then 80% of the fine roots were present in moss plus the top 10 cm of peat where nutrients and aeration are most favourable. The fine root biomass (W/V) was significantly higher with alder (5.9 kg m−3) (Alnus rugosa) as understory vegetation compared to non-alder locations (2.9 kg m−3). Total nutrient content in fine roots was 54, 3.2, 5.4, 63 and 5.7 kg ha−1 on the alder site and 20, 1.4, 2.3, 28 and 4.2 kg ha−1 of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg on the non-alder site, respectively. The mass (W/V) of nutrients in fine roots was strongly dependent upon the availability of nutrients in the peat. Fine root content had a strong positive relationship with peat available P and exchangeable K contents suggesting that P and K may be limiting nutrients for black spruce in this peat soil. Key words: Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, boreal peatlands, aeration, water table

scholarly journals Desiccation Tolerance of Green Ash and Sugar Maple Fine Roots

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 229-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary W. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Fine Roots ◽  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Fraxinus Pennsylvanica ◽  
Green Ash ◽  
Root Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Bare Root

Abstract Exposed fine roots are subject to desiccation, which may affect their survival as well as new root growth following bare root transplanting. Fine roots of dormant 1-year-old green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) and sugar maple (Acer saccharum) seedlings, subjected to desiccation treatments of 0, 1, 2, or 3 hours in December and March, lost up to 82 percent of their water. Root electrolyte leakage, a measure of cell damage, tripled after three hours of desiccation. The increase was moderately, but significantly, greater in March for both species. Desiccation treatments had no effect on fine root survival. Growth of new roots (RGP) was also unaffected by desiccation treatments. RGP of maple was greater in March than December, but not ash.

scholarly journals Effects of Non-Industrial Wood Ash (NIWA) Applications on Soil Chemistry and Sugar Maple (Acer saccharum, Marsh.) Seedling Growth in an Acidic Sugar Bush in Central Ontario

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 693
Author(s):  
Holly D. Deighton ◽  
Shaun A. Watmough
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Chemistry ◽  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Base Cation ◽  
Yellow Birch ◽  
Metal Concentrations

Research Highlights: In central Ontario, large quantities of non-industrial wood ash (NIWA) are generated and could be used as a forest soil amendment to counteract soil acidification and base cation depletion caused by decades of acid deposition. Background and Objectives: The properties and biogeochemical responses of NIWA have not been thoroughly explored, and field experiments must be conducted before NIWA can be regulated as a forest soil amendment in Ontario. Materials and Methods: In this study, soil chemistry and sugar maple (Acer saccharum, Marsh.) seedling growth and chemistry were measured in an acidic sugar bush over twelve months following a NIWA field experiment. Plots (2 m by 2 m) were established with sugar maple, white pine (Pinus strobus L.), and yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britt.) NIWA treatments applied at rates of 6 Mg ha−1 along with untreated control plots. Results: Ash chemistry varied significantly among species and yellow birch ash generally had much higher metal concentrations compared with other species. Following ash application, significant increases in soil pH and calcium and magnesium concentrations were observed, however the level of response varied by treatment. Foliar concentrations of base cations in sugar maple seedlings significantly increased in ash treatments and there was no significant treatment effect on foliar metal concentrations or seedling growth. In roots and shoots, concentrations of several metals (manganese, aluminum, iron, boron, arsenic, cadmium, zinc, copper, lead, chromium, and nickel) increased after ash application, however response was most pronounced in yellow birch ash. Conclusions: These results suggest that application of NIWA can counteract the lasting effects of acid rain by increasing soil pH and base cation concentrations, as well as increasing sugar maple seedling foliar nutrient concentrations, but ashes from species with high metal contents may also increase metal availability to vegetation, at least in the short-term.

Soil pH-induced changes in root colonization, diversity, and reproduction of symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi from healthy and declining maple forests

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 1543-1554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew P Coughlan ◽  
Yolande Dalpé ◽  
Line Lapointe ◽  
Yves Piché
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizas ◽  
Fungal Community Composition ◽  
Spore Population

Acer saccharum Marsh. (sugar maple) is one of only few arbuscular mycorrhizal trees to form extensive stands in northern temperate biomes. Recent maple decline could result from altered intensity and quality of root colonization by associated mycobionts or possible shifts in symbiotic fungal community composition following environmental stresses. In this study the effects on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi of soil acidification, one of several proposed causal stresses underlying forest decline, and remedial liming were investigated under glasshouse conditions. Acer saccharum seedlings were grown in unsterilized, pH altered, forest soils from healthy and declining maple stands. Over a range of treatment pHs normally tolerated by A. saccharum, fungal populations and responses to pH changes differed between the two soils. The declining site with more acidic soil had an initially larger spore population but lower taxonomic diversity than the healthy site. However, liming stimulated sporulation of several taxa initially apparently absent from the declining site spore population. The quantity of colonization generally increased with pH for both sites. Five Glomus taxa and Scutellospora calospora (Nicol. & Gerd.) Walker & Sanders are added to the list of fungi known to form arbuscular mycorrhizas with A. saccharum, and the known range of Acaulospora cavernata Blaszkowski is extended from Poland to eastern North America.

Foliar deficiencies of sugar maple stands associated with soil cation imbalances in the Quebec Appalachians

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rock Ouimet ◽  
Claude Camiré
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Nutrient Stress ◽  
Exchangeable Cations ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Ca Deficiency ◽  
Exchangeable Ca ◽  
Foliar Nutrient

Widespread symptoms of foliar deficiency of P and K have been observed for almost a decade in most of the declining hardwood forest in the Quebec Appalachians. We hypothesized that the foliar nutrient disturbances were related to the chemical equilibrium of exchangeable soil cations. Mature sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) foliage, and soil H-Ah and B horizon from 246 hardwood stands located in the Quebec Appalachians were sampled and analyzed. A cluster analysis using the Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) indices of the foliar data permitted the identification of six different nutritional groups: one slightly and one strongly deficient group in P-K, three groups having a K-Ca deficiency at different intensities from weak to strong, and one group having a strong P-K-Ca deficiency. These foliar nutrient status were strongly related to some soil properties. The P-K deficient groups had a 30% lower K saturation in the H-Ah horizon than the average level of the other groups, but a higher proportion of exchangeable Ca in the H-Ah and B horizon. For the four groups that were K-Ca deficient, increased nutrient stress was associated with reductions in soil Ca saturation and pH, and, particularly, increases in soil Mg saturation. Also, the Ca/(H+Al) ratio of exchangeable cations in the B horizon was ≤ 0.6 for these groups. High soil Mg saturation, potential soil Al toxicity related to low Ca saturation, and unfavorable soil humus properties were associated with the severity of nutrient stress. To obtain a balanced nutrition for sugar maple in this region, the forest humus should have less than 10% of Mg on exchange sites, a Ca/Mg ratio of exchangeable cations > 6, and a K/Mg ratio > 0.5. The values in the mineral B horizon should be < 10% for Mg/CEC, > 4 for the Ca/Mg ratio, > 1 for the K/Mg ratio, and > 1 for the Ca/(H+Al) ratio. Key words:Acer saccharum, cation saturation, Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System, forest decline, nutrient status, soil properties

Condition of the fine roots of sugar maple in different stages of decline

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Bauce ◽  
Douglas C. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Fine Roots ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Fine Root Biomass ◽  
Crown Condition ◽  
Northern Hardwood ◽  
Sugar Maples ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
Crown Dieback ◽  
Apparently Healthy

An 85-year-old even-aged northern hardwood stand was studied to elucidate relations between the crown condition of declining sugar maples, Acersaccharum Marsh., and the condition of maple fine roots. Declining sugar maples had lower fine-root biomass and fewer rootlet tips than apparently healthy trees. However, rootlet mortality did not differ significantly between crown dieback classes. Damage to fine roots caused by Ctenophora sp. was significantly greater on trees in advanced stages of decline.

scholarly journals Effect of soil base saturation and endomycorrhization on growth and nutrient status of sugar maple seedlings

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rock Ouimet ◽  
Claude Camiré ◽  
Valentin Furlan
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Soil Acidification ◽  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Base Saturation ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Soil Base ◽  
Experimental Conditions

Nutrient imbalances of declining sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) stands in southeastern Quebec have been associated partly with high soil exchangeable acidity and low base saturation on. A greenhouse experiment was set up to determine how growth and nutrient status of sugar maple seedlings can be influenced by soil acidification and the presence of an endomycorrhizal fungus. The experiment consisted of five levels of soil base saturation (from 12 to 50%) and two levels of soil inoculation by an endomycorrhizal fungus (inoculated and control) in a complete factorial arrangement Sugar maple seedlings were grown for 3 mo in the treated soil substrates. Seedling shoot elongation rate, growth [dry matter (TDM) mass, stem diameter, and total leaf area], and K, Ca and Mg concentrations in foliage and roots decreased with soil acidification with base saturation used as an indicator of the soil-acidification status. Foliar K and Ca level reached values below critical thresholds when soil base saturation was reduced to 12%. Under the experimental conditions, seedling growth was not significantly affected by endomycorrhization, except for root DM mass, which was reduced by 24% compared with the control treatment. For mycorrhizal seedlings, foliar Al concentration increased linearly from 113 mg kg−1 to 210 mg kg−1 with the reduction of soil base saturation from 50% to 12%, while, for non-mycorrhizal seedlings, foliar Al concentration remained at a high level (195 mg kg−1) independently of the soil acidification level. Sugar maple seedling growth was not related to accumulation of Al in foliage. The results of this experiment support the hypothesis that a causal relationship exists between the level of soil base saturation and the growth decrease and associated nutrient disorders observed in declining sugar maple stands in Quebec. Key words:Acer saccharum, nutrient status, seedling growth, soil base saturation, endomycorrhizae

scholarly journals Appraisal of Macro and Micronutrient Status of Soils of Washim Road Farm of Dr. PDKV Akola, Maharashtra, Using GPS

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Vijay A. Dhotare ◽  
V. D. Guldekar ◽  
Sagar N. Ingle ◽  
S. M. Bhoyar
Keyword(s):  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Micronutrient Status ◽  
Grid Survey ◽  
Agricultural Chemistry ◽  
Available Nutrient Status

The present study was conducted during the year 2018 and 2019 at Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Dr Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra with an aim to know the macro and micronutrient status of soils of Washim road farm, Dr. PDKV Akola. Grid based (GPS) forty four (44) surface (0-20 cm depth) soil samples were collected by grid survey method at 200 m distance from Washim road farm and analyzed as per standard procedure for judging chemical properties and available nutrient status of soil. The results indicate that all the soils pH under study were slightly alkaline to moderately alkaline in reaction and it ranged from 7.5 to 8.6 and soils were free from soluble salt hazard (EC 0.13 to 0.38 dSm-1). Organic carbon content were ranged from 2.34-8.97 g kg-1, soils of Washim road farm was moderately calcareous to calcareous due to presence of CaCO3 in soil. The available major nutrient content in these soils showed very low status for N (100.35-175.61 kg ha-1), available P (13.25-22.4 kg ha-1), and very high for available K (340.14-539.04 kg ha-1). While the available S, it ranges from 7.58-16.4 mg kg-1. The available micronutrient content in these soils showed very low to moderate status for available Fe (2.05-5.96 mg kg-1 ), available Mn (0.82-4.47 mg kg-1) and available Zn (0.12-0.88 mg kg-1) indicates very low to medium and high for available Cu (0.73-3.12 mg kg-1).

Comparison of the chemical properties of forest floors, decaying wood, and fine roots in three ecosystems on Vancouver Island

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Quesnel ◽  
L M. Lavkulich
Keyword(s):  
Forest Floor ◽  
Fine Roots ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Loss On Ignition ◽  
Elemental Concentrations ◽  
Red Cedar ◽  
Forest Floors ◽  
Decaying Wood

Elemental concentrations were measured and compared for LF horizons, H horizons, decaying wood, and fine (< 2 mm) roots of three ecosystems on northern Vancouver Island. The principal tree species of these ecosystems were western hemlock (Tsugaheterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.), amabilis fir (Abiesamabilis (Dougl.) Forbes), and western red cedar (Thujaplicata Donn.). The H horizons had greater Mg and Na values than the LF horizons, while the opposite result was found for K and loss on ignition (LOI). The decaying wood represents a significant accumulation of nutrient-deficient biomass that could immobilize N. The decomposing fine roots will temporarily immobilize N while possibly increasing the concentration of elements such as Fe, Al, and Mn. These materials should be separated from forest floor samples in order to represent more accurately the nutrient status of forest floor horizons.

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