Reaction of common bean to Meloidogyne incognita race 1 and Meloidogyne javanica

ABSTRACT Identification of common bean genotypes resistant to the root-knot nematodes may be useful for bean breeding programs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the reaction of bean genotypes to M. incognita race 1 and M. javanica. Two independent trials to assess resistance to both root-knot nematodes were carried out with fifty-eight common bean genotypes and six snap bean genotypes. The experiments were arranged in a randomized block design, with three replications and two plants per plot. A total of 10,000 nematode eggs were inoculated per plant 15 days after germination. At forty-five days after inoculation, the root system of each plant was harvested and the nematode eggs were extracted. The number of eggs per gram of root was counted and the Reproduction Factor and the Reduction of the Reproduction Factor were calculated. The performance of the genotypes differed between the trials, indicating different resistance reactions to the nematode species evaluated. The genotypes VP-25 and BRS Valente were resistant to M. incognita race 1. The genotypes Aporé, Ouro Vermelho, Radiante, and CNFP 10793 showed good resistance to both M. incognita race 1 and M. javanica, with potential as source of resistance in breeding programs. There was a significant correlation between root mass and number of eggs. The correlation between nematode reproduction and shoot mass was null.

Download Full-text

Resistance sources to root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne javanica, M. incognita and M. enterolobii in sweet potato

Horticultura Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0102-053620200203 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 38 (2) ◽

pp. 126-133

Author(s):

Paula Andrea O Carmona ◽

Jadir B Pinheiro ◽

Geovani Bernardo Amaro ◽

Giovani Olegario da Silva ◽

José Ricardo Peixoto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sweet Potato ◽

Population Increase ◽

Egg Mass ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Root Knot Nematodes ◽

Nematode Reproduction ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Race 1 ◽

Gall Index ◽

Reproduction Factor

ABSTRACT One of the main obstacles for food production in many developing countries, as in Brazil, is the damage caused by root-knot nematodes, mainly those belonging to the genus Meloidogyne. This study aimed to assess the resistance levels of 44 sweet potato genotypes to M. javanica, M. incognita race 1 and M. enterolobii. These researches were carried out in 2014, under greenhouse conditions in Brasília-DF, Brazil. A completely randomized design with six replicates of one plant/plot/treatment was used. We determined the gall index (GI) and egg mass index (EMI) in the root system of each plant, the number of eggs and juveniles per gram of root with galls and the nematode reproduction factor. M. javanica was less aggressive and reproduced in only 9.09% of the evaluated genotypes; M. incognita race 1 was intermediate (47.73%); whereas M. enterolobii was more aggressive, with a population increase in 79.55% of the genotypes. The genotypes CNPH 1200, CNPH 1219, CNPH 1292, CNPH 1392, CNPH 60 and ‘Coquinho’ were the most resistant to the three species and can be used in breeding programs for multiple resistance to root-knot nematodes.

Download Full-text

New resistance sources to root-knot nematode in Capsicum pepper

Horticultura Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0102-053620200105 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 33-40

Author(s):

Jadir B Pinheiro ◽

Giovani Olegario da Silva ◽

Amanda G Macêdo ◽

Danielle Biscaia ◽

Carlos Francisco Ragassi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Meloidogyne Javanica ◽

Nematode Species ◽

Capsicum Chinense ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Resistance Sources ◽

The Third ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Race 1

ABSTRACT Thirty seven pepper genotypes, Capsicum chinense, C. annuum and C. frutescens, were characterized for resistance to three root-knot nematode species (Meloidogyne javanica, M. incognita race 1 and M. enterolobii) aiming to find potential resistance sources to be used in breeding programs. Three experiments were carried out, in 2013, 2014 and 2016, in a greenhouse, in randomized block design and six replicates, one plant/pot. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and average clustering. All evaluated pepper genotypes were resistant or immune to M. javanica. For M. incognita race 1, all accessions of C. frutescens, evaluated in the first experiment, were resistant, whereas the six accessions of C. chinense were susceptible. For M. incognita, all genotypes of C. chinense and C. annuum, evaluated in the second experiment, were resistant. In the third experiment, evaluating C. annuum genotypes, we verified that most were susceptible to M. incognita race 1; genotypes CNPH 30118 and CNPH 6144 were resistant, though. M. enterolobii, which is the most aggressive species, with few resistance sources described, showed a tendency of greater degree of resistance in C. chinense and C. frutescens. Although most of the evaluated genotypes were susceptible, significant differences were observed regarding the degree of susceptibility. The main contribution of this study was the identification of a genotype resistant to M. enterolobii, cultivar BRS Nandaia, which can be used in breeding programs.

Download Full-text

Genetic diversity of Meloidogyne spp. parasitising potato in Brazil and aggressiveness of M. javanica populations on susceptible cultivars

Nematology ◽

10.1163/15685411-00003032 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 69-80 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Israel L. Medina ◽

Cesar B. Gomes ◽

Valdir R. Correa ◽

Vanessa S. Mattos ◽

Philippe Castagnone-Sereno ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Rapd Markers ◽

Potato Production ◽

Potato Cultivars ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Root Knot Nematodes ◽

Nematode Reproduction ◽

Meloidogyne Spp ◽

Prevalent Species ◽

Reproduction Factor

Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) significantly impact potato production worldwide and in Brazil they are considered one of the most important group of nematodes affecting potatoes. The objectives of this study were to survey Meloidogyne spp. associated with potatoes in Brazil, determine their genetic diversity and assess the aggressiveness of M. javanica on two susceptible potato cultivars. Fifty-seven root-knot nematode populations were identified using esterase phenotyping, including Meloidogyne javanica, M. incognita, M. arenaria and M. ethiopica. Overall, root-knot nematodes were present in ca 43% of sampled sites, in which M. javanica was the most prevalent species, and the phenotypes Est J3, J2a and J2 occurred in 91.2, 6.7 and 2.1% of the positive samples, respectively. Other species, such as M. incognita, M. arenaria and M. ethiopica, were found less frequently and occurred at rates of 6.4, 4.3 and 2.1% of the samples, respectively. Sometimes, M. javanica was found in mixtures with other root-knot nematodes in ca 10.6% of sites containing Meloidogyne. After confirming the identification of 17 isolates of M. javanica and one isolate each of M. incognita, M. arenaria and M. ethiopica by SCAR markers, the populations were used to infer their genetic diversity using RAPD markers. Results revealed low intraspecifc genetic diversity among isolates (13.9%) for M. javanica. Similarly, M. javanica sub-populations (J2a) clustered together (81% of bootstrap), indicating subtle variation from typical J3 populations. The aggressiveness of four populations of M. javanica from different Brazilian states on two susceptible potato cultivars was tested under glasshouse conditions. Results indicated differences in aggressiveness among these populations and showed that potato disease was proportional to nematode reproduction factor.

Download Full-text

Resistance of Coffea arabica genotypes against Meloidogyne paranaensis and M. incognita under controlled and field conditions

Nematology ◽

10.1163/15685411-00003075 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 19 (5) ◽

pp. 617-626 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ana Catarina J. Peres ◽

Sonia M.L. Salgado ◽

Valdir R. Correa ◽

Marcilene F.A. Santos ◽

Vanessa S. Mattos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coffea Arabica ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Germplasm Bank ◽

Nematode Reproduction ◽

Coffee Yield ◽

Infested Field ◽

Breeding Programmes ◽

Race 1 ◽

Moderately Resistant ◽

Reproduction Factor

Root-knot nematodes negatively impact on coffee yield worldwide. The use of resistant cultivars is the most effective way to manage these pests. The goal of this study was to identify Coffea arabica genotypes with resistance to Meloidogyne paranaensis and M. incognita race 1. Eighteen C. arabica genotypes (EPAMIG’s Germplasm Bank), previously selected for poor host suitability in a M. paranaensis-infested field, plus a resistant and a susceptible standard, were inoculated with these two Meloidogyne species to determine their resistance using nematode reproduction factor (). Accessions for which were considered resistant, while those for which were considered moderately resistant or susceptible, also according to statistical analysis. Five accessions from crossing ‘Catuaí Vermelho’ × ‘Amphillo MR 2-161’, one from ‘Catuaí Vermelho’ × ‘Amphillo MR 2-474’, two from ‘Timor Hybrid (UFV 408-01)’ and the standard ‘IPR-100’ were resistant to M. incognita race 1 with . Four accessions from ‘Catuaí Vermelho’ × ‘Amphillo MR 2-161’, one from ‘Timor Hybrid (UFV 408-01)’, one from ‘Catuaí Vermelho’ × ‘Amphillo MR 2-474’ and the resistant standard ‘IPR100’ were resistant to M. paranaensis (). Field evaluations with parental genotypes showed that plants that originated from progenies ‘Catuaí Vermelho’ × ‘Amphillo MR 2-161’ were resistant to M. paranaensis and also gave a good yield compared to commercial cultivars, showing promising agronomic traits that can be used in breeding programmes to develop new cultivars of C. arabica.

Download Full-text

Saccharum spontaneum, a Novel Source of Resistance to Root-Lesion and Root-Knot Nematodes in Sugarcane

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-02-19-0385-re ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 103 (9) ◽

pp. 2288-2294

Author(s):

Shamsul A. Bhuiyan ◽

Kylie Garlick ◽

George Piperidis

Keyword(s):

Nematode Species ◽

Root Lesion Nematode ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Root Knot Nematodes ◽

Nematode Reproduction ◽

Final Population ◽

Lesion Nematodes ◽

Commercial Cultivars ◽

Lesion Nematode ◽

Root Lesion Nematodes

Root-lesion nematode (Pratylenchus zeae) and root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne javanica) are two important pathogens of sugarcane (Saccharum hybrid). No commercial cultivars are resistant to these nematodes in Australia. Twenty accession lines of S. spontaneum, a wild relative of sugarcane, were tested against these two nematode species. S. spontaneum lines were tested twice for resistance to root-lesion nematode and three times for root-knot nematode. Reproduction (final population/starting population) of root-lesion nematodes was significantly lower in 17 of the 20 S. spontaneum accession lines tested in two experiments compared with two commercial cultivars. Four S. spontaneum lines supported a significantly lower number of root-lesion nematodes per gram of root than that of two commercial sugarcane cultivars. Reproduction of root-knot nematodes was significantly lower in 16 S. spontaneum lines compared with two commercial cultivars. Fourteen of the S. spontaneum lines tested supported significantly fewer eggs per gram of root compared with two commercial cultivars. This study showed that S. spontaneum lines possessed resistance for root-lesion and root-knot nematodes. Targeted crossing with commercial hybrid parental lines should be conducted to introduce nematode resistance into sugarcane cultivars for the Australian sugar industry.

Download Full-text

The effect of sandy soil, bacterium dose and time on the efficacy of Pasteuria penetrans to control Meloidogyne incognita race 1 on coffee

Nematology ◽

10.1163/156854107782331171 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 845-851 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Maria Célia Cordeiro ◽

Regina Carneiro ◽

Pedro Cirotto ◽

Luiz de Mesquita ◽

Maria Ritta Almeida ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Sandy Soil ◽

Meloidogyne Incognita ◽

Pasteuria Penetrans ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Nematode Reproduction ◽

Second Stage ◽

Race 1 ◽

Coffee Plants ◽

Reproduction Factor

AbstractAn obligate parasite bacterium of the root-knot nematode, Pasteuria penetrans strain P10, isolated from Meloidogyne incognita females on banana roots in Imperatriz Maranhão State, Brazil, was evaluated in glasshouse conditions, using two doses of a dry root bionematicide (107 endospores (5.0 g/seedling) and 106 endospores (0.5 g/seedling)) on seedlings of cv. Mundo Novo coffee. The soil in which coffee seedlings were raised was inoculated previously with these two doses of P. penetrans and after 2 months the plants were transferred to soils of different textures: clay-sandy soil (38% clay, 2% silt and 60% sand) and sandy soil (17% clay, 0% silt and 83% sand). When the coffee plants were 30 cm high, they were inoculated with 20 000 eggs/plant of M. incognita race 1. The coffee plants were examined 8, 16 and 24 months after nematode plant infestation. The effectiveness of the biological control was determined by the reduction of nematode reproduction factor, which ranged from 62 to 67% in clay-sandy soil and 80 to 85% in sandy soil. The mechanism of suppression caused by the bacterium was evaluated by the percentage of infected second-stage juveniles (J2), number of endospores attached/J2 and number of infected females. The high levels of suppression were related to time, increasing from 8 to 24 months, and to the percentage of sand in the soil.

Download Full-text

Genetic parameters of resistance to Meloidogyne incognita in melon

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20151147 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 47 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Willame dos Santos Candido ◽

Renata Castoldi ◽

Lucas da Silva Santos ◽

Dora Enith Tobar-Tosse ◽

Pedro Luiz Martins Soares ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Meloidogyne Incognita ◽

Genetic Parameters ◽

Block Design ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Chi Square ◽

Nematode Reproduction ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Reproduction Factor ◽

Six Genes

ABSTRACT: In order to assess the genetic control of resistance in the melon ‘Gaúcho Redondo’ to the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three blocks and six treatments using the parental lines ‘Gaúcho Redondo’ (P1 resistant) and JAB 20 (P2 susceptible), as well as F1, F2, and backcross generations (RC1P1 and RC1P2). Seventy days after inoculation, individual plants were evaluated for resistance using the nematode reproduction factor (RF). The hypothesis of monogenic inheritance was rejected by the chi-square test (χ2), and results indicated that resistance is controlled by more than one gene locus, as confirmed by the quantitative analysis that revealed the presence of six genes.

Download Full-text

Characterization of lettuce genotypes for resistance to root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.)

Horticultura Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0102-053620200301 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 38 (3) ◽

pp. 239-245

Author(s):

Jadir B Pinheiro ◽

Giovani Olegário da Silva ◽

Danielle Biscaia ◽

Amanda G Macedo ◽

Fábio A Suinaga

Keyword(s):

Genetic Resistance ◽

Nematode Species ◽

Egg Mass ◽

Root Knot Nematodes ◽

Grand Rapids ◽

Race 1 ◽

Meloidogyne Spp ◽

Susceptible Control ◽

Gall Index

ABSTRACT Genetic resistance is the most suitable mechanism to control root-knot nematodes in lettuce. However, information about the resistance levels of currently used lettuce cultivars is scarce in the literature. Thus, the objective of this research was to characterize lettuce cultivars for resistance to root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne incognita (Mi) and M. javanica (Mj), aiming the identification of resistance sources for breeding, and to transfer information to the productive sector. We evaluated 97 lettuce genotypes in tree trials. In the first one (preliminary assessment), 92 lettuce genotypes were inoculated simultaneously with M. incognita race 1 and M. javanica species, 17 days after sowing. The gall index (GI) was evaluated 41 days after inoculation. In the second trial nine genotypes, selected from the first trial, were evaluated; and in the third trial, two new cultivars from Embrapa were evaluated. In the last two trials, the nematode species were inoculated separately, and the egg mass index (EMI), number of eggs per gram of roots (NEGR) and reproduction factor (RF) were also evaluated. In both trials, the lettuce cultivars Salinas 88 and Grand Rapids were used as resistant controls, as well as cultivar Irene as the susceptible control. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and treatments means grouping by Scott-Knott´s test. The crisp leaf cultivars presented a higher degree of resistance to the root-knot nematodes compared to the smooth leaf type cultivars. Cultivars Vera and Amanda present resistance to M. incognita, and Vanda to M. javanica. ‘Salinas 88’ present resistance mainly to M. javanica; while cultivar Mônica and the Embrapa cultivars BRS Leila and BRS Mediterrânea are resistant to both nematode species.

Download Full-text

Isolate-by-cultivar interaction in root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne hapla, M. chitwoodi, and M. fallax on potato

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b97-161 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 76 (1) ◽

pp. 75-82

Author(s):

J G Van der Beek ◽

PFG Vereijken ◽

L M Poleij ◽

C H Van Silfhout

Keyword(s):

Genetic Factors ◽

Solanum Tuberosum L ◽

Petri Dish ◽

Potato Cultivars ◽

Egg Mass ◽

Meloidogyne Hapla ◽

Root Knot Nematodes ◽

Nematode Reproduction ◽

Commercial Potato ◽

Reproduction Factor

To study virulence and aggressiveness in root-knot nematodes on cultivars of potato (Solanum tuberosum L., four isolates of Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood race A, one of M. hapla race B, three of Meloidogyne chitwoodi Golden et al., and two of Meloidogyne fallax Karssen were evaluated on 10 commercial potato cultivars under semisterile conditions in Petri dishes. Virulence and aggressiveness were assessed in terms of nematode reproduction by egg-mass index and reproduction factor, estimated by the number of egg masses and juveniles produced, respectively, divided by the number of juveniles inoculated. Significant interaction for both parameters was revealed between species of Meloidogyne and potato cultivars. Only M. hapla showed significant isolate-by-cultivar interaction, which was predominantly caused by the M. hapla race B isolate Hh. This indicates variation in virulence and suggests the occurrence of different genetic factors for virulence and resistance in M. hapla isolates and potato cultivars, respectively. Despite large differences, the observed levels of resistance were too low to be of practical meaning for breeding, with the exception of resistance to isolate Hh. No significant differences were obtained between isolates of M. chitwoodi and M. fallax or isolate-by-cultivar interaction, indicating neither variation in aggressiveness nor in virulence in the isolates used. A comparative greenhouse experiment gave comparable results for egg-mass index but contradicting results for reproduction factor, most likely because of differences in life cycle, which appeared to be shorter in M. fallax than in M. hapla and M. chitwoodi. The Petri-dish method proved to be accurate for virulence studies of root-knot nematodes on potato culitvars. Meloidogyne fallax was most aggressive on potato, followed by M. chitwoodi, M. hapla race A, and finally by M. hapla race B. Key words: aggressiveness, biadditive model, biplot, plant breeding, resistance, virulence.

Download Full-text

Common bean cultivars and lines interactions with environments

Scientia Agricola ◽

10.1590/s0103-90162004000200008 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 61 (2) ◽

pp. 169-177 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Sérgio Augusto Morais Carbonell ◽

Joaquim Adelino de Azevedo Filho ◽

Luiz Antônio dos Santos Dias ◽

Antonio Augusto Franco Garcia ◽

Lizz Kezzy de Morais

Keyword(s):

Common Bean ◽

Environmental Variability ◽

Interaction Analysis ◽

Simple Procedure ◽

Block Design ◽

Maximum Yield ◽

Complex Nature ◽

Multivariate Techniques ◽

Stability Parameters ◽

Breeding Programs

The performance of bean lines brought forth in breeding programs or of cultivars in use can be affected by environmental variability. The adaptability and stability of grain yield of 18 common bean cultivars and lines in 23 environments (combinations of seasons, years and locations) were evaluated in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. 'IAC-Carioca' and 'IAC-Carioca Eté' were used as standard cultivars for the carioca grain type, while 'FT-Nobre' and 'IAC-Una' represented the standard for black grains. The experiment was set up in a randomized complete block design with four replications and plots consisting of two, two central five meters rows flanked by border rows. Stability parameters were estimated by the methods Maximum Yield Deviations (MYD) and by the Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction Analysis (AMMI). For the identification of the most stable cultivars, the two methods led to consistent results, although by MYD the highest stability was always associated to the highest yield. 'MAC-733327' and 'LP 9637' were the most suitable cultivars and lines for the joint seasons, while 'LP 9637' and 'FT-Nobre' were the most suitable for the dry season. The MYD method combined a simple procedure, easiness of result interpretation, uniqueness of parameters, and association between stability and yield. On the other hand, the AMMI method simplified the identification of stable cultivars by visual inspection, also providing information on the environments. However, the complex nature which combines uni-and multivariate techniques hampers its widespread use in breeding programs.

Download Full-text