Isolate-by-cultivar interaction in root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne hapla, M. chitwoodi, and M. fallax on potato

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82
Author(s):  
J G Van der Beek ◽  
PFG Vereijken ◽  
L M Poleij ◽  
C H Van Silfhout
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Meloidogyne Hapla ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Commercial Potato ◽  
Reproduction Factor

To study virulence and aggressiveness in root-knot nematodes on cultivars of potato (Solanum tuberosum L., four isolates of Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood race A, one of M. hapla race B, three of Meloidogyne chitwoodi Golden et al., and two of Meloidogyne fallax Karssen were evaluated on 10 commercial potato cultivars under semisterile conditions in Petri dishes. Virulence and aggressiveness were assessed in terms of nematode reproduction by egg-mass index and reproduction factor, estimated by the number of egg masses and juveniles produced, respectively, divided by the number of juveniles inoculated. Significant interaction for both parameters was revealed between species of Meloidogyne and potato cultivars. Only M. hapla showed significant isolate-by-cultivar interaction, which was predominantly caused by the M. hapla race B isolate Hh. This indicates variation in virulence and suggests the occurrence of different genetic factors for virulence and resistance in M. hapla isolates and potato cultivars, respectively. Despite large differences, the observed levels of resistance were too low to be of practical meaning for breeding, with the exception of resistance to isolate Hh. No significant differences were obtained between isolates of M. chitwoodi and M. fallax or isolate-by-cultivar interaction, indicating neither variation in aggressiveness nor in virulence in the isolates used. A comparative greenhouse experiment gave comparable results for egg-mass index but contradicting results for reproduction factor, most likely because of differences in life cycle, which appeared to be shorter in M. fallax than in M. hapla and M. chitwoodi. The Petri-dish method proved to be accurate for virulence studies of root-knot nematodes on potato culitvars. Meloidogyne fallax was most aggressive on potato, followed by M. chitwoodi, M. hapla race A, and finally by M. hapla race B. Key words: aggressiveness, biadditive model, biplot, plant breeding, resistance, virulence.

Genetic diversity of Meloidogyne spp. parasitising potato in Brazil and aggressiveness of M. javanica populations on susceptible cultivars

Nematology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Israel L. Medina ◽  
Cesar B. Gomes ◽  
Valdir R. Correa ◽  
Vanessa S. Mattos ◽  
Philippe Castagnone-Sereno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Prevalent Species ◽  
Reproduction Factor

Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) significantly impact potato production worldwide and in Brazil they are considered one of the most important group of nematodes affecting potatoes. The objectives of this study were to survey Meloidogyne spp. associated with potatoes in Brazil, determine their genetic diversity and assess the aggressiveness of M. javanica on two susceptible potato cultivars. Fifty-seven root-knot nematode populations were identified using esterase phenotyping, including Meloidogyne javanica, M. incognita, M. arenaria and M. ethiopica. Overall, root-knot nematodes were present in ca 43% of sampled sites, in which M. javanica was the most prevalent species, and the phenotypes Est J3, J2a and J2 occurred in 91.2, 6.7 and 2.1% of the positive samples, respectively. Other species, such as M. incognita, M. arenaria and M. ethiopica, were found less frequently and occurred at rates of 6.4, 4.3 and 2.1% of the samples, respectively. Sometimes, M. javanica was found in mixtures with other root-knot nematodes in ca 10.6% of sites containing Meloidogyne. After confirming the identification of 17 isolates of M. javanica and one isolate each of M. incognita, M. arenaria and M. ethiopica by SCAR markers, the populations were used to infer their genetic diversity using RAPD markers. Results revealed low intraspecifc genetic diversity among isolates (13.9%) for M. javanica. Similarly, M. javanica sub-populations (J2a) clustered together (81% of bootstrap), indicating subtle variation from typical J3 populations. The aggressiveness of four populations of M. javanica from different Brazilian states on two susceptible potato cultivars was tested under glasshouse conditions. Results indicated differences in aggressiveness among these populations and showed that potato disease was proportional to nematode reproduction factor.

scholarly journals Resistance sources to root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne javanica, M. incognita and M. enterolobii in sweet potato

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-133
Author(s):  
Paula Andrea O Carmona ◽  
Jadir B Pinheiro ◽  
Geovani Bernardo Amaro ◽  
Giovani Olegario da Silva ◽  
José Ricardo Peixoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Gall Index ◽  
Reproduction Factor

ABSTRACT One of the main obstacles for food production in many developing countries, as in Brazil, is the damage caused by root-knot nematodes, mainly those belonging to the genus Meloidogyne. This study aimed to assess the resistance levels of 44 sweet potato genotypes to M. javanica, M. incognita race 1 and M. enterolobii. These researches were carried out in 2014, under greenhouse conditions in Brasília-DF, Brazil. A completely randomized design with six replicates of one plant/plot/treatment was used. We determined the gall index (GI) and egg mass index (EMI) in the root system of each plant, the number of eggs and juveniles per gram of root with galls and the nematode reproduction factor. M. javanica was less aggressive and reproduced in only 9.09% of the evaluated genotypes; M. incognita race 1 was intermediate (47.73%); whereas M. enterolobii was more aggressive, with a population increase in 79.55% of the genotypes. The genotypes CNPH 1200, CNPH 1219, CNPH 1292, CNPH 1392, CNPH 60 and ‘Coquinho’ were the most resistant to the three species and can be used in breeding programs for multiple resistance to root-knot nematodes.

scholarly journals Reproduction of Meloidogyne enterolobii in lettuce cultivars of the American group

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-150
Author(s):  
Érika CSS Correia ◽  
Norberto Silva ◽  
Marylia GS Costa ◽  
Silvia RS Wilcken
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
American Group ◽  
Meloidogyne Enterolobii ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Gall Index ◽  
Summer Time ◽  
Reproduction Factor

Lettuce is the main vegetable cultivated in Brazil, in volume and in marketed value. There are ranges of diseases which may affect lettuce crops, including those caused by root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.). We evaluated the reproductive potential of Meloidogyne enterolobii in 22 lettuce cultivars. The plants were inoculated with 5,000 eggs and eventuals second stage juveniles of nematode per pot, two days after the transplanting. 'Rutgers' tomato was used as standard for inoculum viability of M. enterolobii. We evaluated, 60 days after inoculation, the gall index, egg mass index and reproduction factor (RF). The 'Ithaca', 'Raider Plus', 'RS-1397', 'L-104', 'Challenge', 'IP-11', 'Classic', 'Salinas 88', 'Vanguard 75', 'Calona' and 'Desert Queen' were resistant to M. enterolobii with RF varying from 0.22 to 0.9, and the cultivars Lady Winterset, Robinson, Sonoma, Raider, Lucy Brown, Bnondaga, Summer Time, Taina, Sundevil and L-109 were susceptible to this nematode, with RF ranging from 1.06 to 5.73.

Reproductive fitness on lettuce of populations of Meloidogyne hapla from New York State vegetable fields

Nematology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathaniel Mitkowski ◽  
George Abawi
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
New York State ◽  
Reproductive Fitness ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Breeding Line ◽  
Meloidogyne Hapla ◽  
York State ◽  
Germplasm Screening

AbstractSix New York State populations of Meloidogyne hapla differed in their reproductive fitness and severity of galling induced on lettuce (Lactuca sativa) cvs Ithaca, Salinas, and Montello and the breeding line 41-595. Both lettuce germplasm and nematode population had a significant effect on reproductive fitness and the interaction between germplasm and population was also significant. Differences in the number of nematodes recovered per g of root was attributable to differences in numbers of eggs per egg mass. Results suggested that there are separate genetic factors controlling reproduction and galling on lettuce. Based on this study, it would be prudent to include multiple, local populations of M. hapla in future resistance germplasm screening tests.

scholarly journals Reaction of common bean to Meloidogyne incognita race 1 and Meloidogyne javanica

Revista CERES ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-328
Author(s):  
Cleiton Lourenço de Oliveira ◽  
Natália Souza Oliveira ◽  
Márcia Souza de Oliveira ◽  
Vicente Paulo Campos ◽  
Wilson Roberto Maluf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Nematode Eggs ◽  
Shoot Mass ◽  
Reproduction Factor

ABSTRACT Identification of common bean genotypes resistant to the root-knot nematodes may be useful for bean breeding programs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the reaction of bean genotypes to M. incognita race 1 and M. javanica. Two independent trials to assess resistance to both root-knot nematodes were carried out with fifty-eight common bean genotypes and six snap bean genotypes. The experiments were arranged in a randomized block design, with three replications and two plants per plot. A total of 10,000 nematode eggs were inoculated per plant 15 days after germination. At forty-five days after inoculation, the root system of each plant was harvested and the nematode eggs were extracted. The number of eggs per gram of root was counted and the Reproduction Factor and the Reduction of the Reproduction Factor were calculated. The performance of the genotypes differed between the trials, indicating different resistance reactions to the nematode species evaluated. The genotypes VP-25 and BRS Valente were resistant to M. incognita race 1. The genotypes Aporé, Ouro Vermelho, Radiante, and CNFP 10793 showed good resistance to both M. incognita race 1 and M. javanica, with potential as source of resistance in breeding programs. There was a significant correlation between root mass and number of eggs. The correlation between nematode reproduction and shoot mass was null.

Resistance Evaluation of Potato Cultivars and Germplasms to Meloidogyne hapla in Heilongjiang Province

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
pp. 1864
Author(s):  
Yan-Zhi MAO ◽  
Chun-Jie LI ◽  
Yan-Feng HU ◽  
Cui HUA ◽  
Jia YOU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Heilongjiang Province ◽  
Meloidogyne Hapla ◽  
Resistance Evaluation

Soil inorganic nitrogen content in commercial potato fields in New Brunswick

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Zebarth ◽  
Y. Leclerc ◽  
G. Moreau ◽  
R. Gareau ◽  
P. H. Milburn
Keyword(s):  
Root Zone ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
N Content ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Commercial Potato ◽  
Soil Inorganic

Information on inorganic N content in commercial potato fields in Atlantic Canada is limited. Soil inorganic N measurements were collected from 228 commercial potato fields from 1999 to 2001. Soil NO3 content to 30 cm depth at planting ranged from 2 to 124 kg N ha-1, and was generally higher for preceding potato, red clover, or hay crops compared to preceding cereal or other crops. Soil NH4 content to 30 cm depth measured at planting ranged from 3 to 64 kg N ha-1, indicating that both soil NO3 and NH4 need to be measured to assess plant-available soil N content in spring. Soil NO3 content to 30-cm depth at tuber harvest ranged from 3 to 250 kg N ha-1, generally increased with increasing fertilizer N application rate, and differed among different potato cultivars. Soil NO3 content measured to 30-cm depth in spring ranged from 3 to 100% of soil NO3 at harvest in the preceding fall, indicating that highly variable losses of soil NO3 from the root zone occur between growing seasons. Key words: Nitrate, ammonium, Solanum tuberosum L.

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