Genetic resemblance of allotetraploid Aster ascendens to its diploid progenitors Aster falcatus and Aster occidentalis

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 338-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geraldine A Allen ◽  
Cindy L Eccleston
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Parent Species ◽  
Important Process ◽  
Isozyme Electrophoresis ◽  
Fixed Heterozygosity ◽  
Upgma Cluster Analysis ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Duplicated Loci

Polyploidy is an important process in the evolution of the flowering plants. We used isozyme electrophoresis to examine genetic variation in populations of the western North American Aster ascendens Lindl., a dibasic allopolyploid species with n = 13 and 26, and its parent taxa, Aster falcatus Lindl. (x = 5) and Aster occidentalis Torr. & Gray (x = 8). Isozyme evidence confirms the derivation of A. ascendens from these two taxa. All populations and a high proportion of individual plants of A. ascendens possessed combinations of the alleles found in the parent species, and many individuals showed evidence of duplicated loci. However, fixed heterozygosity appeared to be less common than expected. Populations of A. ascendens resembled A. occidentalis much more closely than A. falcatus, and an UPGMA cluster analysis based on genetic identities showed that A. ascendens and A. occidentalis populations were closely intermingled, whereas A. falcatus populations were distinct. These results suggest that (i) A. ascendens has originated from multiple hybridization events involving different populations of A. occidentalis, and (ii) diploidization involving differential silencing of genes derived from A. falcatus may have occurred in A. ascendens.Key words: Aster, genetic variation, isozymes, allopolyploidy, diploidization, gene silencing.

scholarly journals Regional Polymorphism Assessment of Myanmar ‘Sein Ta Lone’ Mango (Mangifera indica Linn) from Sintgaing Township Based on Microsatellite Markers

1970 ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
May Sandar Kyaing ◽  
Sein Sandar May Phyo
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Germplasm Management ◽  
Upgma Dendrogram ◽  
Expected Heterozygosity ◽  
Upgma Cluster Analysis ◽  
Relationship Of

This study was conducted to explore the genetic diversity and relationship of Sein Ta Lone mango cultivars among 20 commercial orchards in Sintgaing Township, Mandalay region. Nine microsatellite (SSR) markers were used to detect genetic polymorphism in a range from (3 to 6) alleles with (4.33) alleles per marker in average. Six out of nine microsatellite markers gave the PIC values of greater than (0.5). Among them, SSR36 held the highest PIC values of (0.691) while MiSHRS39 and MN85 possessed the least PIC values of (0.368) and (0.387) respectively. The genetic diversity was expressed as unbiased expected heterozygosity (UHe) value with an average of (0.561). The genetic relationship was revealed by (UPGMA) dendrogram in a range of (0.69 to 1.00). Based on UPGMA cluster analysis, three main clusters were classified among three different locations. This study was intended to help cultivar characterization and conservation for proper germplasm management with the estimation of genetic variation and relationship in the existing population of Sein Ta Lone mangoes in Sintgaing Township by microsatellite markers.  

scholarly journals Genetic structure and differentiation in Metrosideros polymorpha (Myrtaceae) along altitudinal gradients in Maui, Hawaii

1993 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Aradhya ◽  
D. Mueller-Dombois ◽  
T. A. Ranker
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Allozyme Variation ◽  
Metrosideros Polymorpha ◽  
Altitudinal Gradients ◽  
Upgma Cluster Analysis ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
The Mean

SummaryThe level and distribution of genetic variability within and among Metrosideros polymorpha populations along altitudinal gradients on the island of Maui, Hawaii were examined to assess the extent of genetic differentiation. Sixteen loci encoding 11 enzymes were scored in 17 populations along the NE wet slope of Mt. Haleakala and Kipahulu Valley in East Maui and six populations along the Puu Kukui trail in West Maui. On average, 50% of the loci were polymorphic within populations with an overall mean of 2·15 alleles per locus. The observed heterozygosities for different populations were moderate (0·108–0·220) and conformed to panmixia except for one of the mid-elevation populations. The distribution of allozyme variation indicates that very little differentiation has occurred along altitudinal gradients. Approximately 90% of the total variation resides within populations in East Maui while 95% was found within West Maui populations. The mean populational pair-wise genetic identities (Nei's I) ranged from 0·909 to 0·998. The UPGMA cluster analysis on genetic identity matrices and PCA on allele frequencies revealed marginal altitudinal differentiation. Twenty one alleles out of a total 63 showed statistically significant correlations with environmental variables.

Genetic variation in distant and inbred hybridization progenies from three sympodial bamboo parent species

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 1323-1329
Author(s):  
Jin-Ling Yuan ◽  
Jin-Jun Yue ◽  
Yuan-Biao Zhong ◽  
Xiao-Li Wu ◽  
Xiao-Ping Gu
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Parent Species

scholarly journals Genetic and Epigenetic Changes during the Upward Expansion of Deyeuxia angustifolia Kom. in the Alpine Tundra of the Changbai Mountains, China

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 291
Author(s):  
Biao Ni ◽  
Jian You ◽  
Jiangnan Li ◽  
Yingda Du ◽  
Wei Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Changbai Mountains ◽  
Epigenetic Variation ◽  
Geographical Distance ◽  
Mantel Tests ◽  
Epigenetic Diversity ◽  
Different Populations

Ecological adaptation plays an important role in the process of plant expansion, and genetics and epigenetics are important in the process of plant adaptation. In this study, genetic and epigenetic analyses and soil properties were performed on D. angustifolia of 17 populations, which were selected in the tundra zone on the western slope of the Changbai Mountains. Our results showed that the levels of genetic and epigenetic diversity of D. angustifolia were relatively low, and the main variation occurred among different populations (amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP): 95%, methylation sensitive amplification polymorphism (MSAP): 87%). In addition, DNA methylation levels varied from 23.36% to 35.70%. Principal component analysis (PCA) results showed that soil properties of different populations were heterogeneous. Correlation analyses showed that soil moisture, pH and total nitrogen were significantly correlated with genetic diversity of D. angustifolia, and soil temperature and pH were closely related to epigenetic diversity. Simple Mantel tests and partial Mantel tests showed that genetic variation significantly correlated with habitat or geographical distance. However, the correlation between epigenetic variation and habitat or geographical distance was not significant. Our results showed that, in the case of low genetic variation and genetic diversity, epigenetic variation and DNA methylation may provide a basis for the adaptation of D. angustifolia.

scholarly journals Intraspecific genomic variation and local adaptation in a young hybrid species

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angélica Cuevas ◽  
Mark Ravinet ◽  
Glenn-Peter Sætre ◽  
Fabrice Eroukhmanoff
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Climatic Variation ◽  
Genomic Variation ◽  
Population Divergence ◽  
Parent Species ◽  
Evolutionary Potential ◽  
Variable Environment ◽  
Hybrid Species ◽  
Species Population

ABSTRACTHybridization increases genetic variation, hence hybrid species may have a strong evolutionary potential once their admixed genomes have stabilized and incompatibilities have been purged. Yet, little is known about how such hybrid lineages evolve at the genomic level following their formation, in particular the characteristics of their adaptive potential, i.e. constraints and facilitations of diversification. Here we investigate how the Italian sparrow (Passer italiae), a homoploid hybrid species, has evolved and locally adapted to its variable environment. Using restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq) on several populations across the Italian peninsula, we evaluate how genomic constraints and novel genetic variation have influenced population divergence and adaptation. We show that population divergence within this hybrid species has evolved in response to climatic variation. As in non-hybrid species, climatic differences may even reduce gene flow between populations, suggesting ongoing local adaptation. We report outlier genes associated with adaptation to climatic variation, known to be involved in beak morphology in other species. Most of the strongly divergent loci among Italian sparrow populations seem not to be differentiated between its parent species, the house and Spanish sparrow. Within the parental species, population divergence has occurred mostly in loci where different alleles segregate in the parent species, unlike in the hybrid, suggesting that novel combinations of parental alleles in the hybrid have not necessarily enhanced its evolutionary potential. Rather, our study suggests that constraints linked to incompatibilities may have restricted the evolution of this admixed genome, both during and after hybrid species formation.

scholarly journals Genetic variations in the drug metabolizing enzyme, CYP2E1, among various ethnic populations of Pakistan

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9721
Author(s):  
Sagheer Ahmed ◽  
Nadeem Altaf ◽  
Mahnoor Ejaz ◽  
Zaira Zulfiqar ◽  
Kholood Janjua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Drug Response ◽  
Variable Response ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Pakistani Population ◽  
Drug Metabolizing Enzyme ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Metabolizing Enzyme ◽  
Low Activity

Genetic polymorphism in cytochrome P450 (CYP) monooxygenase genes is an important source of interindividual variability of drug response. CYP enzyme activities may change as a result of such polymorphisms which then, may affect drug metabolism. This would result in a change in the severity and frequency of adverse effects in addition to the non-responder phenomenon. CYP2E1, a member of CYP superfamily, affects the metabolism of several clinically important drugs such as halothane, paracetamol, etc. Genetic variation in CYP2E1 is known to cause significant inter-individual differences in drug response and adverse effects. The degree of genetic variation is found to be different in different populations around the world. The frequencies of two important polymorphisms in the CYP2E1*7C, NC_000010.10:g.135340548A>G (rs2070672) and CYP2E1, NC_000010.10:g.135339244G>C (rs3813865), are not known in the Pakistani population. In the present investigation, 636 healthy human volunteers were screened for these two single nucleotide polymorphism. Our results indicate that about 18% (rs2070672) and 28% (rs3813865) of the Pakistani population has a genotype containing at least one low activity allele. A significant interethnic variation in the frequencies of both the polymorphisms was observed. These results suggest that pharmacogenetics screening for low activity genotypes would be a helpful tool for clinicians when they prescribe medications metabolized by CYP2E1, as a significant fraction of the Pakistani population is expected to have a variable response to these drugs.

scholarly journals Measurement of Genetic Diversity of Chinese Seashore Paspalum Resources through Morphological and Sequence-related Amplified Polymorphism Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 144 (6) ◽  
pp. 379-386
Author(s):  
Yan Liu ◽  
Hailin Guo ◽  
Yi Wang ◽  
Jingang Shi ◽  
Dandan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
The United States ◽  
Germplasm Resources ◽  
Seashore Paspalum ◽  
Chinese Germplasm

Seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum) is a notable warm-season turfgrass. Certain germplasm resources are distributed in the southern regions of China. The objectives of this study were to investigate the genetic diversity and genetic variation of Chinese seashore paspalum resources. Morphological characteristics and sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers were used to assess genetic relationships and genetic variation among 36 germplasm resources from China and six cultivars from the United States. The results showed significant variation for 13 morphological characteristics among 42 tested seashore paspalum accessions, and that the phenotypic cv was, in turn, turf height > turf density > internode length > inflorescence density > leaf width > reproductive branch height > spikelet width > leaf length > spikelet number > inflorescence length > internode diameter > inflorescence width > spikelet length. According to the morphological characteristics and cluster analysis, 42 seashore paspalum accessions were divided into six morphological types. In total, 374 clear bands were amplified using 30 SRAP primer combinations; among these bands, 321 were polymorphic with 85.83% polymorphism. SRAP marker cluster analysis showed that 42 seashore paspalum accessions were grouped into seven major groups, with a genetic similarity coefficient ranging from 0.4385 to 0.9893 and genetic distance values ranging from 0.0108 to 0.8244. The high level of genetic diversity occurred among Chinese germplasm, and the genetic distance was relatively high between Chinese germplasm and cultivars introduced from the United States. The patterns in morphological trait variations and genetic diversity will be useful for the further exploitation and use of Chinese seashore paspalum resources.

Genetic variation between and within two populations of Trifolium glomeratum (cluster clover) in Western Australia

1997 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarita Jane Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Field Station ◽  
Site Variation ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
The University ◽  
Two Populations

Genetic variation between and within populations of Trifolium glomeratum (cluster clover) was studied using seed collected from 2 sites in Western Australia: Mount Barker in the south and Kwelkan in the wheatbelt. Seed was collected at 64 subplots within each site and the material was grown at the University Field Station at Shenton Park, Perth. Seventeen morphological characters were scored and the results were analysed using analysis of variance, principal components analysis, and cluster analysis. Within-site variation was much greater than had previously been shown, and a considerable amount of between-site variation was present. It is suggested that within-site variation is due to a small amount of heterozygosity, as a result of limited outbreeding, being present in each population. The 2 populations are shown to be distinct from each other, with the population from Mount Barker containing more within-site variation. It is suggested that this is a result of climatic stress influencing and reducing the amount of variation being maintained in the Kwelkan population.

scholarly journals Comparison of Genetic Variation of Anthurium (Anthurium andraeanum) Cultivars Using SCoT, CDDP and RAPD Markers

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbas Saidi ◽  
Zahra Daneshvar ◽  
Zohreh Hajibarat
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Start Codon ◽  
Similarity Matrix ◽  
Random Amplification ◽  
Anthurium Andraeanum ◽  
Rapd Polymorphism

To evaluate the genetic diversity among 10 cultivars of anthurium were performed using three molecular markers such as Start Codon Targeted (SCoT) and Conserved DNA-derived Polymorphism (CDDP), and Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Polymorphism index content (PIC) was calculated 0.39, 0.42 and 0.37 for RAPD, SCoT and CDDP, respectively. This result showed all the three molecular markers had almost an identical potential in estimating genetic diversity. Cluster analysis using SCoT, CDDP and RAPD divided the cultivars to three distinct clusters. The similarity matrix obtained through SCoT and CDDP was positively significantly correlated (r = 0.76, p < 0.01). This is the first report in which the efficiency of two targeted DNA region molecular markers (SCoT and CDDP) together with RAPD technique have been compared with each other in a set of anthurium cultivras. Results suggested that SCOT, CDDP and RAPD fingerprinting techniques are of sufficient ability to detect polymorphism in anthurium cultivars. Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 28(2): 171-182, 2018 (December)

Isozyme diversity in large and isolated populations of Luma apiculata (Myrtaceae) in north-western Patagonia, Argentina

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (8) ◽  
pp. 781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayra S. Caldiz ◽  
Andrea C. Premoli
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
Isozyme Electrophoresis ◽  
Wahlund Effect ◽  
Rivers And Lakes ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
Vegetative Spread ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
North Western ◽  
Isozyme Diversity

We evaluated the amount and distribution of genetic variation in large and small isolated populations of Luma apiculata (DC.) Burret (Myrtaceae) in north-western Patagonia. The hypothesis tested was that isolated smaller populations were more affected by drift and isolation than large stands. Higher genetic diversity was predicted in the latter. Fresh leaf material for isozyme electrophoresis was collected from 30 individuals in four isolated and two large and continuous stands (Quetrihue Peninsula and Punta Norte, Isla Victoria). Five subpopulations were sampled in both large stands, and in addition, three regeneration gaps in Punta Norte. Eleven loci were resolved; 91% were polymorphic in at least one population. Isolated and large populations had similar levels of genetic variation. Reduced observed heterozygosity and elevated inbreeding were measured in subpopulations and regeneration gaps within dense stands. Although small populations consist of a reduced number of individuals they are mostly coastal populations nearby rivers and lakes that may maintain considerable gene flow with other faraway populations counteracting the effects of drift. In addition to potential selfing, increased inbreeding within large populations and regeneration gaps may be due to an intra-population Wahlund effect from local seedling establishment and vegetative spread, resulting in clustered cohorts of similar genotypes.

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