Colonization of carnation stems by a nonpathogenic isolate of Fusarium oxysporum and its effect on Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. dianthi

A nonpathogenic isolate of Fusarium oxysporum, 618-12, added to soil prior to the pathogen, suppressed fusarium wilt (F. o. f.sp. dianthi race 2) in a susceptible cultivar of carnation by 80% compared with the treatment with the pathogen only. The possibility of systemically induced resistance by the nonpathogenic isolate was assessed by inoculating antagonist and pathogen at different locations (stem versus soil, soil versus stem, and in a split-root system). No significant disease suppression was found with any of these spatially separated inoculations. However, inoculation of antagonist and pathogen at the same location within the stem (i.e., mixed stem inoculation) resulted in significant and reproducible disease reductions compared with stem inoculation with the pathogen alone. This reduction was found for different inoculum densities and different cultivars. Several other nonpathogenic Fusarium isolates could also reduce wilt symptoms in the susceptible carnation cultivar after mixed stem inoculation with the pathogen. This disease-suppressive effect after mixed stem inoculations may be caused by locally induced resistance or competition between isolates within the stem. Plants showed vascular browning around the inoculation point following inoculation with nonpathogenic isolates. Disease suppression, as well as vascular browning, were absent when dead conidia of the isolate 618-12 were used. After its addition to soil, the isolate was recovered from 44–78% of carnation stems. Spread of the nonpathogenic isolate within the stem occurred only in the first 4 days after stem inoculation, and it remained confined to limited distances from the inoculation point between 4 and 59 days after inoculation. The pathogenic isolate could be isolated at increasingly greater distances from the inoculation point during this period. These data suggest that the nonpathogenic isolate is not actively spread through the plant by growth of the fungus. Keywords: biological control, competition, induced resistance, wilt.

Download Full-text

Inoculation with Streptomyces decreases vascular wilt of chickpea infected by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri

South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology ◽

10.38150/sajeb.9(6).p249-254 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 249-254

Author(s):

Mokhtaria Tlemsani ◽

Zohra Fortas ◽

Soulef Dib ◽

Miloud Bellahcen

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Fungal Disease ◽

Disease Suppression ◽

Vascular Wilt ◽

Chick Pea ◽

Antagonistic Microorganisms

Vascular wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri (FOC) is a disease that limits the yield of chickpea in Algeria. Biological control with antagonistic microorganisms is one of the alterna ves methods to ght this fungal disease. In this work, we tested an ac nomycete Streptomyces ACT2 against 03 isolates of FOC (FOC8, FOC13, FOC 15) in vivo on three varie es of chick- pea including a sensi ve variety (ILC-482) and two varie es moderately tole- rant (Col-27, PPC-25) in order to highlight its effect on the reduc on or suppression of this disease. The results obtained showed that the degree of suppression of the disease by ACT2 varies from one variety to another and from one FOC isolate to another. The maximum suppression of the disease was observed in the Col-27 variety. The ACT2 isolate showed higher levels of disease suppression in both the moderately sensi ve Col-27 (13.68%) and PPC- 25 (18.78%) varie es than the sensitive variety ILC-482 (8.76%). The Streptomyces (ACT2) can be used as a biological protector of chickpea infected by the pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri.

Download Full-text

Isolation of Nonpathogenic Mutants of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis for Biological Control of Fusarium Wilt in Cucurbits

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto.2002.92.2.164 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 92 (2) ◽

pp. 164-168 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Stanley Freeman ◽

Aida Zveibil ◽

Haim Vintal ◽

Marcel Maymon

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Fungal Pathogens ◽

Conidial Suspension ◽

Wild Type ◽

Seedling Mortality ◽

Type Isolate ◽

Novel Approach ◽

Mutant Strains ◽

Race 2

Two nonpathogenic mutant strains 4/4 and 15/15 of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis (race 1,2) were isolated by a continuous dipinoculation technique following UV mutagenesis of the virulent wild-type isolate FOM1.2. No disease symptoms or detrimental effects were observed following inoculation of muskmelon seedlings by strain 4/4. In contrast, strain 15/15 caused mortality of susceptible cultivars although to a lesser extent than the wild-type isolate. Strain 4/4 colonized a variety of muskmelon and watermelon cultivars. In muskmelon cv. Ein Dor, seedlings were dipped in a conidial suspension of strain 4/4 and planted in medium amended with the mutant to achieve 100% colonization of roots and between 30 to 70% of the lower stem tissues 7 days after planting. Similar percent colonization of watermelon seedlings by strain 4/4 was recorded. In cross-protection experiments with muskmelon cultivars, significant reduction in seedling mortality was observed between 4/4-colonized FOM1.2. challenged plants compared with that of wild-type challenged plants alone. Similarly, strain 4/4 was able to significantly reduce mortality of watermelon seedlings caused by F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum race 2. This novel approach of generating nonpathogenic mutants for biological control in Fusarium spp. and other fungal pathogens from virulent wild-type isolates may be beneficial for control, because the mutant strains, lacking only in pathogenicity, may compete more efficiently than other biocontrol organisms against the pathogen of origin.

Download Full-text

Fusarium oxysporum endophytes induced systemic resistance against Radopholus similis on banana

Nematology ◽

10.1163/156854106779799259 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 847-852 ◽

Cited By ~ 84

Author(s):

Tam Vu ◽

Richard Sikora ◽

Rüdiger Hauschild

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Root System ◽

Endophytic Fungi ◽

Fungal Endophyte ◽

Systemic Resistance ◽

Root Penetration ◽

Radopholus Similis ◽

Split Root ◽

Split Root System ◽

Burrowing Nematode

AbstractFour mutualistic endophytic fungal isolates were investigated for their ability to induce systemic resistance in banana toward the burrowing nematode, Radopholus similis in glasshouse experiments. Two isolates of Fusarium oxysporum and one of F. cf. diversisporum isolated from the cortical tissue of banana, and another isolate of F. oxysporum isolated from tomato, were compared. When the root systems of seedling banana plants were pre-inoculated with the four endophytic fungi, R. similis root penetration was reduced by 29-39% and 22-41% 5 and 15 days after nematode inoculation, respectively. Induction of systemic resistance to R. similis in banana roots by the same endophytic fungi was tested in a split-root system. Depending on the isolate, the penetration rates decreased between 30-38.5% and 26.7-45% after 5 and 15 days in the untreated half of the split-root system of plants treated with the endophytic strains when compared to those treated without the fungi. This is the first time that systemic resistance induced by a fungal endophyte has been demonstrated in banana.

Download Full-text

Rhizosphere Streptomyces formulas as the biological control agent of phytopathogenic fungi Fusarium oxysporum and plant growth promoter of soybean

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d220602 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (6) ◽

Author(s):

MAYA SARI ◽

ABDJAD ASIH NAWANGSIH ◽

Aris Tri Wahyudi

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Biological Control Agent ◽

Control Agent ◽

Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽

Disease Suppression ◽

Growth Promoter ◽

Sterile Soil ◽

Plant Growth Promoter

Abstract. Sari M, Nawangsih AA, Wahyudi AT. 2021. Rhizosphere Streptomyces formulas as the biological control agent of phytopathogenic fungi Fusarium oxysporum and plant growth promoter of soybean. Biodiversitas 22: 3015-3023. Rhizosphere Streptomyces are considered as promising sources of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and biocontrol agents against pathogenic fungi, particularly Fusarium oxysporum causing root rot, cotyledon rot, hypocotyl rot, and stunted growth in soybean. Formulation of rhizosphere Streptomyces with appropriate carrier materials is necessary to facilitate storage and application in plants. This study aimed to develop a formulation of rhizosphere Streptomyces, apply the formula to control F. oxysporum, and promote soybean plant growth. Five Streptomyces isolates, i.e., Streptomyces panaciradicis ARK 13, Streptomyces tritolerans ARK 17, Streptomyces recifensis ARK 63, Streptomyces tendae ARK 91, and Streptomyces manipurensis ARK 94 were used in this study. All of the isolates could grow in potato broth, rice bran extract, and molasses as alternative media. The highest biomass produced from the molasses growth medium. All five isolates had antifungal activity against F. oxysporum with the inhibition percentage ranging from 41% to 76%, and all of them were detected to have the iaaM gene. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) hormone produced by these isolates were ranging from 8.99-15.14 mg L-1, with the phosphate solubilization index of 2.13-2.47. Five rhizosphere Streptomyces formulas with the main carrier of peat could maintain the viability with the population density of 108 CFU g-1 for 8 weeks of storage at room temperature. Two formulas, F17 and F94, were the best formulas to control disease caused by F. oxysporum with disease suppression of 74% in sterile soil and 80-85% in non-sterile soil. Formula F17 and F94 significantly increased soybean growth in sterile and non-sterile soils. Therefore, these formulas could be recommended as biocontrol and plant growth promoters of soybean.

Download Full-text

Biological Control Efficiency of Fusarium Wilt of Tomato by Nonpathogenic Fusarium oxysporum Fo-B2 in Different Environments

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto-95-1072 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 95 (9) ◽

pp. 1072-1080 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

Masahiro Shishido ◽

Chika Miwa ◽

Toshiyuki Usami ◽

Yoshimiki Amemiya ◽

Kenneth B. Johnson

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Fusarium Wilt ◽

Logistic Model ◽

Disease Suppression ◽

Response Models ◽

Tomato Roots ◽

Negative Exponential ◽

Field Plots ◽

Best Fit

Efficiency of nonpathogenic Fusarium oxysporum Fo-B2 for the biological control of Fusarium wilt of tomato, caused by F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici CU1, was examined in different environments: a growth chamber with sterile soil-less medium, a greenhouse with fumigated or nonfumigated soil, and nonfumigated field plots. Inoculation of Fo-B2 onto tomato roots significantly reduced the severity of disease, but the efficiency of disease suppression decreased as the experimental environment became less controlled. Relationships between the recovery of Fo-B2 from hypocotyls and the disease severity indicated that the biocontrol agent was most effective when it colonized vascular tissues intensively. Moreover, the degree of Fo-B2 colonization was greatly reduced when the seedlings were grown in nonfumigated soil. Dose-response models (negative exponential, hyperbolic saturation, and logistic) were fit to observed data collected over a range of inoculum densities of the pathogen and the antagonist; the logistic model provided the best fit in all environments. The ratios of an 50% effective dose parameter for Fo-B2 to that of CU1 increased as the environment became less controlled, suggesting that environmentally related efficiency reduction impacted the antagonist more than the pathogen. The results suggest that indigenous soil microbes were a primary factor negatively influencing the efficiency of Fo-B2. Therefore, early establishment of the antagonist in a noncompetitive environment prior to outplanting could improve the efficacy of biological control.

Download Full-text

Biological control of Fusarium wilt of carnation with a nonpathogenic isolate of Fusarium oxysporum

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b92-150 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 70 (6) ◽

pp. 1199-1205 ◽

Cited By ~ 67

Author(s):

J. Postma ◽

H. Rattink

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Key Words ◽

Disease Severity ◽

Fusarium Wilt ◽

Resistant Mutant ◽

The Other ◽

Susceptible Cultivar ◽

Wild Type ◽

Key Words Colonization

The nonpathogenic isolate 618-12 of Fusarium oxysporum, wild type as well as a benomyl-resistant mutant, suppressed Fusarium wilt (F. o. f.sp. dianthi) in a susceptible cultivar of carnation by 80%. Two other nonpathogenic isolates had a similar effect. Suppression by isolate 618-12 occurred only when antagonist and pathogen were both added to the soil but not if they were introduced at a different location (one in the stem, the other in the soil). Thus systemic induced resistance could not be demonstrated. In treatments where isolate 618-12 and the pathogen were both introduced into the soil, fewer plants showed symptoms, disease severity was less, and colonization by the pathogen was less extensive than after inoculation with the pathogen alone. After soil inoculation, the nonpathogenic isolate 618-12 was recovered from the stem, sometimes at a height of 60 cm. Key words: colonization, carnation stem, soil.

Download Full-text

The Potential of Rhizoctonia-Like Fungi for the Biological Protection of Cereals against Fungal Pathogens

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10020349 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 349

Author(s):

Dominik Bleša ◽

Pavel Matušinský ◽

Romana Sedmíková ◽

Milan Baláž

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Fungal Pathogens ◽

Plant Pathogens ◽

Higher Plants ◽

Fusarium Culmorum ◽

Suppressive Effect ◽

Plant Production ◽

Shoot Biomass ◽

Organic Substrates

The use of biological control is becoming a common practice in plant production. One overlooked group of organisms potentially suitable for biological control are Rhizoctonia-like (Rh-like) fungi. Some of them are capable of forming endophytic associations with a large group of higher plants as well as mycorrhizal symbioses. Various benefits of endophytic associations were proved, including amelioration of devastating effects of pathogens such as Fusarium culmorum. The advantage of Rh-like endophytes over strictly biotrophic mycorrhizal organisms is the possibility of their cultivation on organic substrates, which makes their use more suitable for production. We focused on abilities of five Rh-like fungi isolated from orchid mycorrhizas, endophytic fungi Serendipita indica, Microdochium bolleyi and pathogenic Ceratobasidium cereale to inhibit the growth of pathogenic F. culmorum or Pyrenophora teres in vitro. We also analysed their suppressive effect on wheat infection by F. culmorum in a growth chamber, as well as an effect on barley under field conditions. Some of the Rh-like fungi affected the growth of plant pathogens in vitro, then the interaction with plants was tested. Beneficial effect was especially noted in the pot experiments, where wheat plants were negatively influenced by F. culmorum. Inoculation with S. indica caused higher dry shoot biomass in comparison to plants treated with fungicide. Prospective for future work are the effects of these endophytes on plant signalling pathways, factors affecting the level of colonization and surviving of infectious particles.

Download Full-text

Biological control of Fusarium wilt of cucumber with nonpathogenic isolates of Fusarium oxysporum

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/m87-061 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 33 (5) ◽

pp. 349-353 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

T. C. Paulitz ◽

C. S. Park ◽

R. Baker

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Infection Rate ◽

Fusarium Wilt ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Infection Rates ◽

Control Activity ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Cucumber Roots ◽

Linear Regressions

Nonpathogenic isolates of Fusarium oxysporum were obtained from surface-disinfested, symptomless cucumber roots grown in two raw (nonautoclaved) soils. These isolates were screened for pathogenicity and biological control activity against Fusarium wilt of cucumber in raw soil infested with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum (F.o.c.). The influence of three isolates effective in inducing suppressiveness and three ineffective isolates on disease incidence over time was tested. The effective isolates reduced the infection rate (R), based on linear regressions of data transformed to loge (1/1 – y). Effective isolate C5 was added to raw soil infested with various inoculum densities of F.o.c. In treatments without C5, the increase in inoculum densities of F.o.c. decreased the incubation period of wilt disease, but there was no significant difference in infection rate among the inoculum density treatments. Isolate C5 reduced the infection rate at all inoculum densities of F.o.c. Various inoculum densities of C5 were added to raw soils infested with 1000 cfu/g of F.o.c. In the first trial, infection rates were reduced only in the treatment with 10 000 cfu/g of C5; in the second trial, infection rates were reduced in treatments with 10 000 and 30 000 cfu/g of C5.

Download Full-text